食品中3种致病李氏菌MPCR-DHPLC检测方法的建立

应用复合PCR(multiplex PCR,MPCR)结合变性高效液相色谱(denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography,DHPLC)技术建立食品中单核细胞增生李斯特菌、绵羊李斯特菌和英诺克李斯特菌的快速高通量检测方法。根据单核细胞增生李斯特菌、绵羊李斯特菌和英诺克李斯特菌的特异基因序列分别设计引物,MPCR扩增的产物经DHPLC技术进行快速检测。以94株参考菌株做特异性实验,并开展了重现性检测实验。MPCR-DHPLC方法同步检测到单核细胞增生李斯特菌、绵羊李斯特菌和英诺克李斯特菌的特异性阳性吸收峰,未检测到李斯特菌属其他近源种和非近源种参考菌株的阳性吸收峰,且重现性良好。该方法具有很好的特异性,可以快速、准确、高通量地检测食品中单核细胞增生李斯特菌、绵羊李斯特菌和英诺克李斯特菌,是食品微生物快速检测的新技术。     

食品中A型肉毒梭菌PCR-DHPLC检测方法的建立

目的:建立食品中A型肉毒梭菌的快速检测方法。方法:应用PCR结合变性高效液相色谱(DHPLC)技术,以A型肉毒梭菌的A型肉毒神经毒素基因作为靶基因设计特异性引物,PCR扩增的产物经DHPLC技术进行快速检测。以非A型肉毒梭菌,产气荚膜梭菌等23株参考菌株做特异性实验;A型肉毒梭菌DNA稀释成不同梯度,做灵敏度实验。结果:与传统的检测方法相比,该方法具有很好的特异性,方法灵敏度较高,最低检出限可达到为111ng/tube。结论:该方法可以快速、准确检测A型肉毒梭菌,是食品中致病菌快速检测的新技术。     

食品中五种致病性弧菌MPCR—DHPLc检测方法的建立

采用试剂盒法提取5种致病忭弧菌(霍乱弧卤、副溶血性弧菌、创伤弧菌、溶藻弧菌和拟态弧菌)的基因组DNA.分别合成5对特异性引物,对PCR反应体系进行优化后,建立了5种致病忭弧菌间的MPCR-DHPLC检测方法.二重PCR-DHPLC检测灵敏度可达到100CFU/ml.建立的MPCR-DHPLC方法在食品中弧菌的检测上具有很好的应用价值.     

双重LAMP技术快速检测水产品中副溶血性弧菌和霍乱弧菌的方法学研究

建立环介导等温扩增技术(LAMP)同时快速检测水产品中副溶血性弧菌和霍乱弧菌的方法。针对副溶血性弧菌tox R和霍乱弧菌omp W基因设计特异性引物,优化反应条件,建立水产品中副溶血性弧菌和霍乱弧菌的检测方法,并同时应用双重LAMP技术和PCR技术对实验菌株进行副溶血性弧菌和霍乱弧菌检测,比较两种方法的特异性和灵敏度。LAMP的最佳反应温度为61℃,在此条件下,双重LAMP检测技术检测副溶血性弧菌和霍乱弧菌DNA的敏感度可达3.12 fg,且与其他常见的细菌株无交叉反应,特异性为100%;对模拟食品样品进行直接检测时检测限为50 cfu/m L;对60份水产样品进行检测时,6份样品出现LAMP及PCR阳性,而传统培养方法检测出4份阳性。实验结果表明所建立的双重LAMP技术在检测水产品中副溶血性弧菌和霍乱弧菌时灵敏度、特异性高,时间成本低,适合于水产品中副溶血性弧菌和霍乱弧菌的快速检测。     

聚合酶链式反应-变性高效液相色谱法检测5种食源性致病菌

目的建立聚合酶链式反应与变性高效液相色谱(polymerase chain reaction-denaturing high-performanceliquid chromatography,PCR-DHPLC)相结合的方法,快速检测5种食源性致病菌(沙门菌、副溶血性弧菌、福氏志贺菌、大肠埃希菌O157∶H7和单核细胞增生李斯特菌)。方法针对16S rRNA基因保守区设计引物,PCR扩增产物用变性高效液相色谱仪检测,并进行敏感性、特异性、检出率等指标测定。结果柱温61.4℃时,5种致病菌PCR产物分别呈现特异DHPLC色谱图,保留时间均为7min左右。对沙门菌、副溶血性弧菌和单核细胞增生李斯特菌检出限均为5～10CFU/ml,福氏志贺菌和大肠埃希菌O157∶H7均为1～5CFU/ml。对83株目的分离株的检出符合率为100%,38株非目的分离株检测均为阴性;对人工污染食品中的5种致病菌均可正确检出。结论该PCR-DHPLC方法具有较高的敏感性和特异性,可用于食品中5种食源性致病菌的高通量快速检测。     

NDM-1基因DHPLC快速检测体系的建立

NDM-1基因是一种专属于"超级细菌"的重要特有的耐药基因,在食品潜在污染病原微生物的检测中着重要的作用。本研究以实现食品中超级细菌的快速检测为目标,初步建立了NDM-1基因的PCR-DHPLC快速检测鉴定方法,根据NDM-1基因序列,设计、合成了PCR引物(ND-D-F和ND-D-R),并分别对NDM-1质粒DNA及其他11个标准菌株进行了PCR扩增和DHPLC检测。结果表明,携有NDM-1基因的质粒DNA经过PCR-DHPLC反应扩增出特异性样品吸收峰,而其他对照菌均未出现相应吸收峰,提示本文中设计和应用的PCR引物具有NDM-1基因检测的特异性;灵敏度测定结果显示,此体系检测下限可达100fg/μL,提示PCR-DHPLC方法是一种特异、灵敏、快速的NDM-1基因检测方法。     

多重PCR-变性高效液相色谱快速检测单核细胞增生李斯特菌毒力基因方法的建立

建立单增李斯特菌的多个靶基因快速检测手段,提高检测的准确性。方法 根据单增李斯特菌4个毒力基因(hly、prfA、inlA、inlB)设计引物,通过优化引物浓度和引物组合,进行多重PCR扩增,产物经变性高效液相色谱(DHPLC)进行快速检测。结果 出峰顺序依次为inlB、hly、inlA、prfA,扩增片段大小为146、210、255、388bp,此方法具有良好的特异性,灵敏度可达到280cfu/ml。结论 本方法可以满足实际工作中食品微生物检测的要求。     

2种食源性致病菌多重荧光PCR检测方法的建立

文章旨在建立一种可同时快速检测食品中沙门氏菌和副溶血弧菌的TaqMan双重荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(Polymerase chain reaction, PCR)检测方法。分别针对沙门氏菌的inv A基因和副溶血弧菌的tlh基因序列的保守片段,设计了特异性检测引物和探针,并优化其使用浓度及反应退火温度,建立双重荧光定量PCR检测体系,并对方法的灵敏度、特异性及稳定性进行评估。结果显示：建立的双重荧光定量PCR检测法可特异性扩增沙门氏菌和副溶血弧菌,其他菌株无扩增。沙门氏菌检测灵敏度最低检测值可达1 copies/μL,副溶血弧菌检测灵敏度为10 copies/μL。批内批间变异系数均<2%,重复性和稳定性较好,与传统方法检测结果一致,检测时长大幅度缩短。综上表明,建立的双重荧光PCR检测方法能够快速、准确地检测出食品中沙门氏菌和副溶血弧菌,为食品中食源性致病菌的快速检测提供技术支持。     

2种弧菌的实时荧光PCR快速检测

目的为快速、特异、灵敏的检测致病性弧菌,建立致病性弧菌的实时荧光PCR方法。方法针对霍乱弧菌的种特异性基因ompW、毒力基因tcpA、ctxA和副溶血性弧菌的种特异性基因tl、毒力基因tdh设计引物和Taqman荧光探针,建立实时荧光PCR检测方法。结果该方法能够特异性地检出副溶血性弧菌或霍乱弧菌,并进一步确定其是否携带tdh、tcpA或ctxA毒力基因,检测的灵敏度可达到10CFU/ml或0.1716μg/ml(pg/μl)DNA模板浓度。结论该方法特异性强、灵敏度高,适用于食品中致病性弧菌的快速检验。     

食品中副溶血性弧菌PCR快速检测方法的研究

为建立食品中副溶血性弧菌 (VP)的PCR检测方法 ,选取tl基因作为靶序列设计一对引物 ,用该引物对 14株从国内食品中分离的副溶血性弧菌 (经传统方法验证 )和 30株非副溶血性弧菌进行PCR扩增 ,并用此方法对人工污染食品进行检测。扩增片段表现出极好的特异性 ,对人工污染的冷冻虾仁、沙丁鱼的检出限为 10CFU g ,且与传统方法结果吻合。该方法适宜于食品中副溶血性弧菌的检测。     

Vibrio mimicus infection associated with crayfish consumption, Spokane, Washington, 2010

We report a cluster of severe diarrheal disease caused by Vibrio mimicus infection among four persons who had consumed leftover crayfish the day after a private crayfish boil. Gastrointestinal illness caused by Vibrio mimicus has not been reported previously in Washington State. Three cases were laboratory confirmed by stool culture; using PCR, isolates were found to have ctx genes that encode cholera toxin (CT). Two of the cases were hospitalized under intensive care with a cholera-like illness. The illnesses were most likely caused by cross-contamination of cooked crayfish with uncooked crayfish; however, V. mimicus was not isolated nor were CT genes detected by PCR in leftover samples of frozen crayfish. Clinicians should be aware that V. mimicus can produce CT and that V. mimicus infection can cause severe illness.     

Selectivity and specificity of a chromogenic medium for detecting Vibrio parahaemolyticust

The thiosulfate-citrate-bile salts-sucrose agar (TCBS) used in the most-probable-number method for detecting Vibrio parahaemolyticus cannot differentiate growth of V. parahaemolyticus from Vibrio vulnificus or Vibrio mimicus. This study examined the selectivity and specificity of Bio-Chrome Vibrio medium (BCVM), a chromogenic medium that detects V. parahaemolyticus on the basis of the formation of distinct purple colonies on the medium. A panel consisting of 221 strains of bacteria, including 179 Vibrio spp. and 42 non-Vibrio spp., were examined for their ability to grow and produce colored colonies on BCVM. Growth of Salmonella, Shigella, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, Yersinia enterocolitica, and Aeromonas was inhibited by both BCVM and TCBS. All 148 strains of V. parahaemolyticus grew on BCVM, and 145 of them produced purple colonies. The remaining 31 Vibrio spp., except one strain of Vibrio fluvialis, were either unable to grow or produced blue-green or white colonies on BCVM. Bio-Chrome Vibrio medium was capable of differentiating V. parahaemolyticus from other species, including V. vulnificus and V. mimicus. Further studies are needed to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of BCVM for detecting V. parahaemolyticus in foods.     

副溶血弧菌高灵敏免疫层析检测法的建立

目的建立一种简便、准确、高灵敏的检测副溶血弧菌的免疫层析方法。方法采用免疫层析结合纳米颗粒信号放大技术,利用间接法进行示踪标记:试纸条由粘贴在底板上的样品垫、含有副溶血弧菌检测抗体的结合垫2、含有荧光颗粒标记羊抗鼠IgG的结合垫1、含有检测线(捕获抗体)和质控线(羊抗鼠IgG)的硝酸纤维素膜和吸水纸组成。结果结合增菌培养,该方法的检测灵敏性为10~3 CFU/g,与大肠杆菌、霍乱弧菌、河弧菌、创伤弧菌、溶藻弧菌、拟态弧菌、沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌等无交叉反应。结论本研究所建立的检测方法具有高灵敏、特异、简便、快速等优势,具有潜在的实际应用价值。     

Design and validation of a novel multiplex real-time PCR assay for Vibrio pathogen detection

Three species--Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Vibrio vulnificus--account for the majority of vibrio infections in humans. Rapid and accurate identification of Vibrio species has been problematic because phenotypic characteristics are variable within species. Additionally, biochemical identification and confirmation require 2 or more days to complete. Rapid and sensitive molecular techniques for the detection of vibrio pathogens would be useful for the surveillance and management of outbreaks. To facilitate the identification of human-pathogenic species, we designed and validated a highly sensitive, specific, and robust multiplex real-time PCR assay to identify V. cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus, and V. vulnificus using a four-dye configuration in a convenient lyophilized format. Multiple Vibrio strains were sequenced to verify candidate target TaqMan sites. Several individual assays within the multiplex contain multiple primers or probes to ensure detection of polymorphic variants. V. cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus, and V. vulnificus were detected either individually or in mixtures at ≤30 genomic copies. V. cholerae was specifically detected in the presence or absence of Vibrio mimicus. The Vibrio multiplex assay showed 100% specificity to all targets analyzed and no detection of nearest neighbor strains. Each assay exhibited 100% ± 10% efficiency. Multiplex real-time PCR can simplify pathogen detection and reduce costs per test since three species can be analyzed in a single reaction tube. Rapid and accurate detection of pathogenic vibrios in shellfish or seawater samples will improve the microbiological safety of seafood for consumers.     

Comparison of a Chromogenic Medium with Thiosulfate-Citrate-Bile Salts-Sucrose Agar for Detecting Vibrio parahaemolyticus

ABSTRACT: The widely used most probable number (MPN) method for detecting Vibrio parahaemolyticus cannot differentiate growth of V. parahaemolyticus from Vibrio vulnificus or Vibrio mimicus on the thiosulfate-citrate-bile salts-sucrose agar (TCBS). Presumptive positive colonies grown onTCBS need to be confirmed with lengthy biochemical tests. This study compared a chromogenic medium, Bio-Chrome Vibrio medium (BCVM), with TCBS for detecting V. parahaemolyticus in seawater, sediment, and oysters using a 3-tube MPN method. Among the 296 samples tested, 136 and 92 samples produced presumptive positive results on TCBS and BCVM, respectively. Biochemical tests and a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay confirmed 74 of 83 samples that were presumptive positive on both TCBS and BVCM as V. parahaemolyticus . Although false-positive results were reported when either medium was used, there were 62 reported for TCBS whereas only 15 were reported for BCVM. The specificities of TCBS and BCVM for V. parahaemolyticus detection were determined to be 77% and 94%, respectively. The accuracies of detecting V. parahaemolyticus were 54% for TCBS and 84% for BCVM. The Bio-Chrome Vibrio medium can be used in the MPN method to reduce the number of biochemical tests needed for V. parahaemolyticus confirmation.     

Foodborne disease outbreaks caused by sucrose-nonfermenting and beta-galactosidase-deficient variants of Vibrio cholerae

We reported four foodborne disease outbreaks in Taiwan caused by sucrose-nonfermenting and by beta-galactosidase-deficient variants of non-O1, non-O139 Vibrio cholerae. The sucrose-nonfermenting vibrios collected from three outbreaks were biochemically identified to be V. mimicus and the beta-galactosidase-deficient vibrios from an outbreak to be V. alginolyticus. However, molecular methods including DNA-DNA hybridization, fatty acid profile analysis, and sequence analysis of 16S rRNA, oriC, pyrH, recA, and rpoA indicated that these vibrios should be V. cholerae. These V. cholerae variants carried two hemolysin genes, hlyA and hlx, but contained neither cholera toxin gene, ctx, V. mimicus hemolysin gene, vmh, nor thermo-directed hemolysin, tdh. The sucrose-nonfermenting variants of V. cholerae shared a high level of genetic relatedness; they could derive from a common clone. In our record from 1995 to date, this was the first time that V. cholerae variants were discovered as etiologic agents for foodborne disease outbreaks in Taiwan.     

双重PCR-DHPLC技术快速检测水产品中金黄色葡萄球菌

根据编码金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素A的sea基因、编码耐热核酸酶的nuc基因为目的基因,设计两对特异性引物,利用聚合酶链式反应结合变性高效液相色谱技术,建立水产品中金黄色葡萄球菌的双重PCR-DHPLC检测方法。以30株参考菌株进行特异性实验,除所试8株金葡菌出现目的片段和阳性吸收峰外,其余菌株均未检测到目的片段与阳性吸收峰,表明该方法具有良好的特异性。灵敏性实验结果表明,检测灵敏度达到菌液浓度50CFU/mL,比普通的凝胶电泳高一个数量级。利用建立的双重PCR-DHPLC检测方法对240份水产品进行检测,共检出22株金黄色葡萄球菌,检出率为9.2%,其中含有肠毒素基因有8株,占总样本的3.3%,与国标法检出阳性率比较无显著差异,证明该方法具有良好的实用性。实验证明,本研究建立的双重PCR-DHPLC方法不仅可以特异、灵敏、简便快速且高通量的实现对水产品中金葡菌的检测,而且也可通过对肠毒素基因的分析,方便地判断出该菌株致病性的强弱。     

Prevalence of potentially pathogenic Vibrio species in the seafood marketed in Malaysia

Seafood samples obtained in seafood markets and supermarkets at 11 sites selected from four states in Malaysia were examined for the presence of nine potentially pathogenic species from the genus Vibrio between July 1998 and June 1999. We examined 768 sample sets that included shrimp, squid, crab, cockles, and mussels. We extensively examined shrimp samples from Selangor State to determine seasonal variation of Vibrio populations. Eight potentially pathogenic Vibrio species were detected, with overall incidence in the samples at 4.6% for V. cholerae, 4.7% for V. parahaemolyticus, 6.0% for V. vulnificus, 11% for V. alginolyticus, 9.9% for V. metschnikovii, 1.3% for V. mimicus, 13% for V. damsela, 7.6% for V. fluvialis, and 52% for a combined population of all of the above. As many as eight Vibrio species were detected in shrimp and only four in squid and peel mussels. The overall percent incidence of any of the eight vibrios was highest (82%) in cockles (Anadara granosa) among the seafoods examined and was highest (100%) in Kuching, Sarawak State, and lowest (25%) in Penang, Pulau Penang State, among the sampling sites. Of 97 strains of V. cholerae isolated, one strain belonged to the O1 serotype and 14 to the O139 serotype. The results indicate that the various seafood markets in Malaysia are contaminated with potentially pathogenic Vibrio species regardless of the season and suggest that there is a need for adequate consumer protection measures.     

Validation of a method for the detection of five species,serogroups, biotypes and virulence factors of Vibrio by multiplex PCR in fish and seafood

In this work a sequential multiplex PCR system was designed and validated for the detection of most frequent foodborne pathogen Vibrio species in fish and seafood (Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio vulnificus, Vibrio alginoliticus and Vibrio mimicus). The method proposed functions in a hierarchical way, being composed of an end-point multiplex PCR to detect the presence of DNA belonging to the studied species, followed by multiplex PCR and fragment analysis allowing the viability assessment of the detected strains. The final multiplex PCR step of the method may be applied if identification of the serogroup, biotype and/or virulence factor level is necessary. Forty samples of commercial fish and seafood products were used at the method validation stage. Sixty three marine organism samples obtained from various estuarine areas of Spain including shrimps, crabs, bivalve mollusks and fishes were screened for presence of Vibrio species and 2 mussel samples were found positive for V. parahaemolyticus. On the whole, the proposed method is robust and readily adaptable in routine molecular diagnostic laboratories, allowing monitoring and simultaneous detection of all these bacterial pathogens in seafood samples, reducing the expenses and time consumed by other analytical methods.