固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定酱油中4-甲基咪唑

建立固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱/质谱法(SPE-HPLC-MS/MS)测定酱油中4-甲基咪唑的分析方法。试样经水稀释提取,LC-SCX固相萃取柱净化后,以乙腈和5mmol/L乙酸铵溶液(含0.1%甲酸,V/V)作为流动相,C18色谱柱分离,采用电喷雾离子源,正离子扫描多反应监测(MRM)模式进行检测。4-甲基咪唑在5~500μg/L浓度范围内呈良好线性关系,相关系数(r2)大于0.99,加标回收率为83.6%~95.1%,相对标准偏差为7.3%~8.2%,方法检出限为5μg/kg,定量限为10μg/kg。方法简单快速、准确灵敏,适用于酱油中4-甲基咪唑的测定。     

离子交换固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法快速测定腐竹中的乌洛托品

目的建立腐竹中乌洛托品的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)测定方法。方法样品经乙腈/水(1:1,v:v)溶液超声提取,阳离子交换柱净化后,经Waters Acquity UPLC BEH HILIC(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.7μm)色谱柱分离,在电喷雾正离子多反应监测模式下进行测定。结果乌洛托品在0.5~100.0μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r)大于0.999。方法检出限和定量限分别为6μg/kg和20μg/kg。在20、40、100μg/kg 3个空白加标水平下,乌洛托品的加标回收率为100.1%~103.9%,相对标准偏差为4.7%~8.9%。结论该方法快速、简便、准确可靠,适用于腐竹中非法添加的乌洛托品的含量测定。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定配方奶粉中泛酸、生物素和氰钴胺素

建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱联用技术同时测定配方奶粉中泛酸、生物素和氰钴胺素的方法。样品经水溶超声提取、三氯甲烷除蛋白后,进行超高效液相色谱-串联质谱分析,采用HSS T3液相色谱柱分离,以10mmol/L乙酸铵溶液(含0.1%甲酸)和乙腈作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,采用电喷雾-正离子电离源多反应监测模式进行定性和定量分析。结果表明:泛酸(VB5)的方法定量限为5μg/100g,生物素(VB7)为2μg/100g,氰钴胺素(VB12)为0.2μg/100g;回收率为79.4%~87.8%,相对标准偏差为3.3%~5.3%。泛酸的线性范围0.5~1000ng/m L,生物素为0.2~10ng/m L,氰钴胺素为0.02~10ng/m L。该方法分析操作简单、速度快、灵敏度高、重复性好,适用于配方奶粉中泛酸、生物素和氰钴胺素的同时测定。     

丝织物中酸性金黄G的液相色谱-质谱法测定

建立了固相萃取-超快速液相色谱-电喷雾串联三重四级质谱(SPE-UFLC-ESI-MS/MS)联用技术测定丝织物中的酸性金黄G。样品经SPE提取和净化后,采用ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.7μm)色谱柱,乙腈(含0.1%甲酸)和水(含0.1%甲酸)为流动相进行梯度洗脱,电喷雾离子源电离,负离子多反应监测模式进行定性定量分析。酸性金黄G染料在0.5~100.0μg/L范围内线性良好,相关系数0.999 5,方法检出限为0.17μg/kg,回收率为97.2%~102.3%。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定白酒中的阿魏酸

建立了一种快速准确测定白酒中阿魏酸的高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)分析方法。样品经简单前处理后,以乙腈和含0.1%甲酸的水溶液为流动相,在电喷雾多反应监测模式下进行质谱分析。实验结果显示,该方法线性相关系数R~2大于0.9999,检出限为1.41μg/L,定量限为4.70μg/L,样品的回收率为101.1%～101.3%,相对标准偏差为0.10%～2.00%。方法简单、快速、准确、灵敏,为白酒中阿魏酸的研究提供了可靠的检测方法。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定食用植物油中的游离棉酚

目的建立超高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱测定食用植物油中游离棉酚的方法。方法样品采用无水乙醇溶液提取,C18色谱柱分离,电喷雾串联四极杆质谱仪进行检测。结果棉酚的质量浓度在0.001~1.0μg/mL范围内具有良好的线性关系。食用植物油中的棉酚在5、50、250μg/kg 3个添加水平下,平均回收率为70.6%~94.4%,相对标准偏差小于12.0%;方法检出限LOD(S/N≥3)为1μg/kg,定量限LOQ(S/N≥10)为5μg/kg。结论该方法快速简单,结果准确,重现性好,适用于食用植物油中的游离棉酚含量的测定。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定畜禽肉中17种磺胺类药物残留

目的建立超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,UPLC-MS/MS)测定畜禽肉组织中17种磺胺类药物残留的方法。方法样品经乙腈提取、浓缩,正己烷脱脂后在正离子模式下以电喷雾电离串联质谱进行测定,外标法定量。结果 17种磺胺类药物在5μg/L~100μg/L范围内线性良好,相关系数0.99,方法检出限为2μg/kg,定量限为5μg/kg。在10、20、100μg/kg的添加水平下,17种磺胺类药物的平均回收率在84.0%~114.2%之间,相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation,RSD,n=6)在0.59%~7.96%之间。结论本方法快速、准确、灵敏,可应用于畜禽肉中17种磺胺类药物残留的同时检测。     

超高压液相色谱-串联质谱法快速测定酒类中的4种甜味剂

目的建立酒类中安赛蜜、糖精钠、甜蜜素和三氯蔗糖4种甜味剂的超高压液相色谱-串联质谱联用(UPLC-MS/MS)快速测定方法。方法采用AgilentZORBAXSB-C18色谱柱(50mm×2.1mm,1.8μm)分离,以0.1%甲酸水溶液-甲醇作为流动相梯度洗脱,在电喷雾离子源ESI负离子模式下多重反应监测(MRM)定性、定量测定甜味剂。结果 4种甜味剂在10～500μg/L的范围内与峰面积有良好的线性关系,相关系数大于0.99,检出限为0.5～2.4μg/L,加标回收率在89.4%～104.6%之间,RSD小于4%。结论该方法简便灵敏,准确快速,可用于酒类食品中低剂量、复合甜味剂的测定。     

超高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱测定食品中对位红的检测方法研究

建立了超高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱法测定食品中对位红的检测方法。样品经提取后,采用了Waters Oasis HLB作为固相萃取小柱,进行样品净化,经超高效液相色谱分离后采用电喷雾串联质谱进行定性及定量检测。线性范围为0.1～1.0mg/L,线性相关系数为0.999。方法的定性检出限(S/N=3)为0.26μg/kg,定量检出限(S/N=10)为0.85μg/kg。高、中、低3个浓度水平的加标回收率范围为80.5%～109.5%,相对标准偏差小于10%。     

离子交换固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法 快速测定腐竹中的乌洛托品

目的 建立腐竹中乌洛托品的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)测定方法。方法 样品经乙腈/水(1：1, v/v)溶液超声提取,阳离子交换柱净化后,经Waters Acquity UPLC BEH HILIC(2.1 mm × 100 mm,1.7 μm)色谱柱分离,在电喷雾正离子多反应监测模式下进行测定。结果 乌洛托品在0. 5 ~ 100 μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r)大于0. 999。方法检出限和定量限分别为6 μg/kg和20 μg/kg。在20、40、100μg/kg 三个空白加标水平下,乌洛托品的加标回收率为100.1% ~ 103.9%,相对标准偏差为4.7% ~ 8.9%。结论 该方法快速、简便、准确可靠,适用于腐竹中非法添加的乌洛托品的含量测定。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

Influence des ions sur le pouvoir hydratant de l'ure e: e tude sur peau de porc ex vivo

This study deals with the influence of ions (NaCl and MgSO4) in a W/O emulsion containing 10% urea. Moisturization kinetics are assessed by corneometry on pig skin ex vivo. The formula's influence on urea penetration is measured by infrared spectrometry with an ATR device and the stripping method. Corneometry and spectroscopy were chosen to record simultaneously the hydratation levels and urea localization into superficial cell layers. Urea crystallization after evaporation of emulsions and aqueous solutions is described. Results show that urea does not hydrate nor penetrate when applied to the skin through an aqueous gel. In a W/O emulsion, sodium chloride increases the ability of urea to moisturize without improving penetration. In vitro urea crystallization is disturbed by sodium chloride or magnesium sulphate for solutions and emulsions. This stabilization by ions is correlated with good moisturization values. The stabilization of urea in the solute state provided by ions increases its water epidermal binding capacity without enhancing penetration.