均匀设计法优化甘薯薯片油炸工艺

为了优化甘薯薯片油炸工艺,采用单因素与均匀设计法相结合,以甘薯薯片含油量、亮度L~*值、黄色b~*值为指标,并对数据进行逐步回归分析。优化最佳工艺组合为:切片厚度2 mm,热烫时间1 min,食盐浓度3%,食盐浸泡时间15 min,预干燥温度60℃,干燥时间90 min,油炸温度130℃,油炸时间2 min。优化工艺得到的甘薯薯片含油量低于市售薯片,亮度L~*值和黄色b~*值高。     

均匀设计法优化甘薯薯片常压油炸工艺

为了对甘薯薯片常压油炸工艺进行优化,采用均匀设计法进行试验,以含油量、含水量、黄色b*值、亮度L*值为考察指标,对数据进行逐步回归分析。结果表明:适当增加预干燥时间可以降低产品含油量,适当提高预干燥温度有利于减少产品含水量和增加产品亮度,适当延长油炸时间可以降低含水量、改善颜色,预干燥温度和预干燥时间的交互作用对含油量有负促进效应,预干燥温度和油炸温度的交互作用、预干燥温度和油炸时间的交互作用以及油炸温度和油炸时间的交互作用均对含水量有正促进效应,油炸温度和油炸时间的交互作用对颜色品质和含油量有负促进效应。优化工艺组合为:预干燥温度90℃,干燥时间60min,油炸温度120℃,油炸时间4min;得到的薯片品质优于市售同类产品,这将为生产甘薯薯片的中小企业提供一些技术参考。     

加工工艺对油炸马铃薯片品质的影响

本文研究了油炸马铃薯片加工过程中切片预干燥时间、油炸温度和不同浸泡处理对油炸马铃薯片品质的影响,通过薯片炸前炸后色泽变化、亮度、丙烯酰胺含量、水分含量、含油量及感官指标等理化指标进行评估。结果表明,油炸马铃薯片的色泽变化和丙烯酰胺含量随油炸温度升高增大,预干燥时间越长切片炸前水分含量越低,油炸时间越短,但随着预干燥时间的增加油炸薯片色泽变化也越大。油炸马铃薯片的最佳生产工艺为:鲜切马铃薯片先在85℃清水中热烫3.5 min,再用0.3%CaCl2溶液中室温浸泡30 min,浸泡后切片在60℃下热风干燥箱干燥15 min,130℃油炸即可得到色泽变化最小、丙烯酰胺含量低的油炸薯片。     

低含量丙烯酰胺的油炸马铃薯片加工工艺研究

根据之前所做的单因素实验结果,确定以原料品种、浸泡液的柠檬酸浓度、预干燥时间以及油炸温度四个因素来做四因素四水平正交实验,并对实验结果进行数据分析。根据分析结果确定了生产低丙烯酰胺含量的油炸马铃薯片的最佳加工工艺条件为:以大西洋品种的马铃薯为原料,采用浓度为0.5%的柠檬酸水溶液浸泡,85℃鼓风干燥20min,最后在180℃的油温下恒温油炸至熟。     

即食香鱼的加工工艺研究

研究了即食香鱼产品加工工艺条件。以感官品质为指标,通过单因素及正交实验确立了最优卤制工艺。为了使产品获得良好的口感,优化了预干燥和油炸工艺。结果表明,最优卤制、预干燥和油炸工艺分别为:盐质量分数10%、盐渍时间30 min、卤制时间2 h;预干燥温度40~50℃、香鱼预干燥程度为水分质量分数60%;油炸温度180℃、油炸时间4 min。     

常压油炸马铃薯脆片加工工艺参数的研究

以适于油炸加工的马铃薯品种--大西洋为原料,研究了切片厚度、坯料烘干时间(含水量)、被膜剂浓度、油炸时间、油炸温度对常压油炸马铃薯脆片品质的影响,确定了常压油炸马铃薯脆片的加工工艺参数,即马铃薯切片厚度为2.0mm,油炸坯料于50℃温度下烘80min,含水量控制在60%左右,油炸前用0.8%的CMC-Na溶液被膜,在180℃油温下炸制2min。     

基于均匀设计和主成分分析的甘薯薯片油炸工艺优化

为优化甘薯薯片油炸工艺,采用单因素和均匀设计相结合进行试验,对均匀设计试验数据进行多元回归分析。单因素试验表明:切片厚度、预干燥阶段和油炸阶段对含油量、L*值和b*值有较大影响;均匀设计逐步回归分析表明:油炸时间对含油量影响显著(P=0.011),食盐水质量分数对含水量影响显著(P=0.022),油炸温度和油炸时间对L*值影响极显著(P=0.001),预干燥时间和油炸时间对b*值影响显著,食盐水浸泡时间、食盐水质量分数、预干燥温度、预干燥时间和切片厚度对脆度的影响符合二次多项式回归模型(P=0.001);指标主成分分析表明:提取2个主成分能解释87.4%的指标信息,达到指标降维目的;岭回归分析建立了综合得分回归模型,相关系数R为0.997,能很好地拟合产品的综合得分;偏最小二乘法回归分析预测最佳综合评分工艺参数为切片厚度2 mm、热烫时间1 min、质量分数1%食盐水浸泡20 min、预干燥温度60℃、预干燥时间70 min、油炸温度150℃、油炸时间1 min,验证综合评分为0.89,综合评分高于均匀设计试验组最高值0.86。优化工艺所得产品具有含油量低、颜色和脆度俱佳等特点,相关模型具有良好的预测能力。     

前处理改善油炸藕片质量的研究

本研究就切片厚度、护色、烫漂与硬化、预脱水等处理对油炸藕片质量的影响进行了研究,确定油炸藕片最佳工艺为切片厚度1.5mm;1%NaCl,0.5%柠檬酸,0.1%VC混合溶液浸泡护色1h;90℃的0.3%柠檬酸和1%CaCl2混合液中漂烫和硬化10min;-18℃预冷冻1h预脱水;170℃油炸至藕片表面没有浮泡为止。油炸藕片色泽均匀,呈淡黄色,气泡少;吸油量26.5%;口感酥脆不油腻。     

香甜红小豆加工工艺的研究

试验确定了香甜红小豆的最佳工艺及操作条件,其浸泡煮制最佳工艺条件:原料红小豆以25℃的清水浸泡24 h,预煮10 min,煮制50 min;真空蜜渍最佳条件:在真空度为2.66 kPa的条件下,蜜渍时间为40 min,蜜渍温度为60℃,蜜渍液浓度为70%;干燥最佳条件:常压下,以60～63℃热风干燥180 min。     

响应面法优化低脂甘薯脆片加工工艺

以红心甘薯为原料,优化低脂甘薯片生产过程中漂烫、热风干燥、油炸等关键工艺参数,以产品含油率和色差(L*值和b*值)为评价指标,并通过响应面优化确定最优的低脂甘薯片生产工艺。结果表明,较优漂烫工艺条件为:漂烫温度70 ℃,漂烫时间7 min;较优的热风干燥工艺条件为:热风干燥温度70 ℃,热风干燥时间40 min;最优油炸工艺条件为:预油炸温度149 ℃,预油炸时间98 s,二次油炸温度190 ℃,在该条件下测定含油率的平均值达(17.1±0.2)%。该工艺条件下制得的甘薯脆片含油率低于同类产品,外观亮黄,无焦糊现象。     

不同预处理条件对低温真空油炸马铃薯片品质的影响

本研究采用理化测定及感官评分相结合的方法考察了预处理过程中切片厚度、冷冻温度、护色液三因素对低温真空油炸马铃薯片的感官及品质的影响。结果表明,切片厚度2 mm,冷冻温度-18～-20℃,0.1%柠檬酸护色液为最佳的预处理措施。     

Vacuum frying of high-quality fruit and vegetable-based snacks

Sweet potato, green beans, Tommy Atkins mango, and blue potato were fried in a vacuum frying process at a temperature of 120-130 ± 1°C. Before frying, green beans and mango slices were soaked in a 50% maltodextrine 0.15% citric acid solution. The products were also fried in a traditional (atmospheric pressure) fryer at 160-165 ± 1°C for 4 min. A 30-member consumer panel rated the sensory quality of both types of fried snacks using a 1-9 hedonic scale. Compared with traditional frying, oil content of vacuum-fried sweet-potato chips and green beans was 24% and 16% lower, respectively. Blue potato and mango chips had 6% and 5% more oil, respectively, than the traditional-fried samples. Anthocyanin (mg/100 g d.b.) of vacuum-fried blue potato chips was 60% higher. Final total carotenoids (mg/g d.b.) were higher by 18% for green beans, 19% for mango chips, and by 51% for sweet-potato chips. Sensory panelists overwhelmingly preferred (p < 0.05) the vacuum-fried products for color, texture, taste, and overall quality. Most of the products retained or accentuated their original colors when fried under vacuum. The traditional-fried products showed excessive darkening and scorching. These results support the applicability of vacuum frying technology to provide high-quality fruit and vegetable snacks.     

低温真空油炸薯片生产工艺及其贮藏条件的研究

对马铃薯片进行低温真空油炸生产工艺的基础性研究,分析薯片在贮藏过程中水分、脂肪和VC含量的变化,并探讨等温吸湿规律。通过单因素试验确定最优的油炸工艺参数为温度105℃,时间20min,真空度0.090MPa;离心脱油的最佳条件为脱油转速400～500r/min,时间5～7min,真空度0.090MPa。研究结果对低温真空油炸薯片技术具有很好的指导和促进作用,同时改善了现在油炸薯片的品质和提高了能源利用率。     

Use of natural antioxidants in refined palm olein during repeated deep-fat frying

An optimization study on the use of oleoresin rosemary extract, sage extract and citric acid added into refined, bleached and deodorized (RBD) palm olein before deep-fat frying of potato chips was performed using a constrained mixture design. Results revealed that the use of these natural antioxidants could improve the sensory acceptability of potato chips during a 5-day repeated deep-fat frying. All three antioxidants significantly (P<0.05) improved the sensory characteristics, including appearance, taste, crispiness, odor and overall acceptability. After day 5 of frying, the most acceptable fried potato chips were those fried in oil containing a combination of 0.059% oleoresin rosemary extract, 0.063% sage extract and 0.028% citric acid. The natural antioxidants significantly (P<0.05) lowered the rate of oxidation of oil during deep-fat frying and contributed to measured sensory acceptability of fried potato chips.     

A Novel Technique for Limitation of Acrylamide Formation in Fried and Baked Corn Chips and in French Fries

ABSTRACT: The effects of lowering pH by an acidulant (citric acid) on the formation of acrylamide in fried and baked corn chips and in french fries were studied by using a GC/MS. The 0.2% citric acid treatments induced 82.2% and 72.8% inhibition of acrylamide formation in fried and baked corn chips, respectively. Dipping potato cuts in 1% and 2% citric acid solutions for 1 h before frying showed 73.1% and 79.7% inhibition of acrylamide formation in french fries. In the experiment of heating 1 mL solution containing asparagine and glucose in phosphate buffers, by lowering the pH from 7.0 to 4.0, 99.1% inhibition of acrylamide formation was achieved. This is the first finding of an effective, simple, and practical way to limit the acrylamide formation in real foods.     

甘薯品种干率与油炸薯片含油量和硬度间的相关性

选择20个干率18.72%～35.02%的甘薯品种,切成1.6～1.8 mm薄片,(135±10)℃常压油炸,测定薯片含油量和硬度.结果表明薯片含油量与干率成线性负相关,相关系数R=-0.827,薯片硬度与干率成非线性正相关,相关系数R=0.965,薯片硬度与含油量呈非线性负相关性,相关系数R=-0.890.显示油炸薯片含油量和硬度不可能同时达到最佳值.干率24%～26%的品种,薯片含油量在25%左右,硬度值650～700 g,具有较好的油炸品质,可以考虑作为油炸薯片专用品种选育的主要方向.     

Reduction of acrylamide formation in potato slices during frying

Reduction of acrylamide formation in potato chips was investigated in relation to frying temperature and three treatments before frying. Potato slices (Tivoli variety, diameter: 37 mm, width: 2.2 mm) were fried at 150°C, 170°C and 190°C until reaching moisture contents of ∼1.7 g water/100 g (total basis). Prior to frying, potato slices were treated in one of the following ways: (i) soaked in distilled water for 0 min (control), 40 min and 90 min; (ii) blanched in hot water at six different time-temperature combinations (50°C for 30 and 70 min; 70°C for 8 and 40 min; 90°C for 2 and 9 min); (iii) immersed in citric acid solutions of different concentrations (10 and 20 g/l) for half an hour. Glucose and asparagine concentration was determined in potato slices before frying, whereas acrylamide content was determined in the resultant fried potato chips. Glucose content decreased in ∼32% in potato slices soaked 90 min in distilled water. Soaked slices showed on average a reduction of acrylamide formation of 27%, 38% and 20% at 150°C, 170°C and 190°C, respectively, when they were compared against the control. Blanching reduced on average 76% and 68% of the glucose and asparagine content compared to the control. Potato slices blanched at 50°C for 70 min surprisingly had a very low acrylamide content (28 μm/kg) even when they were fried at 190°C. Potato immersion in citric acid solutions of 10 and 20 g/l reduced acrylamide formation by almost 70% for slices fried at 150°C. For the three pre-treatments studied, acrylamide formation increased dramatically as the frying temperature increased from 150°C to 190°C.     

微波辅助热风干燥预处理对油炸紫薯片品质的影响

为研究微波辅助热风干燥预处理对油炸紫薯片品质的影响,以厚度为3 mm的新鲜紫薯片为对象,首先采用不同微波功率(259、280、358 W)辅助热风(50、60、70 ℃)干燥方式对紫薯片进行预干燥,对不同微波功率(259、280、358 W)干燥后的紫薯片油炸8、3.5、2.5 min,研究紫薯片预处理过程的干燥特性及花青素含量,以及油炸紫薯片产品的色泽、脆度、硬度和脂肪含量等。结果表明:随着微波预处理功率的升高,紫薯片达到干燥终点的时间缩短(90 min以上),平均干燥速率显著提高;并且热风干燥温度越高,微波预处理对干燥效率的促进作用也越明显。而低功率(259 W)的微波辅助50 ℃热风干燥联用更有利于干燥紫薯片花青素的留存;较低功率(259、289 W)的微波预处理不仅在保护产品颜色上具有优势,还可以使得油炸紫薯片更高的硬度和更好的脆性。在不同微波预处理功率下,油炸紫薯片的脂肪含量最低值基本一致。本研究可为微波辅助热风技术在干燥紫薯及其他农产品干燥中的应用提供参考。