一种应用于锁相环的增益提高型电荷泵设计

采用0.18μm 1.8V CMOS工艺设计一种增益提高型电荷泵电路,利用增益提高技术和折叠式共源共栅电路实现充放电电流的匹配.该电荷泵结构可以很大程度地减小沟道长度调制效应的影响,使充放电电流在宽输出电压范围内实现精确匹配,同时具有结构简单的优点.仿真结果表明,电源电压1.8V时,电荷泵电流为600μA,在0.3～1.6V输出范围内电流失配为0.6μA,功耗为3mW.     

锁相环频率合成器中的电荷泵设计

用TSMC 0.18μm CMOS工艺设计了一种电荷泵电路。传统的电荷泵电路中充放电电流有较大的电流失配,文章采用与电源无关的基准电流源电路,运用运算放大器和自偏置高摆幅共源共栅电流镜电路实现了充放电电流的高度匹配。仿真结果表明:电源电压1.8V时,电荷泵电流为0.5mA;在0.3V～1.6V输出电压范围内电流失配小于1μA,功耗为6.8mW。     

一种用于PLL的新型电荷泵结构

本文设计了一种适用于PLL的新型电荷泵电路,将MOS开关置于源极,抑制电荷共享和电荷注入,并且采用可调节共源共栅结构增大输出阻抗,用于抑制电流失配。同时该电路具有结构简单、功耗低、充放电速度快等特点。采用Charter 0．35μm CMOS工艺模型,Mentor Graphics公司的Eldo进行仿真,在电荷泵输出电压范围为0．5～2．8V内,充放电电流匹配良好。     

基于常数跨导轨到轨运算放大器的新型电荷泵

针对传统电荷泵电荷共享引起的输出电压波动、充放电电流失配引起的电路杂波问题,设计了一种新型电荷泵。该电荷泵电路采用常数跨导轨到轨运算放大器,降低了电荷共享引起的输出电压波动;采用基于全差分放大器的负反馈结构,解决了充放电电流失配的问题。基于SMIC 0.18 μm CMOS工艺,利用Cadence软件完成了电路的设计与仿真。结果表明,在0.5～1.5 V输出电压范围内,该电荷泵充放电电流失配小于2%;与传统电荷泵相比,该电荷泵输出电压的波动减小了1.5 mV,并且采用该电荷泵的锁相环输出频谱噪声减小了10 dB。     

锁相环中高性能电荷泵的设计

设计了一种结构新颖的动态充放电电流匹配的电荷泵电路，该电路利用一种放电电流对充电电流的跟随技术，使充放电电流达到较好匹配，同时，在电荷泵中增加差分反相器，提高电荷泵的速度。采用Istsilicon 0．25μmCMOS工艺进行仿真，结果显示：输出电压在0．3—2．2V之间变化时，电荷泵的充放电电流处处相等。     

一种高性能CMOS电荷泵的设计

设计了一种用于电荷泵锁相环的CMOS电荷泵电路。电路中采用3对自偏置高摆幅共源共栅电流镜进行泵电流镜像,增大了低电压下电荷泵的输出电阻,实现了上下两个电荷泵的匹配。为消除单端电荷泵存在的电荷共享问题,引入了带宽幅电压跟随的半差分电流开关结构,使电荷泵性能得以提高。设计采用0.18μm标准CMOS工艺。电路仿真结果显示,在0.35～1.3V范围内泵电流匹配精度达0.9%,电路工作频率达250MHz。     

高性能电荷泵电路设计与HSPICE仿真

电荷泵锁相环具有高速、低功耗、低抖动等特点.电荷泵是锁相环中的关键模块,它实质上是一个开关电流源,需具有精准稳定的恒流源和理想的开关.在模块运行中,一般会出现电荷共享及充放电电流不匹配等现象.通过自举的方法,可以较好地消除电荷共享现象;采用电流跟随电路,可以使充放电电流得到较好匹配.基于2.5 V 0.25 μm CMOS工艺,设计了一个高性能电荷泵.采用Synopsys公司的Hspice仿真软件,对设计的电路进行模拟仿真.结果显示,在1.45 V至2.0 V之间,充放电电流几乎相等.     

低杂散锁相环中的电荷泵设计

用TSMC 0.18μm CMOS工艺设计并实现了一种电荷泵电路.传统的电荷泵电路中充放电电流有较大的电流失配,电流失配导致相位偏差,从而引起杂散并降低了锁相环的锁定范围.文中采用与电源无关的基准电流源电路,运用运算放大器和自偏置高摆幅共源共栅电流镜电路实现了充放电电流的高度匹配,从而降低了杂散.测试结果表明:电源电压1.8V时,电荷泵电流为0.475mA,在0.3～1.6V输出电压范围内电流失配小于10mA,功耗为6.8mW.     

一种高性能CMOS电荷泵的设计

设计了一种用于电荷泵锁相环的CMOS电荷泵电路。电路中采用三对自偏置高摆幅共源共栅电流镜进行泵电流镜像,增大了低电压下电荷泵的输出电阻,并实现了上下两个电荷泵的匹配。为了消除单端电荷泵存在的电荷共享问题,引入了带宽幅电压跟随的半差分电流开关结构,使电荷泵性能得以提高。设计采用0．18-μm标准CMOS工艺。电路仿真结果显示,在0．35V到1．3V范围内泵电流匹配精度达0．9％,电路工作频率达250MHz。     

一种大电压输出摆幅低电流失配电荷泵的设计

在分析了基本锁相环电荷泵工作机制的基础上,提出一种新型的电荷泵结构,该电荷泵在非常宽的电压范围内具有很低的电流失配,解决了传统电荷泵结构所具有的电荷注入、时钟馈通和电荷共享等问题,并且非常容易实现电荷泵充放电电流的数字控制.基于SMIC 0.18 μm CMOSRF工艺库设计的实际电路,使用Cadence工具仿真结果表明,在电源电压2.0 V时,输出电压为0.3～1.63 V,充放电电流最大失配率小于0.1%,电流绝对值偏移率小于0.6%,说明这种新型电荷泵结构具有良好的性能.     

Preparation and Characterization of TaN ALD Precursors

High purity organic-tantalum precursors for thin film ALD TaN were synthesized and characterized.Vapor pressure and thermal stability of these precursors were studied.From the vapor pressure analysis,it was found that TBTEMT has a higher vapor pressure than any other published liquid TaN precursor,including TBTDET,TAITMATA,and IPTDET.Thermal stability of the alkyl groups on the precursors was investigated using a 1H NMR technique.The results indicated that the tertbutylimino group is the most stable group on TBTDET and TBTEMT as compared to the dialkylamido groups.Thermal stability of TaN precursors decreased in the following order:TBTDET ＞ PDMAT ＞ TBTEMT.In conclusion,precursor vapor pressure and thermal stability were tuned by making slight variations in the ligand sphere around the metal center.     

Curved crystal spectrometer for the measurement of X-ray lines from laser-produced plasmas

In order to diagnose the laser-produced plasmas, a focusing curved crystal spectrometer has been developed for measuring the X-ray lines radiated from a laser-produced plasmas. The design is based on the fact that the ray emitted from a source located at one focus of an ellipse will converge on the other focus by the reflection of the elliptical surface. The focal length and the eccentricity of the ellipse are 1350 mm and 0.9586, respectively. The spectrometer can be used to measure the X- ray lines in the wavelength range of 0.2-0.37 nm, and a LiF crystal （200） （2d = 0.4027 nm） is used as dispersive element covering Bragg angle from 30° to 67.5°. The spectrometer was tested on Shengnang- Ⅱ which can deliver laser energy of 60-80 J/pulse and the laser wavelength is 0.35 μm. Photographs of spectra including the 1 s2p ^1P1-1s^2 ^1S0 resonance line（w）, the 1s2p ^3P2-1s^2 1S0 magnetic quadrupole line（x）, the 1s2p ^3P1-1 s^2 ^1S0 intercombination lines（y）, the 1 s2p ^3S~1-1 s^2 ^1S0 forbidden line（z） in helium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅺ and the 1 s2s2p ^2P3/2-1 s622s ^2S1/2 line（q） in lithium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅹhave been recorded with a X-ray CCD camera. The experimental result shows that the wavelength resolution（λ/△ 2） is above 1000 and the elliptical crystal spectrometer is suitable for X-ray spectroscopy.     

Electronic Structure of Semiconductor Nanocrystals

This paper reviews our recent development of the use of the large-scale pseudopotential method to calculate the electronic structure of semiconductor nanocrystals, such as quantum dots and wires, which often contain tens of thousands of atoms. The calculated size-dependent exciton energies and absorption spectra of quantum dots and wires are in good agreement with experiments. We show that the electronic structure of a nanocrystal can be tuned not only by its size,but also by its shape. Finally,we show that defect properties in quantum dots can be significantly different from those in bulk semiconductors.     

Critical Stage Rule-Based Real Time Dispatch（RTD）System in Highly-Mixed-Products （HMP） FAB

An improving utilization and efficiency of critical equipments in semiconductor wafer fabrication facilities are concerned. Semiconductor manufacturing FAB is one of the most complicated and cost sensitive environments. A good dispatching tool will make big difference in equipment utilization and FAB output as a whole. The equipment in this paper is In-Line DUV Scanner. There are many factors impacting utilization and output on this equipment group. In HMP environment one of the issues is changing of reticule in this area and idle counts due to load unbalance between equipments. Here we'll introduce a rule-based RTD system which aiming at decreasing the number of recipe change and idle counts among a group of scanner equipment in a high-mixed-products FAB.     

GaAsSb/InAlAs PA DHBTs Grown by Production MBE

The epi material growth of GaAsSb based DHBTs with InAlAs emitters are investigated using a 4 × 100mm multi-wafer production Riber 49 MBE reactor fully equipped with real-time in-situ sensors including an absorption band edge spectroscope and an optical-based flux monitor. The state-of-the-art hole mobilities are obtained from 100nm thick carbon-doped GaAsSb. A Sb composition variation of less than ± 0.1 atomic percent across a 4 × 100mm platen configuration has been achieved. The large area InAlAs/GaAsSb/InP DHBT device demonstrates excellent DC characteristics,such as BVCEO＞6V and a DC current gain of 45 at 1kA/cm2 for an emitter size of 50μm × 50μm. The devices have a 40nm thick GaAsSb base with p-doping of 4. 5 × 1019cm-3 . Devices with an emitter size of 4μm × 30μm have a current gain variation less than 2% across the fully processed 100mm wafer. ft and fmax are over 50GHz,with a power efficiency of 50% ,which are comparable to standard power GaAs HBT results. These results demonstrate the potential application of GaAsSb/InP DHBT for power amplifiers and the feasibility of multi-wafer MBE for mass production of GaAsSb-based HBTs.     

Technology innovation and process integrations for sub-100nm gate patterning

This paper presents a brief overview of the Applied Centura(R)DPS(R)system,configured with silicon etch DPS Ⅱ chamber, with emphasis on discussing tuning capability for CD uniformity control. It also presents the studies of etch process chemistry and film integration impact for an overall successful gate patterning development. Discussions will focus on resolutions to key issues, such as CD uniformity, line-edge roughness, and multilayer film etching integration.     

White organic light-emitting devices based on fac tris（2- phenylpyridine） iridium sensitized 5,6,11,12-tetraphenylnap -hthacene

We have fabricated the white organic light-emitting devices （WOLEDs） based on 4,4＇ -bis（2,2 -diphenyl vinyl）-1,1＇ - biphenyl （DPVBi） and phosphorescence sensitized 5,6,11,12,-tetraphenylnaphthacene （rubrene）. The device structure is ITO/2T-NATA （20 nm）/NPBX （20 nm）/CBP： x%Ir（ppy）3：0.5% rubrene （8 nm）/NPBX （5 nm）/DPVBi （30 nm）/Alq（30 nm）/LiF（0.5 nm）/A1. In the devices, DPVBi acts as a blue light-emitting layer, the rubrene is sensitized by a phosphorescent material, fac tris （2-phenylpyridine） iridium [Ir（ppy）3], acts as a yellow light-emitting layer, and N,N＇ -bis- （1-naphthyl）- N,N＇ -diphenyl -1, 1＇ -biphenyl-4,4＇ -diamine （NPBX） acts as a hole transporting and exciton blocker layer, respectively. When the concentration of Ir （PPY）3 is 6wt%, the maximum luminance is 24960 cd/m^2 at an applied voltage of 15 V, and the maximum luminous efficiency is 5.17 cd/A at an applied voltage of 8 V.     

Complete approach to automatic identification and subpixel center location for ellipse feature

To meet the need of automatic image features extraction with high precision in visual inspection, a complete approach to automatic identification and sub-pixel center location for similar-ellipse feature is proposed. In the method, the feature area is identified automatically based on the edge attribute, and the sub-pixel center location is accomplished with the leastsquare algorithm. It shows that the method is valid, practical, and has high precision by experiment. Meanwhile this method can meet the need of instrumentation of visual inspection because of easy realization and without man-machine interaction.     

小角度扩展相关性近似算法分析

本论文提出一种在多天线MIMO信道相关性建模中小角度扩展近似理论算法,并应用于分析MIMO系统性能。分析中分别对三种不同角能量分布情况下的空间相关性研发快速近似计算法,并同时提出双模(Bi-Modal)角能量分布情况下的近似运算。通过分析这些新方法的近似效率,可以得到计算简单、复杂度低、而且符合实际的MIMO相关信道矩阵,对系统级的快速高效计算法的研究和系统级的评估以及误差分析具有重要的意义。     

Noise character analysis and the restraint of self-pulsation laser diodes

We calculate the Langevin noise sources of self-pulsation laser diodes, analyze the effects of active region noise and saturable-absorption region noise on the power fluctuation as well as period fluctuation, and propose a novel method to restrain the noise effects. A visible SIMULINK model is established to simulate the system, The results indicate that the effects of noise in absorption region can be ignored; that with the increase of DC injecting current, the noise effects enhance power jitter, and nevertheless, the period jitter is decreased; and that with external sinusoidal current modulating the self-pulsation laser diode, the noise-induced power jitter and period jitter can be suppressed greatly. This work is valuable for clock recovery in all-optical network.