一种可重构体系结构用于高速实现DES、3DES和AES

可重构密码芯片提高了密码芯片的安全性和灵活性,具有良好的应用前景.然而目前的可重构密码芯片吞吐率均大大低于专用芯片,因此,如何提高处理速度是可重构密码芯片设计的关键问题.本文分析了常用对称密码算法DES、3DES和AES的可重构性,利用流水线、并行处理和可重构技术,提出了一种可重构体系结构.基于该体系结构实现的DES、3DES和AES吞吐率在110MHz工作频率下分别可达到7Gbps、2.3Gbps和1.4Gbps.与其他同类设计相比,本文设计在处理速度上有较大优势,可以很好地应用到可重构密码芯片设计中.     

SMS4密码算法的高速流水线实现

介绍SMS4分组对称密码算法,分析SMS4算法适用流水线实现的特点,并在此基础上用流水线的方式实现SMS4算法的高速加密和解密.此方法虽然牺牲了一定的面积,却大大的提高了加密和解密的速度.     

面向对称密码领域的可重构阵列设计

通过研究密码系统的特点,提出一种面向对称密码领域的可重构阵列结构.该阵列普遍适用于分组密码和流密码系统,灵活性高.通过配置信息的更新,可以快速动态切换加密功能,切换时间小于20 ns.该结构包含几个16×16的比特阵列和8×8的字节阵列,AES算法实现分组密码的加密速率为640 Mb/s～2.56 Gb/s,DES算法为1.6 Gb/s～3.2 Gb/s,SMS4算法为318 Mb/s～1.6 Gb/s,流密码Geffe的加密速率为400 Mb/s.与文献[1]～[3]相比,SMS4算法的性能有接近2倍的提升.     

分组密码处理器的可重构分簇式架构

该文在研究分组密码算法处理特征的基础上,提出了可重构分簇式分组密码处理器架构。在指令的控制下,数据通路可动态地重构为4个32bit簇,2个64bit簇和一个128bit簇,满足了分组密码算法数据处理所需的灵活性。基于分簇结构,提出了由指令显性地分隔电路结构的低功耗优化技术,采用此技术使得整体功耗降低了36.1%。设计并实现了5级流水线以及运算单元内流水结构,处理AES/DES/IDEA算法的速度分别达到了689.6Mbit/s, 400Mbit/s和416.7Mbit/s。     

一种基于动态思想的SMS4算法改进与实现

SMS4算法是国家商用密码管理办公室于2006年1月公布的用于无线局域网产品的分组对称密码算法.文中介绍了SMS4算法的原理,在原算法的基础上基于动态思想对其进行了改进,并实现了改进后的算法.同时针对改进后的算法的安全性和效率与原算法进行了对比分析.     

PVHArray:一种流水可伸缩的层次化可重构密码逻辑阵列结构

针对密码算法的高效能实现问题,该文提出了一种基于数据流的粗粒度可重构密码逻辑阵列结构PVHArray.通过研究密码算法运算及控制结构特征,基于可重构阵列结构设计方法,提出了以流水可伸缩的粗粒度可重构运算单元、层次化互连网络和面向周期级的分布式控制网络为主体的粗粒度可重构密码逻辑阵列结构及其参数化模型.为了提升可重构密码逻辑阵列的算法实现效能,该文结合密码算法映射结果,确定模型参数,构建了规模为4×4的高效能PVHArray结构.基于55nm CMOS工艺进行流片验证,芯片面积为12.25mm²,同时,针对该阵列芯片进行密码算法映射.实验结果表明,该文提出高效能PVHArray结构能够有效支持分组、序列以及杂凑密码算法的映射,在密文分组链接（CBC）模式下,相较于可重构密码逻辑阵列REMUS_LPP结构,其单位面积性能提升了约12.9%,单位功耗性能提升了约13.9%.     

AES/Rijndael算法协处理器设计与实现

AES／Rijndael算法是高性能的加密算法，具有极佳的抗攻击性能。文章提出了AES／Rijndael算法协处理器的半定制ASIC硬件实现方案，设计兼顾了处理速度与硬件资源耗费。其较高的加密强度，对于保护关键信息的安全具有很强的实用价值。方案在Cyclone系列FPGA芯片上实现，占用逻辑单元1400余个，综合仿真和实测的结果验证了本设计的正确性。     

面向密码算法的异步可重构结构设计

针对FPGA和ASIC在实现密码算法时的不足之处，本文介绍了一种面向密码算法的异步可重构结构。该结构的运算功能由一个可重构单元阵列提供，数据通路由可重构单元之间的相互连接实现，异步通信采用握手信号完成。在分析握手信号传输延时对可重构结构的影响后，文章提出了一种适合该结构的单元信号传输握手控制电路。同时在单元结构中，使用改进的DSDCVS逻辑来设计其运算电路，减小了单元的面积，提高了单元的工作速度。应用实例表明，在实现密码算法时，面向密码算法的异步可重构结构表现出了比FPGA更好的性能。     

AES密码算法的结构优化与实现

对AES密码算法的结构进行了优化,并应用0.6μmCMOS工艺实现了AES加密/解密芯片。使用Ver-ilogHDL进行算法建模,采用自动综合技术完成版图设计。芯片支持加密/解密模式及所有3种密钥长度。已完成流片,测试的最高时钟频率为20MHz,128位、192位和256位密钥时的数据吞吐率分别可达49.2Mbps、41.3Mbps和35.6Mbps。     

基于密文随机性度量值分布特征的分组密码算法识别方案

在研究现有加密算法识别方案局限性的基础上,提出了基于密文随机性度量值分布特征的分组密码算法识别方案。首先,基于码元频数检测、块内频数检测及游程检测对AES、Camellia、DES、3DES及SMS4密文的随机性度量值取值个数进行了统计分析,采用k-means算法对其进行了初始聚类划分。其次,针对相同聚类中的分组密码算法识别问题,基于降低特征向量间相似度的原则,求解了码元频数检测、块内频数检测及游程检测对应的密文随机性度量值特征向量维数。最后,对AES、Camellia、DES、3DES及SMS4算法的实验结果表明,提出方案在已知密文条件下,实现了对以上典型分组密码算法的识别,相关成果可为进一步探索基于密文随机性度量值分布特征的加密算法识别提供参考。     

面向分组密码的可重构异构多核并行处理架构

现有的可重构分组密码实现结构中,专用指令处理器吞吐率不高,阵列结构资源利用率低、算法映射过程复杂.为此,设计了分组密码可重构异构多核并行处理架构RAMCA（Reconfigurable Asymmetrical Multi-Core Architecture）,分析了典型SP（AES-128）、Feistel（SMS4）、L-M（IDEA）及MISTY（KASUMI）结构算法在RAMCA上的映射过程.在65nm CMOS工艺下完成了逻辑综合和功能仿真.实验表明,RAMCA工作频率可达到1GHz,面积约为1.13mm²,消除工艺影响后,对各分组密码算法的运算速度均高于现有专用指令处理器以及Celator、RCPA和BCORE等阵列结构密码处理系统.     

高速分组密码芯片设计技术

随着电子商务和宽带网的普及,高速密码芯片的应用越来越广泛。介绍了分组密码芯片的设计原理和设计流程,并给出了高速分组密码芯片的设计方法。通过实际密码芯片设计,验证了方法的有效性。     

Analogue VLSI Leaky Integrate-and-Fire Neurons and Their Use in a Sound Analysis System

Integrate-and-fire neurons are simple model neurons which can handle continuously time-varying signals. We have applied them to problems in real-time analysis of sounds. Two different chips have been built: the first had a fixed network architecture with all synaptic weights identical, and the second is reconfigurable with individually programmable weights. We present results characterising the latter chip, and results from processing real data from the earlier chip. We note that the second chip provides a more general integrate-and-fire neuron implementation.     

一种AES密码算法的硬件实现

介绍了一种适用于较小面积应用场合AES密码算法的实现方案。结合该算法的特点,在常规轮变换中提出一种加/解密列混合变换集成化的硬件结构设计,通过选择使用同一个模块,可以实现加密和解密中的线性变换,既整合了部分加/解密硬件结构,又节约了大量的硬件资源。仿真与综合结果表明,加/解密运算模块面积不超过25000个等效门,有效地减小了硬件实现面积,同时该设计方案也满足实际应用性能的需求。     

Application of Reconfigurable Computing to a High Performance Front-End Radar Signal Processor

Many radar sensor systems demand high performance front-end signal processing. The high processing throughput is driven by the fast analog-to-digital conversion sampling rate, the large number of sensor channels, and stringent requirements on the filter design leading to a large number of filter taps. The computational demands range from tens to hundreds of billion operations per second (GOPS). Fortunately, this processing is very regular, highly parallel, and well suited to VLSI hardware. We recently fielded a system consisting of 100 GOPS designed using custom VLSI chips. The system can adapt to different filter coefficients as a function of changes in the transmitted radar pulse. Although the computation is performed on custom VLSI chips, there are important reasons to attempt to solve this problem using adaptive computing devices. As feature size shrinks and field programmable gate arrays become more capable, the same filtering operation will be feasible using reconfigurable electronics. In this paper we describe the hardware architecture of this high performance radar signal processor, technology trends in reconfigurable computing, and present an alternate implementation using emerging reconfigurable technologies. We investigate the suitability of a Xilinx Virtex chip (XCV1000) to this application. Results of simulating and implementing the application on the Xilinx chip is also discussed.     

Design and Implementation of Unified Hardware for 128‐Bit Block Ciphers ARIA and AES

ARIA and the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) are next generation standard block cipher algorithms of Korea and the US, respectively. This letter presents an area‐efficient unified hardware architecture of ARIA and AES. Both algorithms have 128‐bit substitution permutation network (SPN) structures, and their substitution and permutation layers could be efficiently merged. Therefore, we propose a 128‐bit processor architecture with resource sharing, which is capable of processing ARIA and AES. This is the first architecture which supports both algorithms. Furthermore, it requires only 19,056 logic gates and encrypts data at 720 Mbps and 1,047 Mbps for ARIA and AES, respectively.     

A high speed programmable focal-plane SIMD vision chip

A high speed analog VLSI image acquisition and low-level image processing system is presented. The architecture of the chip is based on a dynamically reconfigurable SIMD processor array. The chip features a massively parallel architecture enabling the computation of programmable mask-based image processing in each pixel. Each pixel include a photodiode, an amplifier, two storage capacitors, and an analog arithmetic unit based on a four-quadrant multiplier architecture. A 64 × 64 pixel proof-of-concept chip was fabricated in a 0.35 μm standard CMOS process, with a pixel size of 35 μm × 35 μm. The chip can capture raw images up to 10,000 fps and runs low-level image processing at a framerate of 2,000–5,000 fps.     

The research and design of reconfigurable computing for Block cipher

This paper describes a new specialized Reconfigurable Cryptographic for Block ciphers Architecture（RCBA）.Application-specific computation pipelines can be configured according to the characteristics of the block cipher processing in RCBA,which delivers high performance for cryptographic applications.RCBA adopts a coarse-grained reconfigurable architecture that mixes the appropriate amount of static configurations with dynamic configurations.RCBA has been implemented based on Altera’s FPGA,and representative algorithms of block cipher such as DES,Rijndael and RC6 have been mapped on RCBA architecture successfully.System performance has been analyzed,and from the analysis it is demonstrated that the RCBA architecture can achieve more flexibility and efficiency when compared with other implementations.