Intelligent manipulator system with nonsymmetric and redundant master-slave

Some work is so complicated and unsteady that it is not possible to use automatic robots, such as FA robots. In such a case, a teleoperated manipulation system is applied. In this research, the authors aim at a reduction in the operator's physical and mental burdens. An artificially intelligent manipulator system has been developed with nonsymmetric and redundant master-slave. This system has five features: (1) a polar coordinates master arm; (2) a highly operational articulated slave arm with 7 degrees of freedom; (3) a nonsymmetric configuration and different degrees of freedom master-slave control; (4) an expert system; and (5) a new master-slave control motion, which makes the operator's task easier with automatic force/position control. The system was experimentally produced and its performance tested and evaluated. A qualitative evaluation was carried out by conducting a comparative test on the conventional master-slave control and the new master-slave control. It was found to be effective in reducing operating time, as well as work-induced fatigue.     

'Toy problem' as the benchmark test for teleoperation systems

A unified hand/arm master–slave system was developed to conduct dexterous tasks by teleoperation. Both the master and the slave consist of a two-fingered hand and a 3-d.o.f. planer manipulator. The system is also aimed at investigating the bottleneck of autonomous robotic manipulation systems. To evaluate the performance of individual teleoperation systems all over the world under equal conditions, we propose toy block assembling (LEGO® blocks) as the benchmark test for teleoperation systems. Using our hand/arm master-slave system, we announce the measured completion time for assembling some block structures, expecting other research group to try the same task in the future.     

Dual arm coordination and control

A generalized master/slave technique and experimental results for coordinated control of two arms rigidly grasping an object is described in this paper. Usually master/slave refers to the case when one arm is controlled in position mode while the second arm is controlled in force mode. In generalized master/slave control, each arm at its tool frame has six degrees of freedom; each degree of freedom can be in either position or force control mode. An interactive program has been developed to allow a user the flexibility to select appropriate control modes for a given experiment. This interface also allows for control gain adjustments. This paper presents the results of several experiments performed on this system to demonstrate its capabilities such as transporting an object with or without induced internal forces and movement of a constrained object. The system is further developed to achieve a so-called shared control mode in which an operator species the free motion trajectory for a point on the object of manipulation via a joystick while the autonomous control system is used for coordination and control of the arms.     

一种基于多Agent的人群仿真多机并行平台研究

本文提出了一种针对多Agent人群仿真模型的多机并行平台,该平台利用MPI作为节点间的通讯软件,采用主从模式设计多机并行执行环境。在主控节点中设置结果回收模块与监控模块,通过K-means算法保证执行节点之间的负载均衡,同时以此作为任务分发与调度的依据;在执行节点(从节点)中,则根据主控节点的任务调度执行相关Agent模型,并执行仿真同步与状态信息汇报等任务。实验结果表明,该多机并行平台能够执行基于多Agent的人群仿真模型,能有效地提高仿真的性能,同时具有良好的可扩展性。     

Development of anthropomorphic multi-D.O.F. master-slave arm for mutual telexistence

We developed a robotic arm for a master-slave system to support "mutual telexistence", which realizes remote dexterous manipulation tasks and close physical communication with other people using gestures. In this paper, we describe the specifications of the experimental setup of the master-slave arm to demonstrate the feasibility of the mutual telexistence concept. We developed the master arm of a telexistence robot for interpersonal communication. The last degree of the 7-degree-of-freedom slave arm is resolved by placing a small orientation sensor on the operator's arm. This master arm is made light and impedance control is applied in order to grant the operator as much freedom of movement as possible. For this development stage, we compared three control methods and confirmed that the impedance control method is the most appropriate to this system.     

外骨骼式遥操作主手设计及主从异构映射算法研究

为了更好地促进机器人适应复杂的遥操作任务,开发了能够精确获取人体上肢运动信息的外骨骼式遥操作主手,并通过异构映射算法,实现对6自由度协作机械臂的遥操作．首先,基于人体仿生结构,设计了可穿戴式8自由度外骨骼主手（臂部7自由度和手部1自由度）;其次,通过改进的D-H（Denavit-Hartenberg）方法建立遥操作系统的运动学模型,基于Matlab的机器人工具箱进行了工作空间仿真,并设计主从异构映射算法;最后,实验验证外骨骼主手在遥操作系统中的可操作性,以及工作空间异构映射算法的可行性．实验表明,外骨骼主手能够控制从端机械手臂,且保证末端位置和姿态一致,可在大范围工作空间内复现人体上肢精细运动,主从跟随误差达2 mm,工作空间类似于直径1.08 m的半球形．因此,可穿戴式的外骨骼主手使操作者能更加直观地参与到遥操作系统当中,辅助操作者更加高效地完成精细复杂任务．     

High-fidelity bilateral teleoperation systems and the effect of multimodal haptics.

In master-slave teleoperation applications that deal with a delicate and sensitive environment, it is important to provide haptic feedback of slave/environment interactions to the user's hand as it improves task performance and teleoperation transparency (fidelity), which is the extent of telepresence of the remote environment available to the user through the master-slave system. For haptic teleoperation, in addition to a haptics-capable master interface, often one or more force sensors are also used, which warrant new bilateral control architectures while increasing the cost and the complexity of the teleoperation system. In this paper, we investigate the added benefits of using force sensors that measure hand/master and slave/environment interactions and of utilizing local feedback loops on the teleoperation transparency. We compare the two-channel and the four-channel bilateral control systems in terms of stability and transparency, and study the stability and performance robustness of the four-channel method against nonidealities that arise during bilateral control implementation, which include master-slave communication latency and changes in the environment dynamics. The next issue addressed in the paper deals with the case where the master interface is not haptics capable, but the slave is equipped with a force sensor. In the context of robotics-assisted soft-tissue surgical applications, we explore through human factors experiments whether slave/environment force measurements can be of any help with regard to improving task performance. The last problem we study is whether slave/environment force information, with and without haptic capability in the master interface, can help improve outcomes under degraded visual conditions.     

显微外科手术机器人——“妙手”系统的研究

描述了一套显微外科手术机器人系统——“妙手(MicroHand)”．该系统采用主从遥操作方式，主从手为同构异型模式：主手是具有三维力感觉功能的PHANToM Desktop，从手是针对显微外科手术特点而设计的高精度关节型机器人．从手末端安装有六维力传感器Mini40，将检测到手术环境的力信息反馈给主手，从而使手术医生通过PHANToM感受手术环境的三维力信息．本系统成功地对兔子颈部和腿部1毫米动脉进行了血管吻合手术操作，证明了它的有效性．     

InsPecT的2种并行优化方案

InsPecT软件能通过盲搜索对蛋白质翻译后修饰进行鉴定,但其计算时间和复杂度较高。针对该问题分别采用对等模式和主从模式实现2种并行优化方案。比较结果表明,以主从模式并行的InsPecT软件通过动态数据分配和主从处理器间的及时响应,维持了更优的负载平衡,其加速效果较明显。     

电控发动机ECU中的SPI主从式多节点通信设计

分析了电控发动机ECU的控制芯片与外围芯片的通信需求,应用F28035设计出一种SPI主从式多节点通信结构。在SPI硬件设计中,F28035作为主设备,EEPROM、TLE8209、CJ125等器件为从设备,构成主从式通信网络,其中F28035通过译码器选定器件。根据具体芯片特性进行SPI工作模式配置与读写驱动程序编写,在内部开发的双燃料发动机ECU上成功运行,完成通信和诊断等工作。     

基于XCP协议的汽车标定系统通信研究与设计

现代汽车中的电控功能越来越多,不同ECU之间传递的信息量也就越来越大.XCP协议的高速性和稳定性非常适用于汽车中的实时测量及ECU内部数据标定.设计了一个基于XCP-on-CAN协议的标定通信软件,以DAQ模式编写了主机和从机上的XCP驱动程序,成功的实现了主从通信,试验证明ECU和标定软件之间的通信高效稳定且有良好的...     

基于PC和FPGA的运动控制系统

针对运动控制系统对高速度与高精度的要求,基于二次插补原理及最小偏差插补法,提出一种以PC机为主控制器、FPGA为从控制器的主从式运动控制系统的设计。主控制器的功能是对系统运行过程进行控制规划和粗插补;从控制器的功能是对加工进行精插补和执行速度控制。该系统在Matlab环境下进行了插补仿真,并在两轴数控雕刻床上进行了加工测试,验证了系统的可靠性与高精度。加工精度可达0.01 mm,为高精度、高速插补数控系统提供了有效的解决方案。     

双臂机器人无碰撞运动规划

双臂SCARA型机器人的操作臂的运动可以看成是平面内的四边形的运动，得出表示主 臂四边形位置的不等式，将表示从臂的四边形的边界取点离散，然后将从臂的关节空间进行 等分，在关节空间等分点上求从臂在此位置时其边界离散点的笛卡儿坐标，并将其代入表示 主臂位置的不等式以判断主从臂是否碰撞，然后用A*算法求取一条最优的无碰撞运动轨迹     

二乘二取二系统的同步表决安全机制研究

二乘二取二是一种高安全、高可靠性的安全计算机结构,详述了二乘二取二系统中的主备、主从关系,基于任务级的同步表决方法.在考虑时钟漂移情况下,分析了主从并发式和从机等待式同步表决方式的特性,提出了主从并发式用于主备同步,从机等待式用于主从同步的同步机制方案.搭建了该同步机制方案的二乘二取二平台,测试表明,该同步机制能很好地实现同步表决任务.     

Master-slave intelligent robot telepresence system

In this paper, the analysis and design of master-slave intelligent robot telepresence system are discussed. When the operator acts on the master manipulator, the position and attitude information of the master manipulator are gathered by the computer. After calculating and coordinate transforming, the data are send to the computer of the slave manipulator. Then the slave manipulator-PUMA562 robot follows the master manipulator's movement precisely. Six-dimension force/toque sensor(lord cell) is mounted on the slave manipulator. As the master manipulator and the toque on the slave manipulator are different in structure, the force and the slave manipulator should be send to the master manipulator computer and dissociated by the master manipulator computer. Proper ratio of the force on the master manipulator and the force on the slave manipulator is selected, and distribute to the master manipulator joints. So that the operator could feel the force from the master manipulator, which is obtained by the motors of the joints. The proposed control scheme is introduced to a prototype master-slave system and the experimental results show the validity of the proposed scheme.     

一种STATCOM控制器的设计

介绍了静止无功发生器的工作原理及控制方法,提出了一种静止无功发生器控制器的设计方案,给出了该控制器设计过程中需注意的主、分控制器通信问题,显示CPLD收发数据的消抖问题,IGBT上下桥臂的短路问题,程序跑飞问题及相应的解决措施。该控制器基于滞环瞬时比较控制原理,采用主控制器+分控制器的设计方式,且主、分控制器均采用DSP+CPLD的结构,提高了静止无功发生器控制器的运算速度和实时性。     

Development of a functional model for a master–slave combined manipulator for laparoscopic surgery

Minimally invasive surgery helps patients by accelerating postoperative recovery. However, its application is impeded because it is necessary for the surgeons performing such surgery to possess surgical skills of a high order. Therefore, a master-slave combined manipulator (MCM) has been proposed as a robotic tool that enhances the surgeon's skill in laparoscopic surgery. The master grip and the slave hand are combined through the manipulator body, and a surgeon can operate the tool near the patient. The slave hand is controlled electrically by the master grip and its position is directly controlled by the surgeon. A prototype model of the MCM has been developed. The functions of the MCM have been verified by basic evaluation tests and the MCM has been used in a preliminary animal experiment. This paper describes the concept, the basic performance and the validation of the MCM.     

Bilateral Teleoperation of Multiple Agents with Formation Control

This paper studies the formation problem for multislave teleoperation system over general communication networks, where multiple mobile slave agents are coupled with a single master robot. The forward and backward network transmission time delays are assumed to be asymmetric and time-varying. Due to the quantization in the network, a dynamic quantization strategy is provided to quantize the output signals of the master robot and slave agents before transmitting. Then, a novel masterslave protocol is designed to achieve the formation task under variable time delays and quantization. Additionally, the sufficient conditions for stability are presented to show that the formation protocol can stabilize the master-slave system under variable time delays and quantization. Finally, simulation are performed to show effectiveness of the main results.      

手控器的性能和评价方法

手控器是主从遥操作系统的关键设备,它不仅是从机械手进行实时运动控制的输入设 备,而且是将从机械手与未知环境之间的相互作用力提供给操作者的力觉遥现装置,是人与 机器人之间建立紧密动态耦合的重要接口．因此,其性能的好坏,直接影响遥操作系统的操 作性能．近年来,在手控器研制方面的文章已发表不少,但很少涉及对手控器进行评价的方 法和量化指标．这种目标的模糊性必然造成某些设计上的盲目性．本文作者在总结多年来对 手控器研制和试验工作经验的基础上,试图对这个问题进行比较深入的探讨,初步提出了一 套评价方法和量化指标．     

An Adaptive Control Technique for Motion Synchronization by On-line Estimation of a Recursive Least Square Method

This article presents an adaptive technique to tune controller gains for the motion synchronization of two gimbal systems by using a recursive least square method in the real-time fashion. In the master-slave configuration, the slave gimbal system follows the master’s motion while the master tracks the reference. In order for the slave gimbal system to synchronize with the motion of the master gimbal system, the dynamic difference between two systems is compensated by the controller gains. The controller gains of the slave are adaptively adjusted by the recursive least square method to cope with the deviation. The performances of three control schemes such as an independent PD control, a dependent torque control, and an RLS torque control scheme are evaluated by the experimental studies for the low cost gimbal systems. Experimental studies confirm that the RLS-based adaptive scheme actually outperforms by adjusting controller gains for the motion synchronization of the master and slave configuration.