PBT/氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料的制备及热处理

先用Hummer法合成氧化石墨烯(GO),然后用熔融共混法制备了不同GO含量的聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)纳米复合材料(PBT/GO)。随着GO含量的提高PBT/GO纳米复合材料的拉伸强度和冲击强度都先提高后降低,GO的含量为0.5%的材料性能最佳。将GO含量为0.5%的PBT/GO纳米复合材料在不同温度(150、180和200℃)热处理不同时间(30、60和90 min),研究了热处理对其结构和性能的影响。结果表明,随着热处理温度的提高PBT/GO纳米复合材料的拉伸强度和冲击强度最高达63.2 MPa和11.6 kJ/m²,比热处理前分别提高了36.1%和59.3%。而随着热处理时间的延长其拉伸强度和冲击强度最高分别为62.3 MPa和11.0 kJ/m²,分别提高了34.2%和51.9%。DSC分析结果表明,提高热处理温度和延长热处理时间都能提高复合材料的结晶度,结晶度比热处理前最多分别提高了11.4%和8.6%,温度对结晶度的影响更甚。XRD测试结果表明,热处理并不改变复合材料的晶型结构,只影响其结晶度。导热性能测试结果表明,复合料的结晶度越高则导热性能越好。提高热处理温度,复合材料在50℃和100℃的热导率最高分别为0.49 W/(m·K)和0.42 W/(m·K),比热处理前分别提高了24.1%和18.6%;延长热处理时间,复合材料在50℃和100℃的热导率最高分别为0.46 W/(m·K)和0.37 W/(m·K),比热处理前分别提高了14.6%和5.9%,热处理温度对导热性能的影响更显著。     

TiO2纳米管阵列薄膜的水热晶化

首先在KF和乙二醇的混合溶液中利用阳极氧化技术在钛基底表面制得了一层排列整齐、形貌均一的TiO₂纳米管阵列薄膜,然后将制得的薄膜进行水热处理,通过扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪等表征手段研究了水热处理温度和时间对TiO₂纳米管阵列薄膜表面形貌、结晶度以及管状结构的影响。结果表明:水热处理即使在较短的时间内（如3 h）也可在较低温度下（如210℃）使TiO₂纳米管阵列薄膜由无定形转变为锐钛矿型结构;提高水热处理温度或延长水热处理时间均可提高薄膜的结晶度,但同时纳米管管壁结晶度增加会使管内径变小甚至堵塞,从而破坏管状结构。     

PPC/PHB吹塑薄膜的相形态、力学和阻隔性能研究

采用挤出吹塑成型制备PPC/PHB复合材料薄膜,研究薄膜的微观形态与力学性能和阻隔性能之间的关系。结果表明,薄膜的拉伸强度随着PHB含量的增大逐渐增大,薄膜的纵向拉伸强度比横向拉伸强度高,横向直角撕裂强度比纵向略高,这与薄膜沿拉伸方向发生了一定的取向有关;薄膜的水蒸气渗透系数和氧气渗透系数均随着PHB含量的增大而不断减小,表明其阻水及阻氧性能得到提高;当PHB含量为30%(质量分数)时,与纯PPC相比,复合材料薄膜的氧气阻隔性能提升了约5倍。分别采用Fricke和Nielsen理论模型预测PPC/PHB复合材料薄膜的阻隔性能,探究影响PPC/PHB共混薄膜阻隔性能的作用机制,可为高阻隔性能的PPC/PHB复合材料制备提供理论指导。     

PVA热收缩包装薄膜的研究与应用

PVA热收缩薄膜具有优异的水溶性和生物降解性能,目前其生产方法主要有流涎法(湿法)和挤出吹塑法(干法),其热收缩工艺可分为一步法和两步法。PVA薄膜通过增塑改性可以降低结晶度,从而增加热收缩性能。其中,增塑改性工艺中的主要影响因素为增塑剂,拉伸工艺中的主要影响因素是拉伸温度和拉伸倍数,骤冷工艺中的主要影响因素是冷却温度及受冷均匀,收缩工艺中的主要影响因素是热收缩温度。PVA热收缩薄膜的市场应用空间较大,其研究方向主要为新型绿色可降解热收缩包装薄膜。     

低温热氧化处理温度与时间对氧化钒薄膜性能的影响

采用直流对靶磁控溅射氧化钒薄膜再附加热氧化处理的方式进行金属-半导体相变特性氧化钒薄膜的制备,研究了低热处理温度下热处理温度与时间对氧化钒薄膜组分、晶体结构和相变性能的影响.新制备的氧化钒薄膜为V2O3和VO的混合相.经300℃/1h热处理后,薄膜内出现单斜结构VO2,薄膜具有相变特性;保持热处理时间不变,升高热处理温度至360℃,薄膜表面变得致密,致密的薄膜表面阻碍了氧气与薄膜内部V2O3和VO的反应,VO2成分含量与300℃/1h处理时的含量接近;增加热处理温度并延长热处理时间,如热处理条件为320℃/3h时,薄膜内VO2成分大量增多,电阻值变化幅度超过两个数量级;在300～360℃的热处理温度区间内,薄膜内V2O3和VO不断向VO2转变,相变性能变好,但对VO2的单斜金红石结构没有影响.     

热致相分离法制备聚偏氟乙烯膜的研究

基于热致相分离基本原理,通过熔融共混聚偏氟乙烯/CaCO3/邻苯二甲酸二丁酯三元体系,制备了聚偏氟乙烯膜.考察了稀释剂和CaCO3含量对膜微观结构及拉伸强度的影响,以及CaCO3含量对聚偏氟乙烯结晶温度、结晶度的影响.结果显示,稀释剂和CaCO3含量对膜微观结构和拉伸强度影响显著;而CaCO3含量虽然对共混体系结晶度影响不太明显,但是对其结晶温度有较为显著的影响.     

快速热处理对BaSrTiO3薄膜微结构的影响

采用射频溅射法在Si基片上制备BaSrTiO3(BST)薄膜,利用X射线衍射和原子力显微镜(AFM)研究了快速热处理温度和时间对BaSrTiO3薄膜微结构的影响.结果表明:BST薄膜的衍射峰强度和结晶度随退火温度的升高而提高.随退火温度的升高,BST薄膜的表面粗糙度经历先降低后增大的过程,而BST薄膜的晶粒尺寸单调减小.当退火温度为700℃时,随退火时间的增加,BST薄膜的晶粒尺寸几乎不发生变化,而表面粗糙度单调减小.     

拉伸工艺对聚偏氟乙烯薄膜结晶特性的影响

采用挤出法制备了PVDF片材;利用单轴拉伸工艺制备了β相含量相对较高的聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)薄膜;采用偏光显微镜、差示扫描测试仪、X射线衍射仪等仪器,分析了拉伸过程中PVDF薄膜的形貌、结晶度以及结构变化,讨论了不同拉伸温度、不同拉伸比以及不同拉伸速率对薄膜微观结构及β相相对含量的影响。结果表明:PVDF薄膜拉伸过程中α相受外力作用转变成β相。PVDF挤出片材在拉伸温度80℃、拉伸比5倍,拉伸速率50mm/min条件下进行拉伸时,薄膜中β相的相对含量可高达57%。     

Sol-gel法制备YAG:Ce荧光薄膜

以硝酸盐为原料,采用Sol-gel法在石英玻片上制备了立方相铈元素掺杂的钇铝石榴石(YAG∶Ce)荧光薄膜,并探讨了匀胶层数和热处理温度对荧光薄膜晶型和光谱性能的影响。结果表明,随着匀胶层数的增加和热处理温度的升高,YAG∶Ce荧光薄膜的结晶度和发射光谱强度均得到提高;在匀胶层数不小于6时,YAG∶Ce荧光薄膜的晶型完整,同时发射峰强度高,具备实际应用潜力。     

热处理对SnO2胶体薄膜结构和气敏性能的影响

采用Ｓｏｌ－ｇｅｌ方法制备ＳｎＯ２胶体气敏薄膜，在４００－８００℃范围对薄膜进行了热处理。ＸＲＤ和ＸＰＳ分析表明热处理前后薄膜由非晶态转变为多晶的金红石结构。在较高温度下处理的薄膜比在较低温度下处理的薄膜有更好的结晶度，稳定性有所提高，但对气体的灵敏度下降。     

Effect of Permeable Crystalline Material on Steel Reinforcement Corrosion of Concrete

Permeable crystalline materialcan permeate into pores and cracks of concrete and catalyze the reaction between Ca(OH) 2and unhydrated cement to generate a great quantity needle non-soluble crystals, which can stop up the pores and cracks of concrete, and increase the impermeability of concrete. This paper reported the results of a study conducted to evaluate steel reinforcement corrosion of concrete specimens uncoated and coated with permeable crystalline material as well as mixed with the permeable crystalline material. The properties evaluated for corrosion test were water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength and potential. The results of water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength clearly showed that the permeable crystalline material could prohibit water, any soluble salts and moisture from penetrating the concrete to cause corrosion, leaking, and other problems, and it did increase the compressive strength, which was favorable for protection of corrosion of reinforcing steel. Moreover, it was concluded from the potential-time curve that the steel reinforcement of uncoated specimen was in the state of activation whereas that of other specimens coated and mixed with the permeable crystalline material was in the state of inactivation. Above all, it was indicated that the permeable crystalline materialis very effective to protect the steel reinforcement of concrete from corrosion.     

The Research and Application About "Dry Peeling Off" Technology for Airplane Surface Paint Layer

In this paper, the principle of spurting take off lacquer were introduced; and with orthogonal method the unsaturate polyester was prepared ;it was easy to peel airplane paint layer off with this material and equipment.     

Quality Study of Honeycomb Core Shaping Without Wax Stabilization

Sandwich panels utilizing honeycomb cores result in lightweight, high-strength units that are very rigid. Indeed, they give honeycomb panels the best strength-to-weight ratio of any construction type available. Conventionally, the wax is poured into the cell of the core to strengthen the structure and prevent the core from being crushed during milling. Much time and labor is required to wax, mill, and clean the cores. In this study, the process of pouring wax into the core was skipped. In other words, the cutter directly milled the core. Experiments showed that the compressive strength of the core produced without wax stabilization was only 3% lower than that of cores produced using the traditional method. In addition, the drum peel strengths of cores produced without wax stabilization were 38.4% higher than cores produced using the traditional method, in which residual wax seriously polluted the adhesive. It was also found that eliminating the wax process can reduce costs.     

In-process thermal treatment of polylactic acid in fused deposition modelling

Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most widely used open source fused filament fabrication materials due to its ease of extrusion, biodegradability, and mechanical strength. The mechanical strength of PLA largely depends on the proper growth of its semi-crystalline structure, which can be severely impaired by a low rate of crystallization, particularly in open source printers. This can be further aggravated by the non-uniform thermal distribution of heat that causes improper curing among the extruded beads of the printing material. As a result, PLA printed on open source printers does not achieve the best mechanical properties. This research, for the first time, proposes an additive-free solution implemented through a detailed set of experimentation to improve the curing rate through in-process temperature variations to cure the joints among the beads. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is used to confirm the improvements in the bead joints. This work is conducted in two phases of experiments. In the first phase, a full factorial ANOVA is used to investigate various process parameters and the important variables are used in the second phase to print test specimens in four different sets.     

Investigation of the Corrosion Behaviors of HVOF-Sprayed Carbide Cernet Coatings in Molten Al-Zn-Si Alloy Bath

In continuous hot-dip galvanization process the corrosion and chemical stability of the sink roll in the galvanizing bath are important problem which effects on the quality and productivity. In order to protect the sink roll the carbide cermet and/or ceramic coatings were deposited on the surface of the sink roll. The WC-, Cr3 C2-cermet coatings were deposited by high velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) spray, respectively. The coating samples were immersed in molten Zn-alloy containing 50 wt % aluminum at 833 K for 24 hr and 144 hr, respectively. The inter-diffusion and inter-reaction of Zn, Al and elements in coating and corrosion behaviors of these coatings were investigated by XRD, SEM and EPMA etc. The corrosion mechanisms of the carbide cermet coatings and ceramic coatings in molten High Al-Zn-alloy were approached.     

Fundamental study of adhesion of ice to cooling solid surface (Discussion on influence of copper oxide layer on ice adhesion force)

In many situations, ice often adheres to a cooling solid surface, frequently causing serious accidents. It is critical to clarify the mechanism of ice adhesion to the cooling surface in order to prevent ice adhesion. In a past study, the shearing stresses of two kinds of test plates with a copper surface having the higher thermal conductivity were measured. The shearing stress corresponds to ice adhesion force. Both shearing stresses were significantly different; however, the cause remains unclear.Therefore, the present study focuses on an oxide layer as the main factor causing the difference of both shearing stresses; the influence of the oxide layer formed on shearing stress was discussed. And in the removal and reformation processes of the oxide layer, the time variation of the shearing stress was clarified. Moreover, the relationship between the state of the copper surface and the shearing stress was also clarified by surface analysis.     

重塑标准推行格局 推动LED照明的普及（英文）

正When you are enjoying the green,energy-saving and healthy lighting of IKEA LED luminaire,you may not realize that most of IKEA’s LED bulbs are produced by the LED luminaire smart manufacturing system of Hangzhou Zhongwei Photoelectricity CO.,LTD(ZVISION).No longer enclosed in the laboratory,the product standards are brought into the factory workshop and even to the entire production process.Thus,the standards are promoted and applied in a favorable way by enterprises,benefitting consumers with high quality products.     

Chinese Experts Contribute to ISO＇s New Toy Standards

正The international standard,ISO 8124-6,Safety of toys–Part 6:Certain phthalate esters in toys and children’s products,was officially issued by ISO worldwide on August 15.It was the first time for Chinese experts to lead the ISO standard development in toys industry.The standard was drafted by a group of Chinese experts from SAC/TC for toys and relevant Chinese departments and finally completed by a dedicated international group of experts.ISO 8124-6 makes a substantive breakthrough in the aspects of the scope of toys,limitation of plasticizer types,control of test cost,accuracy of test,operation convenience,etc.,offering the operational guidance for toy manufactures and testing laboratories.     

中国质量(北京)大会(英文)

正Themed on"quality,innovation,development",the first China Quality Conference(Beijing)was held in the Great Hall of the People on September 15.Chinese Premier Li Keqiang delivered an important speech at the conference.State Councilor Yang Jing and Wang Yong attended the conference with over 600 domestic and international representatives from foreign,regional and international quality organizations     

National Working Meeting on Land and Resources Standardization

正The National Working Meeting on Land and Resources Standardization was held in Beijing on July 15,2014.Wang Min,the Deputy-Minister of the Ministry of Land and Resources,and Yin Minghan,the Chief-Engineer of SAC addressed the meeting.Representatives from relevant competent departments and technical committees were present.The meeting aims to summarize work,discuss existing problems and make clear working thoughts,promoting standardization work of land and resources to a new level.Wang Min pointed out that the standardization work of land and resources should be centered on the basic principles of"protecting land and resources dutifully,intensively and economically utilizing land and resources,and making all-out efforts to safeguard the public’s rights and interests",highlighted the