不同风攻角下薄平板的颤振导数

薄平板在不同风攻角下的颤振导数鲜有研究。该文以宽厚比40的薄平板为研究对象,首先采用强迫振动风洞试验测试技术,在0°、3°、5°和7°攻角条件下对其颤振导数进行了测试。结果表明,0°攻角下薄平板模型和理想平板的4个关键颤振导数保持一致。颤振导数A₂*在0°、3°和5°下为负值,且随着攻角增加绝对值减小,在7°攻角下当折算风速小于15时,A₂*虽然仍为负值但接近于0,当折算风速大于15时转为正值并迅速增大;其他颤振导数在0°、3°和5°下的改变不如A₂*显著,但在7°攻角下有显著变化。分别采用耦合颤振计算和自由振动风洞试验获得了薄平板模型在不同攻角下的颤振临界风速,两者误差小于4.5%,验证了颤振导数的准确性。研究成果也为大跨度桥梁考虑风攻角影响的颤振计算提供了参数。     

UHMWPE/纳米SiO2弹性复合材料的粒子流冲蚀特性研究

采用热压工艺制备了UHMWPE/纳米SiO2弹性复合材料,实验考察了弹性复合材料的冲蚀特性,分析了UHMWPE/SiO2纳米复合材料的冲蚀磨损机理。结果表明：纳米SiO2含量为10%左右时,弹性复合材料的抗冲蚀性能最好,射流冲击角在30°左右时,冲蚀率达到峰值;冲蚀率与射流速度呈指数变化关系, 纳米SiO2含量为10%时,复合材料的冲蚀速度指数n为2.03;水流含沙浓度达到1.92kg/m3以后,材料冲蚀率随含沙浓度的增长趋势开始变得平缓;冲蚀率随沙粒粒径的增大而增大;纳米SiO2含量为10%左右时,弹性复合材料的冲蚀率较纯UHMEPE降低了30%,只有45#钢的1/16。UHMWPE/纳米SiO2弹性合材料的冲蚀机理主要是犁削和唇片的断裂。     

SiC泡沫陶瓷/球墨铸铁双连续相复合材料的气固两相流冲蚀性能

将SiC泡沫陶瓷氧化后用挤压铸造法制备了SiC泡沫陶瓷/球墨铸铁(DI)双连续相复合材料(SiC_foam/DI)。使用气固两相流冲蚀磨损试验机对比研究了冲蚀时间(t)、粒子速度(ν)和冲蚀角度(α)对SiC颗粒/球墨铸铁复合材料(SiC_p/DI)、SiC_foam/DI复合材料和DI冲蚀性能的影响，并分析了冲蚀机理。结果表明：随着冲蚀时间的增加三种材料的冲蚀速率逐渐减小并趋于稳定；随着粒子冲击速度的提高DI的冲蚀速率逐渐增加，冲蚀速率与ν^2.95成正比；在冲击速度小于87.5 m/s时SiC_p/DI和SiC_foam/DI复合材料的冲蚀速率相近，冲击速度大于87.5 m/s时SiC_p/DI复合材料的冲蚀速率明显地比SiC_foam/DI复合材料的高。随着冲蚀角度的增大DI呈现出脆性材料的冲蚀特征，SiC_p/DI和SiC_foam/DI表现出典型的塑性材料的冲蚀特征，最大冲蚀速率对应的冲蚀角为45°。低角度时DI的冲蚀机理为微切削，高角度时为冲蚀坑和微裂纹。用高速粒子冲击时，由于SiC泡沫陶瓷的整体增强作用和阴影保护效应，SiC_foam/DI比SiC_P/DI和DI具有更高的抗冲蚀磨损性能。     

复合陶瓷涂层对碳钢防腐蚀性能的电化学研究

利用电化学阻抗谱法就Al2O3、SiC、ZrO2复合陶瓷涂层对碳钢的防腐蚀性能进行了研究.结果表明:ZrO2复合陶瓷涂层的防腐蚀性能明显高于Al2O3、SiC复合陶瓷涂层.讨论了阻抗谱图特征变化与涂层结构与性能变化的关系.     

陶瓷颗粒增强镍合金复合涂层冲蚀磨损的试验研究

以WC,ZrO₂,Cr₂O₃和Al₂O₃陶瓷颗粒为增强相,镍合金粉末为基体,运用等离子喷涂技术制备四种陶瓷/镍合金复合涂层。采用冲蚀磨损试验机和正交试验方法,进行陶瓷颗粒相浓度、磨粒粒度、冲蚀角和速度对陶瓷颗粒/镍合金复合涂层抗冲蚀磨损性能影响的试验研究。采用表面形状测量仪对陶瓷颗粒/镍合金复合涂层磨损表面形貌进行测量和分析。试验结果得到WC,ZrO₂,Cr₂O₃和Al₂O₃四种陶瓷颗粒/镍合金复合涂层冲蚀磨损率的经验关联式。     

反应等离子喷涂TiC/ Fe-Ni复合涂层及其耐冲蚀性能

以TiFe粉、Ni粉和蔗糖(碳的前驱体)为原料,通过蔗糖的热分解碳化制备Ti-Fe-Ni-C系反应热喷涂复合粉末,并利用等离子喷涂制备了TiC/Fe-Ni复合涂层。复合涂层主要由TiC颗粒均匀分布于(Fe、Ni)固溶体中形成的复合强化片层构成,片层中TiC颗粒呈球形或近球形,粒度为亚微米级和纳米级。TiC/Fe-Ni复合涂层的耐冲蚀磨损性能研究表明：涂层冲蚀失重率随攻角的增大而增加,表现出脆性材料冲蚀特性,但冲蚀失重率对攻角不敏感,涂层具有较好的塑性与硬度的配合;复合涂层的耐冲蚀磨损性能优于相同工艺条件下制备的C_r2C₃/Ni-Cr复合涂层,约为20G钢的2倍以上。     

攻角对空空导弹与载机分离过程的影响

为了保证空空导弹与载机的安全、稳定分离,对不同攻角下空空导弹与载机的分离过程进行研究具有重要意义。基于对计算流体力学控制方程与六自由度（6DOF）外弹道运动方程的耦合求解,对不同攻角下空空导弹与载机的分离过程进行了数值计算。结果表明:攻角对分离流场、导弹气动参数及导弹的运动规律都有影响。攻角阻碍导弹与载机分离,且攻角越大阻碍能力越强,导弹俯仰越剧烈。攻角较小时（α=0°、5°）,导弹能够安全稳定的与载机分离;攻角较大时（α=10°、15°、20°）,导弹与载机间距较小,对导弹的安全稳定分离产生威胁。     

双连续Si3N4/1Cr18Ni9Ti复合材料的制备和冲蚀性能

用凝胶注模和压力铸造两步法制备具有双连续结构的Si₃N₄/1Cr18Ni9Ti复合材料并分析其物相组成、宏观和微观结构,研究了材料的冲蚀率与攻角、流速、含沙量以及时间的关系。结果表明,与1Cr18Ni9Ti材料相比,Si₃N₄/1Cr18Ni9Ti复合材料具有双连续结构,界面结合良好;其冲蚀率随着攻角变化的幅度小,冲蚀率与流速之间的关系由1Cr18Ni9Ti材料的线性关系转变为指数关系(E∝V^0.67),且随着时间的延长冲蚀率降低;冲蚀率与含沙量之间的关系仍呈线性。具有双连续结构的Si₃N₄/1Cr18Ni9Ti复合材料,具有更加优异的耐冲蚀性能。     

耐温耐磨有机硅基复合涂料的冲蚀磨损研究

研究了陶瓷颗粒增强体 ( Si C、Al2 O3)及不同冲蚀条件对有机硅基复合材料涂料 (以下简称有机硅复合涂料 )耐冲蚀性能的影响。发现基体组成、陶瓷颗粒种类、含量及冲蚀条件对有机硅复合涂料耐冲蚀性有很大的影响。合适的选择颗粒增强体 ,复合涂料的冲蚀率较纯有机硅涂料降低了 1～ 2个数量级。SEM冲蚀表面形貌分析表明 :低速冲蚀时涂层的磨损是因塑性变形和疲劳引起 ,而高速冲蚀时则由塑性变形、显微犁耕和显微切削造成。传统的耐温耐磨复合涂料多为纤维增强 ,因此研究开发新型颗粒增强复合涂料有较大的意义。     

UHMWPE-SiC生物摩擦学的特性及机理

为了探索超高分子量聚乙烯（UHMWPE）与碳化硅（SiC）陶瓷组合作为人工关节置换材料的可能性,利用Falex摩擦磨损实验机测定了37℃下UHMWPE与SiC陶瓷摩擦副在血浆润滑条件下的生物摩擦学性能．结果表明,UHMWPE－SiC摩擦副的摩擦系数为0.05;UHMWPE的磨损系数＜8．45×10^-10mm³／N.m．表面轮廓仪对磨损前后SiC陶瓷表面进行测试,未发现明显变化,说明SiC陶瓷磨损甚微．根据XPS分析结果;提出了生物摩擦磨损机理．     

Effect of Permeable Crystalline Material on Steel Reinforcement Corrosion of Concrete

Permeable crystalline materialcan permeate into pores and cracks of concrete and catalyze the reaction between Ca(OH) 2and unhydrated cement to generate a great quantity needle non-soluble crystals, which can stop up the pores and cracks of concrete, and increase the impermeability of concrete. This paper reported the results of a study conducted to evaluate steel reinforcement corrosion of concrete specimens uncoated and coated with permeable crystalline material as well as mixed with the permeable crystalline material. The properties evaluated for corrosion test were water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength and potential. The results of water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength clearly showed that the permeable crystalline material could prohibit water, any soluble salts and moisture from penetrating the concrete to cause corrosion, leaking, and other problems, and it did increase the compressive strength, which was favorable for protection of corrosion of reinforcing steel. Moreover, it was concluded from the potential-time curve that the steel reinforcement of uncoated specimen was in the state of activation whereas that of other specimens coated and mixed with the permeable crystalline material was in the state of inactivation. Above all, it was indicated that the permeable crystalline materialis very effective to protect the steel reinforcement of concrete from corrosion.     

The Research and Application About "Dry Peeling Off" Technology for Airplane Surface Paint Layer

In this paper, the principle of spurting take off lacquer were introduced; and with orthogonal method the unsaturate polyester was prepared ;it was easy to peel airplane paint layer off with this material and equipment.     

Quality Study of Honeycomb Core Shaping Without Wax Stabilization

Sandwich panels utilizing honeycomb cores result in lightweight, high-strength units that are very rigid. Indeed, they give honeycomb panels the best strength-to-weight ratio of any construction type available. Conventionally, the wax is poured into the cell of the core to strengthen the structure and prevent the core from being crushed during milling. Much time and labor is required to wax, mill, and clean the cores. In this study, the process of pouring wax into the core was skipped. In other words, the cutter directly milled the core. Experiments showed that the compressive strength of the core produced without wax stabilization was only 3% lower than that of cores produced using the traditional method. In addition, the drum peel strengths of cores produced without wax stabilization were 38.4% higher than cores produced using the traditional method, in which residual wax seriously polluted the adhesive. It was also found that eliminating the wax process can reduce costs.     

In-process thermal treatment of polylactic acid in fused deposition modelling

Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most widely used open source fused filament fabrication materials due to its ease of extrusion, biodegradability, and mechanical strength. The mechanical strength of PLA largely depends on the proper growth of its semi-crystalline structure, which can be severely impaired by a low rate of crystallization, particularly in open source printers. This can be further aggravated by the non-uniform thermal distribution of heat that causes improper curing among the extruded beads of the printing material. As a result, PLA printed on open source printers does not achieve the best mechanical properties. This research, for the first time, proposes an additive-free solution implemented through a detailed set of experimentation to improve the curing rate through in-process temperature variations to cure the joints among the beads. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is used to confirm the improvements in the bead joints. This work is conducted in two phases of experiments. In the first phase, a full factorial ANOVA is used to investigate various process parameters and the important variables are used in the second phase to print test specimens in four different sets.     

Investigation of the Corrosion Behaviors of HVOF-Sprayed Carbide Cernet Coatings in Molten Al-Zn-Si Alloy Bath

In continuous hot-dip galvanization process the corrosion and chemical stability of the sink roll in the galvanizing bath are important problem which effects on the quality and productivity. In order to protect the sink roll the carbide cermet and/or ceramic coatings were deposited on the surface of the sink roll. The WC-, Cr3 C2-cermet coatings were deposited by high velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) spray, respectively. The coating samples were immersed in molten Zn-alloy containing 50 wt % aluminum at 833 K for 24 hr and 144 hr, respectively. The inter-diffusion and inter-reaction of Zn, Al and elements in coating and corrosion behaviors of these coatings were investigated by XRD, SEM and EPMA etc. The corrosion mechanisms of the carbide cermet coatings and ceramic coatings in molten High Al-Zn-alloy were approached.     

Fundamental study of adhesion of ice to cooling solid surface (Discussion on influence of copper oxide layer on ice adhesion force)

In many situations, ice often adheres to a cooling solid surface, frequently causing serious accidents. It is critical to clarify the mechanism of ice adhesion to the cooling surface in order to prevent ice adhesion. In a past study, the shearing stresses of two kinds of test plates with a copper surface having the higher thermal conductivity were measured. The shearing stress corresponds to ice adhesion force. Both shearing stresses were significantly different; however, the cause remains unclear.Therefore, the present study focuses on an oxide layer as the main factor causing the difference of both shearing stresses; the influence of the oxide layer formed on shearing stress was discussed. And in the removal and reformation processes of the oxide layer, the time variation of the shearing stress was clarified. Moreover, the relationship between the state of the copper surface and the shearing stress was also clarified by surface analysis.     

重塑标准推行格局 推动LED照明的普及（英文）

正When you are enjoying the green,energy-saving and healthy lighting of IKEA LED luminaire,you may not realize that most of IKEA’s LED bulbs are produced by the LED luminaire smart manufacturing system of Hangzhou Zhongwei Photoelectricity CO.,LTD(ZVISION).No longer enclosed in the laboratory,the product standards are brought into the factory workshop and even to the entire production process.Thus,the standards are promoted and applied in a favorable way by enterprises,benefitting consumers with high quality products.     

Chinese Experts Contribute to ISO＇s New Toy Standards

正The international standard,ISO 8124-6,Safety of toys–Part 6:Certain phthalate esters in toys and children’s products,was officially issued by ISO worldwide on August 15.It was the first time for Chinese experts to lead the ISO standard development in toys industry.The standard was drafted by a group of Chinese experts from SAC/TC for toys and relevant Chinese departments and finally completed by a dedicated international group of experts.ISO 8124-6 makes a substantive breakthrough in the aspects of the scope of toys,limitation of plasticizer types,control of test cost,accuracy of test,operation convenience,etc.,offering the operational guidance for toy manufactures and testing laboratories.     

中国质量(北京)大会(英文)

正Themed on"quality,innovation,development",the first China Quality Conference(Beijing)was held in the Great Hall of the People on September 15.Chinese Premier Li Keqiang delivered an important speech at the conference.State Councilor Yang Jing and Wang Yong attended the conference with over 600 domestic and international representatives from foreign,regional and international quality organizations     

National Working Meeting on Land and Resources Standardization

正The National Working Meeting on Land and Resources Standardization was held in Beijing on July 15,2014.Wang Min,the Deputy-Minister of the Ministry of Land and Resources,and Yin Minghan,the Chief-Engineer of SAC addressed the meeting.Representatives from relevant competent departments and technical committees were present.The meeting aims to summarize work,discuss existing problems and make clear working thoughts,promoting standardization work of land and resources to a new level.Wang Min pointed out that the standardization work of land and resources should be centered on the basic principles of"protecting land and resources dutifully,intensively and economically utilizing land and resources,and making all-out efforts to safeguard the public’s rights and interests",highlighted the