鸵鸟油理化性质及脂肪酸组成分析

采用索氏提取法提取了在陕西养殖的鸵鸟油,室温分离得到液体油和固体脂.采用化学方法和气相色谱仪测定了两者常规理化指标和脂肪酸组成.结果表明,鸵鸟液体油和固体脂除碘值外其他理化指标稍有不同,其中脂肪酸组成及含量也有差异.液体油主要含有棕榈酸、油酸和亚油酸等,不饱和脂肪酸含量为63.96%,其中油酸含量最高,达到42.23%;固体脂主要含有棕榈酸、硬脂酸和油酸等,饱和脂肪酸含量为55.93%,其中棕榈酸含量最高,为45.23%.     

澳洲坚果油脂肪酸组成分析

采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对澳洲坚果油中的脂肪酸组成进行分析.结果表明,澳洲坚果油有10种脂肪酸,主要有棕榈油酸、油酸和11-二十烯酸等不饱和脂肪酸(相对含量77.23%)以及月桂酸、肉豆蔻酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、花生酸等饱和脂肪酸(相对含量22.39%),其中油酸相对含量达58.60%.     

山羊油理化特性及脂肪酸组成

以新鲜山羊的羊板油和肾脏油为原料,熬制得到山羊油,测定其主要的理化特性、脂肪酸组成.结果表明:板油的皂化值(KOH)、碘值(I)和折光指数(65 ℃)分别为196.8 mg/g、47.9 g/100 g和1.452 4;肾脏油的皂化值(KOH)、碘值(I)和折光指数(65 ℃)分别为194.7 mg/g、37.8 g/100 g和1.452 0.板油全样脂肪酸中棕榈酸、硬脂酸和油酸的含量分别为18.09%、20.85%和45.54%;肾脏油全样脂肪酸中棕榈酸、硬脂酸和油酸的含量分别为17.06%、34.57%和38.28%.板油Sn-2位脂肪酸中油酸、硬脂酸和棕榈酸的含量分别为64.60%、11.52%和9.84%;肾脏油Sn-2位脂肪酸中油酸、硬脂酸和棕榈酸的含量分别为55.62%、20.70%和12.65%.山羊油中还含有一定量的C17:0和C16:2.     

GC-MS定量检测谷氨酸发酵产酸期细胞膜脂肪酸

采用气相色谱质谱连用法(GC-MS)分析了谷氨酸棒状杆菌的细胞膜中脂肪酸的组分,并用选择离子检测方式(SIM)测定产酸期前后细胞膜脂肪酸含量的变化。结果表明:谷氨酸棒状杆菌细胞膜主要含有肉豆蔻酸、棕榈油酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸和油酸等5种脂肪酸,其中棕榈酸含量最高,棕榈油酸含量最低;另外,在谷氨酸发酵过程中,随着产酸的启动,细胞膜中饱和脂肪酸与不饱和脂肪酸比率呈下降趋势,说明细胞膜中饱和脂肪酸与不饱和脂肪酸的比率与谷氨酸的分泌可能存在一定的关联性。     

驴肉脂肪和脂肪酸组成的分析与评价

本文分析驴肉的脂肪含量,并采用气相色谱法对驴肉的脂肪酸成分及含量进行测定.结果表明,驴肉中粗脂肪含量为5.02%,不饱和脂肪酸含量占脂肪酸含量的,55.8%,饱和脂肪酸占44.2%.脂肪酸中棕榈酸C16:0(55.2%)含量最高,其它由高到低依次为油酸(33.0%)、亚油酸(10.1%),棕榈油酸(8.1%)、硬脂酸(6.7%)、肉豆蔻酸(4.1%)、花生四烯酸(2.0%).驴肉中的脂肪酸能较好地满足人体的营养需求.     

芝麻籽中脂肪酸组成测定及相关性分析北大核心CSCD

对我国不同地区的46份芝麻籽样品进行脂肪酸组成测定,并分析了不同脂肪酸之间的相关性。亚油酸和油酸是芝麻籽中的主要脂肪酸,平均含量分别为45.40%和39.56%。芝麻籽中不饱和脂肪酸平均含量达到85.45%。亚油酸、油酸、棕榈酸和硬脂酸的含量分别为41.72%~48.51%,35.49%~43.60%、7.44%~10.39%和4.52%~6.00%。油酸含量与亚油酸含量呈极显著负相关,棕榈酸含量与硬脂酸含量呈显著负相关,与油酸、亚麻酸含量和花生酸含量呈极显著负相关,而与亚油酸含量呈极显著正相关。     

芝麻籽中脂肪酸组成测定及相关性分析

对我国不同地区的46份芝麻籽样品进行脂肪酸组成测定,并分析了不同脂肪酸之间的相关性。亚油酸和油酸是芝麻籽中的主要脂肪酸,平均含量分别为45.40%和39.56%。芝麻籽中不饱和脂肪酸平均含量达到85.45%。亚油酸、油酸、棕榈酸和硬脂酸的含量分别为41.72%~48.51%,35.49%~43.60%、7.44%~10.39%和4.52%~6.00%。油酸含量与亚油酸含量呈极显著负相关,棕榈酸含量与硬脂酸含量呈显著负相关,与油酸、亚麻酸含量和花生酸含量呈极显著负相关,而与亚油酸含量呈极显著正相关。     

反复冻融对缠丝兔加工过程中脂肪酸含量变化的影响

以反复冻融兔肉为原料,分析缠丝兔加工过程中的脂肪酸含量变化。结果表明：与新鲜原料兔肉对照,随着冻融次数增加,反复冻融原料兔肉及其腌制后和烘烤后的脂肪含量显著降低,硫代巴比妥酸值显著增加（P＜0.05）;原料兔肉检测出棕榈酸（C16∶0）、亚油酸（C18∶2）等脂肪酸,在缠丝兔加工过程中,脂肪降解产生了油酸（C18∶1）;反复冻融兔肉在腌制和烘烤后的脂肪酸也呈显著性变化（P＜0.05）;5 次冻融原料的缠丝兔脂肪含量最低（0.023 8%）、硫代巴比妥酸值最高（0.216 8 mg/kg）。表明兔肉反复冻融对缠丝兔的脂肪酸含量影响显著。     

气相色谱法测定薏仁米脂肪酸组成

采用气相色谱法测定薏仁米中的脂肪酸组成。结果表明:贵州省A地区和B地区的薏仁米中,含量较高的脂肪酸为油酸、亚油酸、棕榈酸和硬脂酸,其含量分别为:A地区油酸(49.815%)、亚油酸(32.449%)、棕榈酸(12.234%)及硬脂酸(2.080%);B地区油酸(50.402%)、亚油酸(33.238%)、棕榈酸(12.389%)及硬脂酸(1.984%)。其中A、B两个地区的薏仁米的不饱和脂肪酸相对含量分别高达83.726%、84.996%。     

肉制品中脂肪和脂肪酸的分析

采用氯仿—甲醇法提取脂肪,气相色谱法分析脂肪酸组成及相对含量。对7种肉制品的测定结果表明,样品脂肪含量范围为4.4％～26.8％。共检出12种脂肪酸,主要脂肪酸为棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸。其中油酸含量最高,为41.％～48.8％。样品中不饱和脂肪酸总量均大于饱和脂肪酸。     

兔肉营养特点与人体健康

文章从我国居民营养素摄入现状出发,对近年来国内外兔肉营养成分的研究进行了综述,重点阐述了其脂肪酸的组成、胆固醇、氨基酸和矿物质的含量等,特别是它高蛋白质、低胆固醇、低热量、高比例的多不饱和脂肪酸、高赖氨酸、高钾低钠、高维生素B12的特点,是一种符合我国居民现代需求的优质肉品。     

NaCl对腌制兔肉食用品质的影响

本文分别以质量分数0%、3%、6%、9%、12%、15%的NaCl将兔肉腌制处理48 h后,探讨不同添加量的NaCl对腌制兔肉加工品质和脂质氧化的影响。结果显示,随着NaCl添加量增加,腌制后兔肉pH、蒸煮损失率、亮度值（L*）、红度值（a*）、黄度值（b*）均有所降低,而兔肉的硬度、内聚性、胶着性和咀嚼性依次升高,弹性呈现先增大后降低的趋势,在3%的NaCl添加量时兔肉弹性最大。NaCl对兔肉中脂质氧化也有较大的影响,兔肉过氧化值（POV）和硫代巴比妥酸反应物值（TBARS）都随着NaCl添加量的增大呈现上升的趋势,且在添加量为9%达到最大值,之后随着添加量增大会略微降低;兔肉在腌制后脂肪酸营养价值会有所降低,其中饱和脂肪酸（SFA）含量总体上升,多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）含量降低,而单不饱和脂肪酸（MUFA）含量变化不大,n-6/n-3比值和PUFA/SFA比值下降。总体而言,NaCl的适量添加（0%~6%）会改善兔肉质构特性,增强保水能力,但会加速脂质氧化。     

发酵剂对兔肉脯游离脂肪酸变化的影响

将兔肉糜中接种植物乳杆菌（Lactobacillus plantarum）、木糖葡萄球菌（Staphylococcus xylosus）、汉逊氏德巴利酵母（Dabaryomyces hansenii）,发酵及烘烤制成兔肉脯,研究3 种不同菌种接种发酵处理对兔肉脯中游离脂肪酸变化的影响,结果表明：总的游离脂肪酸含量均高于非接种菌组,其含量由高到低分别为葡萄球菌处理组＞酵母菌处理组＞植物乳杆菌处理组,说明添加的发酵剂促进了兔肉脯中脂肪的分解,而且它们在兔肉脯中分解产生游离脂肪酸的能力依次递减,各种脂肪酸的含量各有增减,说明不同的发酵剂对其作用不同。进一步研究3 种菌复合发酵处理对兔肉脯中游离脂肪酸影响情况,结果表明其总的游离脂肪酸含量及各种脂肪酸含量均高于单一菌接种组,说明3 种菌的复合发酵分解产生游离脂肪酸的能力较强。     

Lipid and fatty acid composition of rabbit meat: Part 1.-Apolar fraction

The apolar lipid contents and the fatty acid composition of meat from two rabbit breeds (New Zealand white and commercial hybrid HYLA) fed two commercial diets of different protein and crude fibre levels have been studied. The total and apolar lipid content of meat from both rabbit breeds ranged from 4·9 to 10·5% (wet weight). The individual lipid classes of the apolar fraction are described. Triglycerides accounted for more than 80% of total apolar lipids. The fat from rabbit meat is comparatively richer in palmitic acid (about 40% being always the major fatty acid), in linoleic acid and in myristic acid and poorer in stearic acid than other meats. Although differences in the fatty acid compositions of meat were observed, only clear influences of age, sex, breed, and/or feeding on the fatty acids C-16:0, C-18:0 and C-18:2 of total and apolar lipids were found.     

Lipid and fatty acid composition of rabbit meat: Part 2.-Phospholipids

The phospholipid contents (and their fatty acid composition) of the meat of two rabbit breeds (New Zealand white and the commercial hybrid HYLA) fed with two commercial diets of different protein and fibre contents, have been determined. The phospholipid contents in the meat of both rabbit breeds ranged from 9% to 19% total lipid. In this fraction seven different phospholipid classes were detected but phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatididylethanolamine (PE) had average percentages of 50 and 20 of the total phospholipids. The major fatty acids of both phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine were C-16:0, C-18:0, C-18:1 and C-18:2, these together representing more than 70% of the total fatty acids. In general, the PC had an higher saturated fatty acid content than PE, which had a lower percentage of C-16:0 but higher C-20:4. Although differences in the fatty acid composition of the phospholipid fractions of the rabbit meat were observed, the only clear influences of age, sex, breed, and/or feeding were found with the C-16:0, C-18:0 and C-18:2 fatty acids.     

不同品种兔肉营养成分与质构比较研究

为丰富我国兔肉营养数据库,测定并分析四川、山东两地伊拉兔、伊高乐兔和伊普吕兔肉的水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、灰分、矿物质、氨基酸和脂肪酸等营养成分组成及含量以及硬度、弹性、胶着性等质构指标差异。结果表明：不同地区和品种兔肉的水分、蛋白质和脂肪含量存在显著差异（P＜0.05）,其中山东地区伊高乐兔肉水分含量最低、蛋白质含量最高,四川地区伊拉兔肉脂肪含量最低;不同地区和品种兔肉灰分、矿物质含量以及脂肪酸、氨基酸组成与含量无明显差异;山东地区伊高乐兔肉硬度低、弹性好、咀嚼性高,口感最好,四川地区伊普吕兔肉硬度高、胶着性高,口感最差。兔肉的营养成分与质构特性存在品种和地区差异,山东地区伊高乐兔肉营养成分和质构特性优于其他5种兔肉。     

Composition of meat and offal from weaned and fattened rabbits and results of stereospecific analysis of triacylglycerols and phosphatidylcholines

BACKGROUND: Rabbit meat has excellent nutritive properties. The purpose of this study was to characterize rabbit meat and offal; in particular, the lipid fraction was studied in order to evaluate total and positional fatty acid (FA) compositions of triacylglycerol (TAG) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) fractions. Eight samples of weaned and eight of fattened rabbits were considered. RESULTS: Fattened rabbit meat contained slightly higher protein percentage content (P < 0.05) in comparison to weaned (20.1% versus 18.0%). Calcium content was higher in meat than in offal, unlike sodium, iron, zinc, manganese and copper. The cholesterol content in offal was much higher than in meat. FA profiles of total lipid showed a high percentage of unsaturated fatty acids and an n‐6/n‐3 ratio of 10.3 for fattened rabbit meat. Stereospecific analysis of TAG and PC was carried out on an eight‐sample pool of each meat and offal from weaned and fattened rabbits. In all samples the sn‐2‐position was prevalently esterified with oleic and linoleic acids in TAG, with polyunsaturated fatty acids in PC. CONCLUSION: Lipids from rabbit meat presented higher content of monounsaturated FA and lower n‐6/n‐3 ratio in comparison to offal, which was characterized by higher cholesterol and mineral levels. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

Effect of fat-enriched diets on rabbit meat fatty acid composition

The effects of beef tallow-, soya and sunflower olein- and soya bean oil-enriched (3%) diets on the chemical and fatty acid composition of total, a polar and polar lipids of rabbit meat have been studied. No significant differences (P > 0.05) in the meat chemical composition were observed between groups. However, a large effect of the diet on the total and apolar lipid fatty acids was found, with C18:1 and C18:2 the most affected fatty acids. The influence of the diets on the fatty acids of the polar fraction was less marked. It is concluded that the enrichment of the rabbit diet with either soya and sunflower oleins or soya bean oil allows the production of rabbit meat with a higher unsaturation degree than is obtained by using conventional diets, which constitutes an important nutritional benefit to the human being.     

Effect of a linseed diet on lipid oxidation, fatty acid composition of muscle, perirenal fat, and raw and cooked rabbit meat

Forty Californian×New Zealand rabbits (1kg initial body weight) were fed a control or a linseed isoenergetic diet containing 30g of extruded linseed/kg. Twenty rabbits for each dietary treatment were slaughtered at 11 weeks of age, at 35 days after the start of the experiment. Feeding the linseed diet increased (P<0.005) the content of 18:2n-3 in muscles, perirenal fat, and raw and cooked meat. The long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) contents were also increased (P<0.01) in the meat. The linseed diet produced a robust decrease in the n-6/n-3 ratio. Cooking did not alter n-3 PUFA more than saturated fatty acids (SFA) or monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA). However, n-6 PUFA were altered by cooking. The oxidative stability of Longissimus dorsi was not affected by the linseed diet, even after 300min of forced-oxidation. Inclusion of linseed in rabbit diets is a valid method of improving the nutritional value of rabbit meat.