一株漆酶产生菌的筛选与发酵条件研究

从草丛间土壤中筛选得到一株产漆酶的丝状真菌,该菌株能在PDA—Bavendamm培养基上形成褐色轮环,初步鉴定为木霉属,命名为Z-3。通过对碳源、氮源、温度、pH、装液量、接种量进行单因素试验,然后对该菌株的发酵条件进行正交优化,发酵培养基为：马铃薯去皮20．0％,葡萄糖2．5％,酵母膏0．3％,MgSO4·7H2O0．25％,KH2PO40．3％,VB 10．01％,pH6．0。在接种量10％,装液量20％,转速为120rpm,温度为27℃,发酵时间72h后酶活达到1．576U／mL。     

Thermobifida fusca WSH03-11突变株合成角质酶的发酵条件

以放线菌Thermobifida fusca WSH03—11——高产角质酶突变株为出发菌株，在摇瓶中考察了碳、氮源等条件以及接种量、装液量和初始pH值等环境条件对突变株细胞生长和产角质酶的影响。通过优化发酵条件，突变菌株的角质酶酶活达10．1U／mL，提高了15％。在此基础上，在5L发酵罐中进一步研究了碳源流加对突变株发酵产酶的影响，结果发现，分别在0、24、48h添加1％乙醇，角质酶酶活达到16．4U／mL，细胞干重（DCW）达到3．7g／L，而且发酵时间也由110h缩短到50h。     

响应面优化微泡菌ALW1产褐藻胶裂解酶的发酵条件

采用单因素和响应面法对产褐藻胶裂解酶菌种Microbulbifer sp.ALW1发酵产酶的培养条件进行优化.通过单因素实验,得到发酵条件如下:培养基初始pH 7.5,接种量5％,装液量50 mL,温度25℃,最大酶活力达到117.1 U/mL.在单因素实验的基础上,通过Box-Behnken设计和响应面分析,得到最佳的发酵培养条件:培养基初始pH 8.0,接种量6.5％,装液量50mL,温度23℃,褐藻胶裂解酶活力达到130 U/mL,比基础培养条件下提高16.5％.     

假单胞菌B41产果胶酶发酵条件的研究

对假单胞菌B41发酵产果胶酶培养基和发酵培养条件进行了优化。经单因素和正交试验得到最优发酵培养基组成为桔皮粉20．0g／L,蛋白胨10．0g／L,FeSO40．5g／L,初始pH值5．5。最佳发酵条件为装液量50mL,接种量2％,发酵温度30％,发酵时间32h。在此优化条件下,果胶酶活力为739U／mL。     

棒曲霉GM-69深层发酵生产木聚糖酶的研究

报道了发酵条件对棒曲霉GM-69产木聚糖酶的影响，并用50L发酵罐进行了深层发酵试验。确定产酶摇瓶培养的最佳条件：培养时间为72h，温度为28℃，培养基起始pH为3．8，接种量为5％(V／V)，转速为250r／min，装液量为90mL／500mL三角瓶。其酶活力最高362IU／mL，平均为343IU／mL，比培养条件优化前增加了55．6％。50L发酵罐发酵最佳条件：转速为400r／min，通风量为1：0．6～1，罐压为0．08Mpa，装量为700，发酵周期为72h，温度28℃，培养基起始pH3．8，接种量5％(V/V)，酶活力平均为351IU／mL。     

大豆异黄酮β-葡萄糖苷酶产生菌的选育及产酶条件研究

以豆豉为材料筛选产大豆异黄酮β-葡萄糖苷酶的菌株为出发菌，通过UV和LiCl诱变育种，利用单因素和正交试验进行产酶条件研究，确定最佳工艺条件为：黄豆粉1％，酵母膏1％，麸皮2％，KH2P040．1％，NaCl0．5％，起始pH值7．5，装液量30mL／300mL，发酵时问48h，发酵温度37℃，转速70r／min。测得酶活为5．49U／mL。     

安卡红曲霉液态发酵产色素及糖化酶的研究

对1株红曲霉(Monascus anka sp.)液态发酵产色素及糖化酶的培养条件进行了优化。研究了碳源、氮源、装液量、接种量等因素对色素积累及糖化酶活力的影响。并通过正交试验确定了最佳培养条件:甘油10%,蛋白胨1.5%,温度32℃,初始pH5.75,接种量6%,装液量75mL/500mL,种龄5d。验证实验表明,以色价最佳组合条件发酵时,发酵液色价达到263.5U/mL;以糖化酶活最佳组合条件发酵时,酶活达到409.6U/mL;以色价和糖化酶活力最佳组合条件发酵时,发酵液色价为260.3U/mL,糖化酶活为404.0U/mL。     

枯草芽孢杆菌工程菌株产普鲁兰酶发酵条件的优化

利用基因工程手段获得的产长野芽孢杆菌普鲁兰酶的枯草芽孢杆菌基因工程菌株WB600/pWB-pulB,通过单因素筛选及正交试验进行发酵培养基优化,得到产酶最佳配方为玉米淀粉3.0％,酵母膏20％,CaCl20.03％,Na2HPO41.0％.同时对重组菌株摇瓶条件下液体发酵的主要影响因素初始pH、接种量、装液量、转速、温度等进行探讨,确定了产酶最佳培养条件为,以3％接种量接种于优化后培养基,初始pH7.0,装液量30 mL/250 mL,37℃,200 r/min摇床培养36 h.在此优化条件下,普鲁兰酶活力达到20.16 U/mL,是之前研究结果(10.94 U/mL)的1.84倍.     

海洋弧菌Vibrio sp.pro1产碱性蛋白酶发酵条件的研究

对一株产碱性蛋白酶海洋弧菌(Vibrio sp.pro1)的发酵条件进行了单因素和正交试验,研究了不同碳源、无机氮源、pH值、温度、装液量、接种量等对产酶的影响。结果表明,液体培养基最佳组成为蛋白胨5.0g/L,酵母膏1.0g/L,硝酸钾0.6g/L,氯化镁4.0g/L。摇瓶培养的最佳条件为初始pH值为8.5,发酵温度33℃,装液量40.0mL,接种量2.0mL,优化后产酶量提高了6.3倍。     

紫色红曲霉液态发酵产糖化酶的工艺研究

通过培养基和发酵条件的优化提高紫色红曲霉G6液态发酵产糖化酶活力。研究接种菌龄、碳源、氮源、金属离子、培养基初始pH、接种量、装液量、摇床转速以及温度等对产酶的影响。结果表明,最佳培养基配方(w/v)为大米粉8%,蛋白胨1%,KCl0.1%,ZnSO_40.01%,FeSO_40.005%,MnSO40.015%,培养基初始pH为4.0;最适发酵条件:装液量50mL/250mL,转速150r/min,温度32℃,接种量12%(v/v);在此条件下发酵10d,糖化酶活力为1652.36U/mL比优化前(109.54U/mL)提高了14.08倍。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Influence des ions sur le pouvoir hydratant de l'ure e: e tude sur peau de porc ex vivo

This study deals with the influence of ions (NaCl and MgSO4) in a W/O emulsion containing 10% urea. Moisturization kinetics are assessed by corneometry on pig skin ex vivo. The formula's influence on urea penetration is measured by infrared spectrometry with an ATR device and the stripping method. Corneometry and spectroscopy were chosen to record simultaneously the hydratation levels and urea localization into superficial cell layers. Urea crystallization after evaporation of emulsions and aqueous solutions is described. Results show that urea does not hydrate nor penetrate when applied to the skin through an aqueous gel. In a W/O emulsion, sodium chloride increases the ability of urea to moisturize without improving penetration. In vitro urea crystallization is disturbed by sodium chloride or magnesium sulphate for solutions and emulsions. This stabilization by ions is correlated with good moisturization values. The stabilization of urea in the solute state provided by ions increases its water epidermal binding capacity without enhancing penetration.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Analysis on Economic Indicators from 62 Enterprises in Printing Machinery Industry in Q1 2014

Operation of printing machine industry was still unsatisfactory in the first quarter of 2014.Analysis on operation of printing machine industry.a.Market demand was not strong;sales of product undulated and declined.According to the statistics,the total industrial output value fell by 19.28% in the first quarter of 2014 than the average quarter value in 2013; industrial added value decreased by 4.16%; sales revenue dropped by 22.83%. h. Business operation of enterprises was in poor condition. c. R＆D of new products is an important transformation guarantee for enterprises. d. To take self explore new ways upgrading advantages,and explore new ways.