离子色谱法测定婴幼儿米粉中硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐

建立婴幼儿米粉中硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐的在线超滤-离子色谱测定方法。样品经超声提取,3%乙酸沉淀蛋白质后,低温离心,取上清液依次过C_(18)小柱,Ag柱、Na柱,经在线超滤装置自动净化样品,由电导检测器检测样品中的硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐含量。硝酸盐(以NO_3~-计)和亚硝酸盐(以NO_2~-计)分别在0.10 mg/L~2.0 mg/L和0.010 mg/L~0.20 mg/L的范围内线性良好,相关系数R~2均大于0.999 9。方法的硝酸盐(以NO3-计)检出限为0.2 mg/kg,亚硝酸盐(以NO_2~-计)检出限为0.1 mg/kg,硝酸盐回收率为89.8%~96.1%,亚硝酸盐回收率为89.5%~96.0%。此法所获得结果准确可靠,重复性良好,实现对婴幼儿米粉中硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐的准确定量分析。     

离子色谱法对乳与乳制品中亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐含量测定的方法改进及探讨

改进国家标准GB5009.33-2016《食品安全国家标准食品中亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐的测定》中离子色谱法测定乳制品中(乳粉、生牛乳、乳饮料等)亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐的方法。乳制品中硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐经水提取后,加入乙酸溶液或乙腈沉淀蛋白(含乳饮料如优酸乳类使用乙腈作为沉淀剂),AS 11-HC色谱柱分离,电导检测器检测。在上述条件下,亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐的线性良好,亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐的检出限均满足国标限量要求。该法优化了国标检测方法的条件,解决了其中可能遇到的一些问题,可以更加快速、准确地检测乳制品中低浓度亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐的含量。     

婴幼儿米粉中硝酸盐及亚硝酸盐测定方法的改进

大量实验表明,在采用国标GB 5009.33测定婴幼儿米粉硝酸盐及亚硝酸盐的过程中,由于样品自身的特性,米粉产生糊化,硝酸盐及亚硝酸盐容易被包裹导致样品提取不完全、过滤速度慢、滤液浑浊、回收率低等问题的发生。实验对此进行了方法的改进优化,通过α-淀粉酶水解淀粉后再进行提取,建立了适合婴幼儿米粉中硝酸盐及亚硝酸盐的检测方法。结果表明:方法准确度、精密度均能满足检测方法确认的技术要求,同时也解决了使用国标检测婴幼儿米粉中硝酸盐及亚硝酸盐含量存在的困扰。     

离子色谱法测定香肠中的亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐

建立了离子色谱-电导检测法测定香肠中亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐的分析方法。样品经过亚铁氰化钾溶液和乙酸锌溶液沉淀蛋白质后,离心取其上清液依次过C18柱、Ag柱和Na柱净化后,以氢氧化钾为淋洗液,经DIONEX IonPacTM AS11-HC(4 mm×250 mm)阴离子柱分离,采用DIONEX AERS 500(4mm)阴离子抑制器和电导检测器检测,优化色谱条件后检测样品中亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐的含量。结果表明:亚硝酸盐浓度在0.1~2mg/L、硝酸盐浓度在0.2~8mg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数R2均大于0.9998。该方法亚硝酸盐的检出限为0.1mg/kg,硝酸盐的检出限为0.2mg/kg。亚硝酸盐的回收率在96.8%~99.9%,硝酸盐的回收率在98.8%~99.3%。亚硝酸盐的相对标准偏差RSD在0.79%~1.2%,硝酸盐的相对标准偏差RSD在0.26%~2.2%。离子色谱法测定亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐具有方法简便、重现性好、灵敏度高、检测数据准确可靠的特点。     

固相萃取-液相色谱法测定水果中的氨基甲酸酯与有机磷农药

建立了固相萃取-高效液相色谱同时测定水果中4种氨基甲酸酯与一种有机磷的方法.对提取溶剂、固相萃取柱种类、洗脱剂类型和用量及检测的色谱条件进行筛选和优化.样品经乙腈超声提取,弗罗里硅土固相萃取柱净化,净化后的样品采用液相色谱柱分离,以甲醇:水(体积比70∶ 30)为流动相,紫外检测波长为210nm,流速1.0mL/min...     

离子色谱法检测熟肉制品中亚硝酸盐含量的影响因素分析

目的:探讨离子色谱法检测熟肉制品中亚硝酸盐含量的影响因素。方法:样品提取净化后,用离子色谱法测定,对峰面积进行定量。结果:样品提取条件为40℃超声提取30 min,色谱检测条件是4.5 mmol/L Na2CO3+0.8 mmol/L Na HCO3缓冲液,流速为1.2 m L/min,进样体积为50μL,相关系数0.9932,线性范围0.1~20 mg/L,检出限0.02 mg/L,回收率在97%~99%之间,相对标准偏差RSD小于5%。结论:所测结果准确可靠,灵敏度高,重现性好,适用于熟肉制品中亚硝酸盐含量的检测。     

离子色谱法测定食品中硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐

目的建立同时测定食品中硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐的离子色谱方法。方法采用超声提取、固相萃取柱净化的方法对试样进行前处理,高容量阴离子交换色谱枉分离,抑制型电导检测器检测。结果亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐的检出限分别为0.005mg／L和0.008mg／L。回收率均在80％以上,RSD小于10％。结论该方法简便快捷、准确可靠,适用于多种食品基质中亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐的分析。     

离子色谱法测定FAPAS比对肉粉样品中亚硝酸盐、硝酸盐含量

为建立离子色谱法测定肉粉样品中亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐含量的方法,将样品经超声和水浴提取后,经阳离子 交换树脂柱净化,以氢氧化钾为淋洗液,经Dionex IonPacTMAS19阴离子柱分离,采用AERS 500（4 mm）阴离子抑 制器、电导检测器进行检测,标准曲线定量。结果表明：亚硝酸根离子在质量浓度0.10～4.00 mg/L、硝酸根离子在 质量浓度0.50～20.00 mg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均为0.999 9;样品中亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐的平均回收率分 别为99.53%（n=9）和99.29%（n=9）,相对标准偏差分别为0.60%和0.25%。本次比对结果为“满意”,表明本方 法科学、可靠,适用于基质复杂的熟肉制品中亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐的测定。     

离子色谱法测定婴幼儿配方米粉中硫氰酸钠

建立了一种简单、快捷测定婴幼儿配方米粉中硫氰酸钠的离子色谱分析方法。样品用水提取后使用甲醇沉淀淀粉类杂质,离心后取上清液过On Guard RP柱净化后,经Ion Pac AS16离子色谱柱（含AG16保护住）分离,用KOH淋洗液自动发生器进行梯度淋洗,抑制器采用外加水模式,电导检测器检测。结果表明硫氰酸钠在0.010～10.0 mg/L范围内线性关系良好（相关系数R2为0.999 0）,方法的检出限为0.27 mg/kg,定量限为0.9 mg/kg,回收率为80.5%～98.1%,日内精密度试验相对标准偏差（RSD）（n=5）为1.8%～4.7%,日间精密度试验RSD（n=5）＜5%。将该方法应用于20个样品的检测,其中5个样品检出硫氰酸钠,含量0.95～2.04 mg/kg。该方法具有净化效果好、定量准确、灵敏快速的特点,适用于婴幼儿配方米粉中硫氰酸钠的检测。     

离子色谱-串联质谱检测牛奶和婴幼儿配方乳粉中的氯酸盐和高氯酸盐

为建立高效阴离子交换色谱-串联质谱法检测牛乳和婴儿配方粉中高氯酸盐和氯酸盐的方法,通过优化沉淀蛋白试剂和婴儿配方粉的纯化条件,用乙腈沉淀蛋白,离子色谱前处理柱净化上清液,使用Dionex IonPac AS19高效阴离子色谱柱分离,以氢氧化钾淋洗液进行梯度洗脱,流速0.35 mL/min,进样体积50 μL,柱温 30 ℃,采用质谱检测器检测。结果表明:在该试验条件下,高氯酸盐和氯酸盐能够很好地分离,且在较宽的浓度范围与其对应的定量离子峰面积呈良好的线性关系(R2>0.999)。高氯酸盐和氯酸盐的检出限分别为7 ng/L和1.7 ng/L,定量限分别为20 ng/L和5 ng/L。牛乳和婴儿配方粉的加标回收率在 88.95%~102.33%范围,RSD在1.86%~3.21%范围。该方法样品处理简单,具有较低的检出限与定量限,较好的稳定性,良好的重复性与回收率,能广泛用于牛奶及婴幼儿配方奶粉的检测。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.