YE专用高蛋白高RNA酵母菌株的筛选及鉴定

为筛选适合生产酵母抽提物(Yeast extract,YE)的高蛋白、高RNA酵母菌株,对来自安琪酵母公司野外采集保藏的酵母菌进行摇瓶活化、稀释涂布和划线纯化,获得酵母菌150株。通过摇瓶培养进行初筛,得到5株高蛋白、高RNA酵母。经过30 L小试发酵复筛,获得1株酵母菌株J-5。该酵母菌发酵后蛋白质含量平均达59.4%,RNA含量达9.86%,干重41.58 g/L。并对菌株J-5发酵活力、海藻糖含量测定,结果表明该菌株发酵活力、海藻糖积累量均较低,为酵母抽提物生产优良菌株。通过形态学、生理生化及26S r DNA序列同源性分析,初步鉴定菌株J-5为酵母属酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)。     

家用果酒酿酒器的设计及果酒发酵工艺

针对目前市场上家用酿酒器及果酒酿造工艺的不完善。通过选育高效果酒发酵酵母菌、控制等技术,设计一款低功率、操作简单的家用型果酒酿酒器,并选育出一株高效性酵母菌。家用果酒酿酒器主要由温度控制、搅拌等系统组成。通过优化酵母选育工艺并对比市面上销售的发酵酵母的发酵性能,说明了自主筛选酵母在高糖条件下的发酵优越性。通过试验验证设备及酿酒工艺的稳定性,并将果酒酿酒周期缩短至7 d。该装置及工艺弥补了国内外家用果酒酿酒的不足,具有显著效益。     

酱香型酒糟醅酵母菌的初步分类及选育

对酱香型酒糟醅中的酵母菌进行了初步分类和优育酵母菌株的选育,结果表明:①酱香型酒糟中的酵母可分为5类,以2类和3类酵母最多,其次是4类酵母,1类和5类酵母均很少.②从3类酵母中选育出了5株发酵力强的菌株,其中5S26和5S32耐酒精能力达19%vol,5S4在温度为46℃水浴中处理48h,仍能良好地生长.③选育出的5S32酵母在主要酿酒原料(玉米、高粱、大米、红薯和小麦)糖化液中均表现出较强的发酵力.     

固相微萃取和气-质联用技术对酵母麦芽汁发酵液的挥发性成分研究

采用固相微萃取和气-质联用技术检测酵母麦芽汁发酵液的挥发性成分,为香肠选育微生物发酵剂。从传统发酵食品腊鱼、腊肠以及豆豉中分离筛选到5株产香酵母菌,初步鉴定2株菌为汉逊德巴利氏酵母,3株菌为异常威克汉姆酵母。采用固相微萃取和气-质联用技术分析这5株酵母麦芽汁发酵液的挥发性成分。最终筛选出2株产生挥发性成分较多的酵母菌Y4-1和Y12-3,对这2株酵母进行耐盐性、亚硝酸盐耐受性、耐酸性发酵适应性试验。实验结果表明,这5株酵母菌的麦芽汁发酵液中主要挥发性成分为醇类和酯类,种类和组成差异较大。不同属的酵母具有良好的耐盐、耐亚硝酸盐和耐酸性,有望将其开发成为香肠的新型发酵剂。     

固定化酵母的选育及在木薯浓醪发酵生产燃料乙醇中的性能对比

对固定化酵母进行选育,得到3株酿酒酵母编号分别为SLS、SYA、SJY和1株自絮凝酵母FJY。以木薯为原料,对固定化酵母浓醪发酵生产燃料乙醇的性能进行对比,结果表明,自絮凝酵母菌株FJY的乙醇生产能力最高,在发酵86 h后,最终酒精分达到15.7%vol,残总糖1.35%,甘油产量比其他3株酵母菌株低20%。     

酵母耐乙醇性状及提高其耐性的途径

提高酵母耐乙醇能力的途径:１．用诱变的方法对酵母进行遗传育变。２．原生质体融合技术。３．杂交技术。４．在高浓麦汁啤酒发酵酵母选育中,将耐乙醇发酵酵母菌株在低于最低乙醇抑制浓度里移接到抑止区乙醇浓度中培养,长期反复进行,可获得较好的啤酒高浓度发酵耐性酵母变...     

传统发酵食品产香酵母菌的筛选及其发酵产香特性研究

为选育salami香肠肉用微生物发酵剂,从传统发酵食品腊鱼、腊肠以及豆豉中分离筛选到5株产香酵母菌。结合形态学和酵母菌26S r DNAD1/D2区序列分析,初步鉴定2株菌为汉逊德巴利氏酵母,3株菌为异常威克汉姆酵母。采用固相微萃取和气-质联用技术分析这5株酵母麦芽汁发酵液的挥发性成分,结果表明,这5株酵母菌的麦芽汁发酵液中主要挥发性成分为醇类和酯类,种类和组成差异较大。最终筛选出2株产生挥发性成分较多的酵母菌Y4-1和Y12-3,对这2株酵母进行耐盐性、亚硝酸盐耐受性、耐酸性发酵适应性试验,结果表明这2株不同属的酵母具有良好的耐盐、耐亚硝酸盐和耐酸性,有望将其开发成为萨拉米香肠的新型发酵剂。     

朝鲜族传统大酱中酵母菌的分离及其产酶特性分析

为了研究朝鲜族传统大酱的功能特性和酵母菌在发酵豆酱的功能作用,以不同地区的26种自然发酵的朝鲜族传统大酱为样品,对大酱中酵母菌进行筛选、分离、纯化并对分离菌株进行了产酶特性分析。结果显示:从26种样品中共筛选出103株酵母菌菌株,其中53株产纤维素酶、66株产β-葡萄糖苷酶、47株产脂肪酶;通过18S r RNA基因序列分析对代表菌株进行鉴定,鉴定出三种类别酵母菌,分别为汉逊德巴利酵母、近平滑假丝酵母及鲁氏酵母。     

宁夏产区酿酒葡萄酵母菌初步分类鉴定及多样性研究

通过对从宁夏产区的葡萄园土壤、葡萄果实表皮以及葡萄酒发酵过程中获得的729株野生酵母菌株进行初步分离、形态学鉴定,并运用显微镜摄像技术和利用WL营养琼脂培养基对酵母菌进行聚类分析,最终确定为16个酵母类型。进而确定宁夏产区的葡萄酒相关酵母菌的生物多样性,为地方特色葡萄酒酵母菌的筛选和选育提供理论基础和研究依据。     

固定化酵母的选育及在木薯浓醪发酵生产燃料乙醇中的性能对比

通过对固定化酵母的选育,得到三株酿酒酵母编号分别是SLS、SYA、SJY和一株自絮凝酵母FJY。以木薯为原料,对固定化酵母浓醪发酵生产燃料乙醇的性能进行对比,结果表明自絮凝酵母菌株FJY的乙醇生产能力最高,在发酵86h后,最终酒精分达到15.7%v/v,残总糖1.35%,甘油产量比其他三株酵母菌株低20%。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.