烤烟新品种豫烟四号的选育及特征特性

烤烟新品种豫烟四号(6614)是以许金一号为母本,Coker176为父本,用系谱法选育而成。2006年3月通过全国烟草品种审定委员会审定。经过多年多点试验,其主要农艺性状稳定,田间生长整齐一致,田间自然株高135.6cm,打顶株高90.78cm,有效叶20-22片,腰叶长58-65cm,腰叶宽30-35cm,叶形宽椭圆,叶面较平,叶片厚薄适中,着生均匀。花序紧凑,花色淡红色。田间生长势强,大田生育期110-113d,抗黑胫病、中抗根结线虫病、黄瓜花叶病,感赤星病。耐旱、耐瘠薄,田间叶片分层落黄,易烤。烤后原烟颜色橘黄,油分较多,色度较强,结构疏松,叶片厚度适中。总糖含量23.72%,还原糖19.37%,烟碱2.82%,总氮1.8%,蛋白质8.19%,钾含量1.23%,主要成分含量适宜,内在化学成分协调。平均产量2273.83kg/hm2左右,均价7.01元/kg,上等烟比例21.86%。产值15909.22元/hm2。综合性状优于对照NC89。     

烤烟新品种云烟87的选育及特征特性

烤烟新品种云烟87是用云烟2号为母本,K326作父本杂交,经系谱选择育成,2000年7月通过云南省烟草品种审评委员会审评,12月通过全国烟草品种审定委员会审定,云烟87主要农艺状稳定,变异系数小于对照K326,田间生长整齐一致,据多年异地试验结果,云烟87自然株高181．5cm打顶株高115cm,大田着生叶数26片,有效叶数18－20片,腰叶长77．5cm,宽31．0cm,大田生育期112d左右,节距6．0cm,上下节距分布均匀,中抗黑胫病,南方根结线虫病和青枯病,抗抓哇根结线虫病,耐肥水,适应性广,叶片厚薄均匀,层落黄好,易烘烤,平均产量2613kg/hm^2,均价4．84元/kg,上等烟比例45．07％,产值12259．5元／hm^2;比对照品种K326产量增加3．2％,均值提高0．52元,上等烟比例提高10．14个百分点,产值增加13．3％。初烤原烟多金黄色,色度强,油分多,叶片结构疏松,厚度适中,主要化学成分含量适宜,比例协调,烟碱平均含量2．2％,原烟香气质好,综合评吸指标优于生产推广主栽品种K326。云烟87具有优良,稳产、适应性广,抗逆力强,易烘烤等特点。     

早熟高产优质多抗糖果兼用蔗新品种川蔗23号的选育

在61点(次)省级区域和生产试验中，川蔗23号的平均出苗率为66．67％；宿根发株数为181545株／hm^2；平均分蘖率为115．32％；平均株高为257cm；平均茎径为2．94cm；平均有效茎为85035株／hm^2；平均单株重为1．7752kg／株；平均单产为150855kg／hm^2，比川蔗13号高28725kg／hm^2，增产23．52％；平均田间锤度19．81％，比对照种高2．21％(绝对值)；平均甘蔗蔗糖分为14．07％，比川蔗13号高1．72％(绝对值)；甘蔗含糖量平均达21369．15kg／hm^2，比川蔗13号高41．30％。在22点(次)全国甘蔗品种区域试验中，川糖89—103的平均出苗率是66．88％；分蘖率为114．14％，株高为269cm；茎径为2．81cm；有效茎是69798株／hm^2，单株重是1．6290kg／株，新植宿根平均单产是115495kg／hm^2，比全国统一对照种ROC10增产18．53％；平均甘蔗蔗糖分为14．49％，比ROC10高0．39％(绝对值)；甘蔗含糖量为16209kg／hm62，比ROC10高18．40％。川蔗23号高抗黑穗病和花叶病，不感眼点病、黄斑病和褐条病等，对螟虫、蚜虫外的害虫有很强的抗性。川蔗23号商品性状优良，纤维含量低，出汁率高，蔗汁蔗糖分高，蔗茎表面光滑美观给人良好感觉。表明川蔗23号是一个农艺性状、产量性状和工艺性状及商品性状都很优秀的糖果兼用蔗品种。     

烤烟新品种豫烟3号

烤烟新品种豫烟3号（6458）是用美国烤烟品种G－80与NC89杂交,经系谱选育而成,于2000年12月通过全国烟草品种审定委员会审定,经多年区域试验,生产试验和示范,平均产量2250－2625kg/hm^2,上等烟比例约30．3％,原烟颜色桔黄,油分多,光泽强,厚度适中。还原糖含量为15．17％,烟碱含量2．20％,钾含量1．38％,主要化学成分含量适宜,比例协调,卷烟评吸香气质好,香气量足。中抗黑胫病和赤星病,耐普通花叶病,抗气候性斑点病能力优于NC89。主要农艺性状遗传稳定,具有优质, 抗病,丰产,耐肥和易烘烤等特点。     

我国水果型甘蔗栽培技术研究的现状和今后的研究方向(下)

1．1．3．2根部追肥技术研究 2002年，曹禄乃等进行了硅钙肥对果蔗增产效果的研究。结果表明：施有效硅20．96％、CaO 37.68％的硅钙肥750kg/hm^2的分蘖率为210％，茎长205cm，茎径3.71cm，单株重1.72lkg，有效茎58485株/hm^2，甘蔗单产100650kg/hm^2，锤度13．8％，比对照分别增加95％，33．2cm，0．45cm，0．4560kg/株，3420株/hm^2，21195kg/hm^2和0．10％㈨。1．1．3．3病虫害防治技术研究     

甜菜新品种新甜17号的选育

新甜17号是甜菜遗传单粒三倍体杂交种。在2003～2004年新疆维吾尔自治区甜菜品种区域试验中，12点次的平均块根产量为80175kg／hm^2，比对照品种KWS5075增产2．2％；平均含糖率为14．82％，比对照提高1．11度；平均产糖量为11778．0kg／hm^2，比对照增产10．4％。该品种抗褐斑病、根腐病性强，2006年通过新疆农作物品种审定委员会审定命名。     

桂糖94/116、粤糖93/159在桂中筛选试验中的表现

2001年至2003年在来宾市农科所进行2年新植、2年宿根筛选试验。试验结果表明：桂糖94／116、粤糖93／159不论产量、糖分、含糖量均高于对照种，一些主要性状也优于对照。特别是桂糖94／116平均产量达112335kg／hm^2，平均含糖量达16171．5kg／hm^2，比对照桂糖11号分别增产21．1％、24．7％。     

单粒型甜菜品种及播(栽)期的经济性状试验

在吉林省中、西部地区气候条件下，对单粒型甜菜品种中甜-吉洮单301、吉丹单301、HYB-13及其不同播(栽)期的3个试验点的经济性状试验研究表明：各品种的根产量、含糖率、产糖量等均以在5月5日播种及移栽的表现最佳，达到5％或1％显著水平。品种处理分析结果：吉洮单301(移栽)根产量与产糖量最高，九台、大安、洮南3个点次根产量结果分别分为48227．9kg／hm^2、47264．8kg／hm^2和46493．7kg／hm^2，与其它品种处理呈1％显著水平；对应3个点次，产糖量结果分别为6650．4kg／hm^2、7172．1kg／hm^2和7703．5kg／hm^2，与其它品种处理呈1％显著水平。吉丹单301(直播)含糖率最高，3点次含糖率分别为：16．4％、18．0％和19．3％。     

甘蔗品种RB72454和新台糖25号区域品比试验初报

分别在广西的南宁、百色、降安和北海等地以桂糖11号作对照，对两个新引进的甘蔗品种进行品比区试。一年的新植试验结果表明：蔗茎产量最高的是RB72454（桂引5号），平均在124928kg/hm^2，比对照桂糖11号增产37．5％，增产十分显著，新台糖25号的平均产量为87218kg/hm^2，比桂糖11号减产4．0％，差异不显著，三个参试品种试验收期平均蔗糖分差异不显著，田间锤度从高到低依次为新台糖25号＞RB72454＞桂糖11号，单位面积含糖量RB72454比桂糖11号增40．3％，新台糖25号比对照减4．0％，本文还比较和评估了两个新品种的农艺性状及在广西蔗区的推广应用前景。     

含稀土复合肥对甘蔗产量及含糖量的影响

试验结果表明，甘蔗施用含稀土复合肥，比施用不含稀土的复合肥增产6850.5kg/hm^2，增长8．2％，含糖量增加0．73％（绝对值）；农民可增收1782元／hm^2，糖厂可增收4855.5元／hm^2。增产、增糖显著，经济效益明显。     

Probiotics and prebiotics--perspectives and challenges

Owing to their health benefits, probiotics and prebiotics are nowadays widely used in yogurts and fermented milks, which are leader products of functional foods worldwide. The world market for functional foods has grown rapidly in the last three decades, with an estimated size in 2003 of ca US$ 33 billion, while the European market estimation exceeded US$ 2 billion in the same year. However, the production of probiotics and prebiotics at industrial scale faces several challenges, including the search for economical and abundant raw materials for prebiotic production, the low-cost production of probiotics and the improvement of probiotic viability after storage or during the manufacturing process of the functional food. In this review, functional foods based on probiotics and prebiotics are introduced as a key biotechnological field with tremendous potential for innovation. A concise state of the art addressing the fundamentals and challenges for the development of new probiotic- and prebiotic-based foods is presented, the niches for future research being clearly identified and discussed.     

常用消毒灭菌法及其机理与应用

介绍了采用消毒灭菌方法,有加热消毒法,紫外线辐射法和化学药剂消毒法。常用化学药剂有醛类、含氯消毒剂、醇类消毒剂以及高锰酸钾、生石灰等,阐释了消毒与灭菌两个概念的区别。     

益生素、益生菌与结肠癌

介绍了益生素和益生菌及其作用机理。在动物模型中，有大量的数据证实益生素和益生菌能够预防癌症．而在人体内还没有直接实验证据。它们抑制癌症的确切机理目前尚不清楚，其抑制机理可能是：肠道菌群代谢活动的改变，肠道理化环境的改变，潜在的致癌物质的黏附和降解，肠道菌群的改变、抗癌或抗诱变物质的形成、提高宿主的免疫应答、影响宿主的生理活动以及发酵不能被消化的食物并形成有益代谢产物。     

节能节水型印染助剂和设备的现状

从节能、节水、缩短工艺流程和环保的角度出发，介绍了国内外研制开发的一系列新型节能、节水型印染助剂和染整设备。     

原花色素及其开发应用

对原花色素的结构、化学特性、制备、分析方法、应用前景作一综述,并重点讨论其生理功能,为在功能性食品、药物、化妆品等领域的深入研究和开发提供参考。     

天然香精香料与生物技术

天然香精香料是高价值的精细化工产品和食品添加剂,但原料来源有限且提取成本高。利用生物技术生产这类产品具有广阔的前景。简述了发酵工程、酶工程、细胞工程和基因工程在香精香料中的应用,并探讨了生物技术在香精香料中的应用前景。     

毛霉型低盐速成豆豉工业化生产工艺与设备

本文介绍了毛霉型低盐速成豆豉的工业化生产工艺及生产线的关键设备。     

European citizen and consumer attitudes and preferences regarding beef and pork

This paper presents the combined mid-term findings of the consumer research components of two EU Sixth Framework Programme integrated projects concerning meat, ProSafeBeef and Q-PorkChains. The consumer pillar of ProSafeBeef carried out eight focus group discussions in May 2008, in France, Germany, Spain and the UK. Q-PorkChains conducted a large-scale, web-based, consumer survey in January 2008 in Belgium, Denmark, Germany, Greece and Poland. The first project provides a set of qualitative data from a small cohort of focus groups and the second a set of quantitative data from a larger consumer sample. This paper draws together the main findings of both projects and provides a comprehensive overview of European citizens’ and consumers’ attitudes towards and preferences regarding beef and pork. In general, consumers consider meat to be a healthy and important component of the diet. Consumers support the development of technologies that can improve the health attributes of meat products and guarantee eating quality, but they have a negative view of what they see to be excessive manipulation and lack of naturalness in the production and processing of beef products. In the Q-PorkChains study consumer and citizen segments are identified and profiled. Consumer segments were built upon the frequency and variety of pork consumption. The citizen segments were built upon their attitudes towards pig production systems. Overall, the relationship between individuals’ views as citizens and their behaviour as consumers was found to be quite weak and did not appear to greatly or systematically influence meat-buying habits. Future studies in both projects will concentrate on consumers’ acceptance of innovative meat product concepts and products, with the aim of boosting consumer trust and invigorating the European beef and pork industries.     

Heritability and correlations for body condition score and dairy form within and across lactation and age

The objectives of the current study were to investigate the relationship between body condition score (BCS) and dairy form and changes in genetic parameters for BCS and dairy form within and across lactations and age. Body condition score and dairy form were obtained from the Holstein Association USA, Inc. Records were edited to include those cows classified between 24 and 60 mo of age and between 0 and 335 d in milk (DIM). A minimum of 20 daughters per sire and 15 cows per herd-classification visit were required. The dataset consisted of 135,178 records from 119,215 cows. Repeatability, multiple trait, and random regression models were used to analyze the data. All models included fixed effects for herd-classification visit, age within lactations 1, 2, and 3 or higher, and 5th-order polynomials for DIM. Random effects included sire and permanent environment for all models. Random regression models included age at classification nested within sire or DIM and lactation number nested within sire. Genetic variance for both BCS and dairy form was lowest in early lactation and highest in midlactation. Genetic correlations within and across lactations were high. The genetic correlation between DIM 0 in lactation 1 and DIM 305 in lactation 3 was estimated to be 0.77 for BCS and 0.60 for dairy form. The genetic correlation estimate between 30 mo of age at classification and 50 mo of age at classification was 0.94 for both dairy form and BCS. The repeatability models appeared to generate accurate evaluations for BCS or dairy form at all ages and stages of lactation.     

酚类物质的结构与性质及其与葡萄及葡萄酒的关系

酚类物质是一类大而复杂的化合物。葡萄与葡萄酒中常见的酚类物质可分为类黄酮和非类黄酮两大类，它们是葡萄中重要的次生代谢产物，与葡萄的抗病性、采后生理、贮存、保鲜等密切相关。葡萄酒中的酚类物质来自于葡萄果实、果梗、酵母代谢以及橡木桶，参与形成葡萄酒的味道、骨架、结构和颜色等，对红葡萄酒的特征和质量尤其重要。