电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定枸杞中16种稀土元素

建立了微波消解-电感耦合等离子质谱法(ICP-MS)测定枸杞中16种稀土元素(La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm、Eu、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、Yb、Lu、Y和Sc)含量的分析方法。采用微波消解对枸杞样品进行前处理,应用ICP-MS进行测定,以Rh为内标元素对定量结果进行校正。结果表明,该方法线性相关系数大于0.9999,方法检出限范围为0.009~0.821 μg/kg,定量限范围为0.030~2.736 μg/kg,加标回收率(n=6)为86.0%~108.6%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.25%~9.14%。选择国家标准物质胡萝卜(GSBW10047)验证方法的可靠性,待测元素测定值与标准值基本一致。该方法具有简单、快速、灵敏、准确、线性范围宽等特点。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定大米中16种稀土元素

目的 了解江苏省大米中稀土元素含量, 掌握大米中稀土元素含量的分布情况 方法 建立电感耦合等离子体质谱法(inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, ICP-MS)测定大米中Y、La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm、Eu、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、Yb、Lu、Sc这16种稀土元素含量的分析方法, 并对方法的线性回归方程、检出限、精密度和回收率等进行考察。 结果 16种稀土元素的相关系数均大于0.995, 线性良好, 方法检出限为0.002~0.440 μg/kg, 定量限为0.006~1.480 μg/kg。各元素加标回收率在85.7%~107.9%之间, 测定结果相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation, RSD)在1.8%~4.5%之间。大米样品中均含有多种稀土元素, 含量均较低, 且各地区稀土元素残留分布略有差别 结论 该检测方法简单、快速、选择性好、灵敏度和回收率高, 适用于大米中多种稀土元素的测定。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定鲜奶、酸奶和奶粉中稀土元素

建立了电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定乳及乳制品中16种稀土元素的方法。采用微波消解前处理技术消解样品,优化了仪器工作参数,选择103Rh、115In和209Bi元素作为内标,校正基体干扰。结果表明,16种稀土元素质量浓度在0.2~5 ng/mL范围内线性关系良好,线性相关系数r≥0.9995,检出限在0.03~0.52 μg/kg之间,平均回收率在92.3%~109.0%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.21%~5.36%。采用该方法测定国家标准物质柑橘叶(GBW10014),其测定值均在标示值范围内。对市售鲜奶、酸奶和奶粉中稀土元素进行检测,结果显示,3类乳品中均检出稀土元素,含量为0.04~19.3 μg/kg。该方法具有快速、准确、操作简便,能够满足鲜奶、酸奶和奶粉中稀土元素的测定。     

不同品种茶鲜叶稀土含量研究

为探讨不同基因型茶树品种稀土含量差异,采用电感耦合等离子体-质谱法(inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry,ICP-MS)测定湖北武汉同一栽培管理条件下的45份茶树品种16种稀土元素含量。结果表明:45份样品稀土总量在209.81μg/kg～1 415.62μg/kg,平均值555.02μg/kg,适制乌龙茶品种稀土元素含量普遍高于适制绿茶品种。茶叶中16种稀土元素含量差异较大,所有品种稀土元素以Ce元素含量最高、其次为La元素,平均含量分别为190.00μg/kg,102.61μg/kg。样品中轻稀土含量高于重稀土含量。各轻稀土元素含量差异较大,但具有相似的丰度模式。45个茶树品种中筛选低吸收稀土元素品种1个、富集稀土元素品种2个、选择性吸收稀土元素品种1个。筛选结果为选育低吸收稀土元素品种、研究茶树吸附稀土元素机制提供理论依据。     

沈阳市售初级农产品中16种稀土元素检测分析

检测分析沈阳市售5类初级农产品中16种稀土元素的含量分布情况。采集市内农贸市场和超市销售的5类初级农产品50份,样品经微波消解处理,用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry,ICP-MS)测定16种稀土元素含量,选择国家标准参考物质鸡肉GBW10018作为定量分析质量控制措施。结果表明:16种稀土元素在0～20μg/L质量浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.999,检出限为0.05μg/kg～0.3μg/kg。5类初级农产品中La、Ce和Sc含量最高;稀土元素含量(总量)分别为蔬菜60.1μg/kg、粮食26.8μg/kg、畜禽肉18.6μg/kg、水果16.8μg/kg、鱼16.4μg/kg。蔬菜中稀土元素含量较高,应加强对蔬菜进行定期监测。     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定广东蔗区甘蔗中的稀土元素

应用微波消解,不经分离富集,用ICP-MS法直接测定了广东蔗区11种甘蔗中的16种痕量稀土元素。甘蔗中稀土元素含量较高的为89Y、139La、140Ce、146Nd,其它的稀土元素都在0.1 mg/kg以下,不同地区的不同品种甘蔗间有一定的差异性。稀土元素的检出限均小于1μg/kg,各元素测定的RSD（n=6）为1.26%～17.5%,样品加标回收率为96.3%～106.4%.     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定猪肝、奶粉和茶叶中16种稀土元素

目的 建立食品中稀土元素的电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)的检测方法。方法 样品加入硝酸浸泡后再加入过氧化氢,经微波消解处理呈淡黄色澄清透明样液,采用铟作内标、在氦模式下用ICP-MS同时测定16种稀土元素的含量。结果 所测定的16种稀土元素线性相关系数达到0.999以上,方法检出限为0.00063~0.014μg /kg;同时采用奶粉和猪肝作为基质本底,用加标回收评价了该方法的精密度和重现性,回收率在80.7%~110.0%范围内,相对标准偏差在0.36%~3.87%范围内;同时分析了国家标准物质茶叶GBW10052和GBW10016,测定值与标准值吻合。结论 该方法操作简便快捷, 灵敏度高,准确度高, 重现性好, 是分析多种类食品样品中稀土元素的可靠、高效的方法。     

基于电感耦合等离子体-串联质谱技术测定猪肉和鸡肉中32 种元素含量

建立电感耦合等离子体-串联质谱（inductively coupled plasma tandem mass spectrometry,ICP-MS/MS）测定猪肉和鸡肉中32 种元素含量的分析方法。样品采用微波消解处理,利用ICP-MS/MS在No gas、He、H2、O2和NH3/He 5 种模式下测定样品中多元素含量,利用目标离子与反应气发生碰撞或反应,用原位质量和质量转移方式消除分析过程中质谱干扰。结果表明：32 种待测元素在0～100 μg/L和0～1 000 μg/L范围内线性关系良好,R2≥0.999 2,检出限为0.000 028～0.130 063 mg/kg,加标回收率为91.6%～109.7%,相对标准偏差≤4.6%;对实际样品进行测定,样品中P、S、K、Na、Ca、Mg等元素含量相对较高,有害元素Cr、As、Cd、Pb的含量符合国家食品安全标准。     

2种苦丁茶中重金属及稀土元素含量调查分析

目的研究大叶苦丁茶和小叶苦丁茶中重金属铬、镉、铅和16种稀土元素的含量情况,了解苦丁茶重金属及稀土元素摄入的风险。方法以微波消解法进行样品前处理,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry,ICP-MS)同时检测2种苦丁茶中重金属铬、镉、铅和16种稀土元素,并将检测结果与食品安全国家标准进行比较。结果本方法对各元素的检出限为0.012~0.062μg/L,加标回收率为94.6%~107.7%,相对标准偏差为0.3%~6.1%,该方法经茶叶标准物质(GBW 08513)验证可靠。苦丁茶样品分析表明,铅、铬和稀土元素在2种苦丁茶中的含量较低,而大叶苦丁茶镉的含量(2.00~15.73 mg/kg)明显高于小叶苦丁茶(0.05~0.14 mg/kg)。结论本方法适用于茶叶类样品中多元素污染物快速检测及风险评估,风险监测数据表明大叶苦丁茶中存在重金属镉摄入性风险。     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定食用菌中的16种金属元素

目的 建立微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法(inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, ICP-MS)同时测定食用菌中16种金属元素含量的分析方法。方法 采用硝酸-双氧水微波消解进行前处理, ICP-MS检测的方法进行测定, 并对方法的线性范围、检出限、精密度和回收率等进行考察, 并将该方法用于5种食用菌样品中16种金属元素含量的及检测。结果 各元素在相应的浓度标准曲线范围内呈良好的线性关系, 相关系数为0.9992~1.0000, 检出限为0.001~0.80 μg/L, 回收率为80.2%~108.3%, 相对标准偏差为0.08%~3.88%。结论 该方法测定食用菌中的重金属元素操作方便, 灵敏度高, 干扰较小, 检出限低, 精密度高, 准确度较好, 能够满足食用菌中多种元素同时检测的需要。研究发现食用菌尤其是木耳类含铝元素相对较高, 同时含有微量元素锌和铜, 摄入需要适当。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

Influence des ions sur le pouvoir hydratant de l'ure e: e tude sur peau de porc ex vivo

This study deals with the influence of ions (NaCl and MgSO4) in a W/O emulsion containing 10% urea. Moisturization kinetics are assessed by corneometry on pig skin ex vivo. The formula's influence on urea penetration is measured by infrared spectrometry with an ATR device and the stripping method. Corneometry and spectroscopy were chosen to record simultaneously the hydratation levels and urea localization into superficial cell layers. Urea crystallization after evaporation of emulsions and aqueous solutions is described. Results show that urea does not hydrate nor penetrate when applied to the skin through an aqueous gel. In a W/O emulsion, sodium chloride increases the ability of urea to moisturize without improving penetration. In vitro urea crystallization is disturbed by sodium chloride or magnesium sulphate for solutions and emulsions. This stabilization by ions is correlated with good moisturization values. The stabilization of urea in the solute state provided by ions increases its water epidermal binding capacity without enhancing penetration.