粮食中真菌毒素污染现状及控制

真菌毒素是一些真菌次级代谢产物,通过污染粮食,进而危及人和动物安全。该文综述粮食中真菌毒素污染现状和现今控制真菌毒素污染的技术研究进展,为控制粮食真菌毒素体系建立提供依据。     

粮食真菌群落组成及多样性研究进展

真菌生长会导致粮食品质下降甚至真菌毒素污染,是造成粮食损失,引起食品卫生安全隐患的重要因素之一。当前,世界各国都十分重视粮食上真菌及真菌毒素污染的问题,明确粮食上真菌群落组成是真菌及毒素污染防控的关键。本文对粮食真菌的分类、危害以及我国粮食真菌群落组成及多样性研究进展进行了综述,介绍了真菌群落组成与真菌毒素污染的关系并探讨了真菌群落组成及多样性研究的应用前景,旨在为全面系统研究粮食真菌提供方法,从而为粮食真菌毒素精准防控的深入研究提供参考。     

小麦储藏过程中真菌毒素变化趋势及预警技术研究进展

小麦在不良储藏环境下极易发热霉变产生真菌毒素,严重影响其质量安全和食用品质,监控和预防小麦储藏过程中真菌毒素污染是国内外的研究热点。本文简述了小麦中真菌毒素污染现状,分析了水分、环境温湿度、储藏方式、原始带菌量对储藏小麦真菌毒素产生的影响,并简述了小麦储藏过程真菌毒素预警技术的原理与研究现状,以期为小麦储藏过程中真菌毒素的污染监控与预防提供参考。     

常见真菌毒素的解读及其检测方案

<正>真菌毒素在自然界中广泛存在,有数据统计,全世界每年约有25%的食物受到不同程度的真菌毒素污染,每年由于霉变污染导致真菌毒素引起的农产品和工业原料的损失达数百亿美元。由此可见,真菌毒素会对谷物类食品的生产者和消费者造成巨大损害。我国谷物霉变主要发生在长江以南地区,每年约使粮食减产3%～7%。据调查,除粮食、饲料外,在油料作物、种子、水果、干果、蔬菜、调味品、     

粮食中真菌毒素快速检测方法研究进展

粮食在生长、收获、运输、储藏、加工等过程中极易受到真菌毒素的污染,危害人们的健康,影响粮食安全性。因此如何有效地减少和长期防控粮食中真菌毒素的污染尤为重要。通过对目前研究提出的真菌毒素快速检测方法的研究现状进行综述,以期为未来建立真菌毒素防控系统,长期防控、检测真菌毒素提供理论参考。     

梨果实及其制品中真菌毒素的污染、检测及控制方法研究进展

梨果实营养丰富, 水分含量较高, 在生产、采收和贮运过程中易受病原菌侵染, 特别是在贮藏期间发生真菌性病害后腐烂霉变, 产生并积累各种真菌毒素。本文首先介绍了链格孢毒素、展青霉素、橘霉素和黄曲霉毒素的毒性和在梨果实及其制品中的污染状况, 其次, 对在梨和其制品中应用的薄层色谱法和液相色谱-质谱联用法的特点和应用实例进行了综述, 最后, 总结了果品中真菌毒素的降解方法, 并对有效防控真菌毒素的重点研究方向进行了展望。当前国内对于梨果实及其制品中真菌毒素的研究报道很少, 今后应加强这方面研究, 明确当前真菌毒素的种类以及污染水平, 并重点开展有效防控真菌毒素的研究, 提高我国梨果实及其制品的质量安全水平。     

粮食真菌毒素污染的无损检测方法研究进展

粮食种植、加工和储运过程易受真菌毒素污染,严重威胁人畜健康。然而,目前传统的真菌毒素检测方法存在过程繁琐、时效性差或灵敏度低等缺点,难以满足现场快速准确检测的需要,日益成为制约粮食质量安全的瓶颈。现代无损检测技术作为一种新兴的检测技术,可以在不破坏样品的情况下对其进行质量评价,是粮食品质在线、实时检测的一个重要发展方向,在粮食真菌毒素污染的快速分析方面具有巨大的应用潜力。本文重点综述了近红外光谱、高光谱图像、电子鼻等典型无损检测技术在粮食真菌毒素污染检测分析中的最新研究进展,讨论了各种技术的优点及限制因素,并对其应用前景进行了展望。     

中国谷物真菌毒素污染研究现状

谷物易受多种真菌毒素污染且消费量巨大，是人畜真菌毒素的主要摄入来源。本文统计了2009年至今关于我国谷物中真菌毒素污染的研究报道，发现国内的研究大多集中在水稻、小麦和玉米，而杂粮作物少之又少。其中，水稻受真菌毒素污染情况较轻；小麦主要受镰刀菌毒素污染，尤其是脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇和玉米赤霉烯酮；玉米则易感染多种真菌毒素。此外，小杂粮薏米、燕麦、谷子和高粱也有不同程度的污染。为明确谷物质量安全隐患，有效缓解谷物中真菌毒素的污染，我们应进一步加强对重要杂粮作物中真菌毒素的监管力度，建立更全面的真菌毒素筛查方法，建设真菌毒素防控标准化体系，强化农民对真菌毒素防控的意识与技术。     

MyToolBox真菌毒素综合管理系统概述及中国应用展望（网络首发、推荐阅读）

全球每年由于真菌毒素污染造成大量的粮食浪费和经济损失,对其预防和控制是当今世界性的难题。欧盟“地平线2020计划”MyToolBox项目是基于目前真菌毒素污染方面的防控研究,建立主要粮油食品和饲料真菌毒素综合管理系统。该系统提出包括种植、收获、干燥、储藏、加工以及超标粮食综合利用等的整体解决方案,旨在从农田到餐桌全链条保障食品安全,减少由于真菌毒素污染导致的浪费和经济损失,达到资源合理利用。对MyToolBox真菌毒素综合管理系统进行整体介绍,并对其在中国应用提出了建议。     

鱼干中真菌毒素的污染及其防控措施研究进展

鱼干在制作和贮藏过程中易受到环境中真菌的污染，并产生真菌毒素。真菌毒素性质稳定，可通过食物链和生物富集作用直接或间接的危害人体健康。该研究对鱼干制品中真菌毒素的污染危害、产生原因及物理、化学、生物等防控方法进行系统综述，以期为水产干制品中真菌毒素的防控、保障其质量安全并提高市场竞争力提供理论基础。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Review of techniques to manufacture micro-hydrogel particles for the food industry and their applications

Microgels are ‘soft’ microscopic cross-linked polymeric particles that are being increasingly exploited in a variety of industries for rheology control, encapsulation and targeted delivery. They are valued because of the ability to tune their functionality to address specific applications in oil recovery, coatings, drug delivery, cosmetics, personal care and foods. Food microgels are typically biopolymer hydrogels in the form of microspheres, nanospheres (also called nanogels), spheroids and fibres. The utilisation of engineered microgels in foods has so far been limited, despite their great potential to address several needs in the food industry, including: satiety control, encapsulation of phytonutrients and prebiotics, texture control for healthier food formulations (e.g. reduced fat products), and targeting delivery to specific areas in the digestive tract. We review the scientific and patent literature on the utilisation and manufacturing methods for producing microgels with an emphasis on micro-hydrogels for food applications.     

12—A CRITIQUE OF SOME HYPOTHESES RELATING TO THE HETEROGENEITY OF THE HIGH-SULPHUR PROTEINS OF WOOL

Joubert and Burns prepared a large number of fractions from the high-sulphur proteins of wool and estimated their molecular weights and amino-acid compositions. Their data have been re-examined in order to look for statistically significant interrelations between amino acids and between the proportion of various amino acids and molecular weight. Statistical analysis of the data is also used to examine the credibility of some hypotheses concerning the mechanism of keratin biosynthesis and to provide further evidence for the existence of families of proteins within the high-sulphur fractions of wool.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of     

The Latest Data about Development of Chinese Printing Industry in 2013

In the 2014 China（Shanghai）International Printing Week,Director Wang Yanbin released the latest data about development of Chinese printing industry in 2013.According to statistics,in 2013,the total output value of Chinese printing industry exceeded 1trillion Yuan for the first time,reaching 1.03985 trillion Yuan.There were 105,000 printing enterprises in China,employees were 3.415 million.The total asset was 1.06247 trillion Yuan;     

The State Council Issued "Directory of Government Approved Investment Projects(2013 Edition)"

正On December 2nd,2013,the State Council issued the notification of"Directory of Government Approved Investment Projects(2013 Edition)"(hereafter referred to as"notification").It is pointed out in the"notification"that in order to further deepen reforms in investment systems and administrative examination and approval systems,simplify administrative procedures and delegate powers to lower levels,earnestly     

China textile machinery: taking off in progress

正Among the 1600 exhibitors who take apart in the ITMA ASIA+CITME2014 2/3 are Chinese manufactures.If the numerous figures failed to attract your attention,the increase of quality should draw your focus.To adopt the demand of developing textile machine market,domestic textile machinery enterprises now follow the slogan of"technology drives development"to enhance product competitiveness.Our domestic sellers will showcase product ranging from spinning,weaving,dyeing and printing,     

Top Ten News of China's Paper Industry 2013

On December 24th, 2013, the meeting on the selection of top 10 news of China＇s paper industry 2013 sponsored by 〈China Paper Newsletters〉 was held in Beijing. The yearly selection of the top l0 news, which began in 2000, has become a brand activity widely recognized in the industry thanks to the support from the authorities at all levels and public participation.