黑米花色苷微胶囊的制备及其稳定性评价

以海藻酸钙为壁材,利用乳化凝胶化法制备黑米花色苷微胶囊,研究包被后黑米花色苷在高温、光照、p H条件下的稳定性,及其在模拟胃肠液中的释放性能。在海藻酸钠浓度为15 g/L,水油体积比为1∶3,壁芯比M(NaAlg)∶M(C3G)为1∶2,溶液p H值为4.5的工艺参数条件下制备的黑米花色苷微胶囊,在不同pH、温度、光照条件下的稳定性均显著高于未包被游离黑米花色苷,且在模拟胃液中能保持4h,在模拟肠液中壁材缓慢降解,释放出花色苷。基于乳化凝胶化原理的微胶囊包被技术,能提高花色苷的稳定性,实现其在体内的肠道递送和缓释。     

食品微生物对花色苷呈色的影响

随着科技的进步和人们生活水平的提高,发酵食品越来越受到人们的青睐。发酵不仅可以改善食品的风味和质地,而且赋予了食品新的营养功能,提高了农作物的附加值。然而,发酵过程中产品色泽的改变和衰减现象十分明显,特别是富含花色苷的原料。花色苷的降解、微生物对花色苷的吸附、代谢产物与花色苷的相互作用都会影响产品色泽的呈现。本文综述了近年来发酵食品产业中常用的微生物菌种(如酵母菌、乳酸菌、醋酸菌和霉菌)对花色苷稳定性以及产品色泽和功能品质的影响,并对微生物以及代谢产物与花色苷降解、衍生物的生成关系进行分析,以期改善发酵食品的色泽和功能品质,为扩大花色苷在食品加工中的应用提供理论参考。     

吡喃花色苷类衍生物家族的研究进展

吡喃花色苷是近些年发现于果酒（如红葡萄酒）中的新型花色苷衍生物,是酒体最重要的呈色物质之一。吡喃花色苷家族具有第四个吡喃环的基本特征,是在发酵、陈酿过程中由浆果花色苷与葡萄糖发酵代谢的中间产物及（或）浆果中其他酚类成分经环加合反应形成的一系列天然色素物质。本文将系统介绍吡喃花色苷家族及其第二代衍生物家族的种类、分子结构、形成机制、稳定性与色度特征、抗氧化及抗肿瘤等生物活性。多种不同类型的吡喃花色苷家族不仅是重要呈色物质,而且具有较高的稳定性、良好的色泽特征及较强的功能活性,本文为进一步开展吡喃花色苷类衍生物的结构与其稳定性、色泽和功能性质关系的研究及其在葡萄酒产业和食品加工业中的应用提供有益的参考。     

蓝莓花色苷抗氧化功能及稳定性研究进展

蓝莓花色苷具有清除自由基、提高抗氧化酶活性、抑制脂质过氧化的抗氧化活性,可用于防止体内氧化应激损伤。蓝莓作为天然抗氧化剂开发受到的极大限制就是花色苷的结构极不稳定,在提取、纯化、生产、贮藏过程中花色苷极容易受到破坏。本文从蓝莓花色苷的结构分类、其抗氧化功能的构效关系和提取花色苷的稳定性影响因素等方面的研究内容做出综述,以期为蓝莓花色苷的进一步研究和开发利用提供参考。     

树莓花色苷稳定性的研究

以红树莓花色苷为研究对象,系统研究了光照、温度、pH、食品添加剂和金属离子对树莓花色苷稳定性的影响。结果表明,随加热温度的升高花色苷稳定性下降,在60℃以下花色苷稳定;室外自然光照花色苷不稳定,避光条件下稳定性良好;在pH1.0和pH3.0时花色苷稳定,pH5.0、7.0、9.0花色苷不稳定。食品添加剂苯甲酸钠和蔗糖使花色苷稳定性增加,抗坏血酸使花色苷稳定性降低。金属Al3+离子对花色苷具有增色效应,Al3+和Ca2+对花色苷稳定性无影响。     

天然大分子对花色苷的负载研究进展

花色苷是自然界中广泛存在的一种水溶性色素,因其功能的多样性受到众多研究者的青睐。但花色苷结构稳定性差,在加工过程中易失活,从而导致其生物利用度较低。该文综述了以天然大分子为载体对花色苷的负载机理和保护作用,分析了天然大分子负载后花色苷的稳定性及生理活性,并将天然大分子负载体系类型及构建技术进行了归纳与比较,为花色苷负载体系研究提供参考依据。     

花色苷与淀粉复合物的制备及应用研究进展

花色苷是一种天然着色剂，因其范围广泛的颜色、无毒害性和有益的健康效益而引起越来越多的关注。尽管花色苷在食品、制药行业具有巨大的应用潜力，但其相对不稳定，导致应用受到限制。鉴于淀粉能提高花色苷在贮藏过程中的稳定性，被认为是良好的花色苷保护剂，近年来许多研究通过物理、化学等一系列方法将两者结合，复合物的形式不仅能增强花色苷的稳定性，还能改善淀粉的力学性能，更好地提高淀粉和花色苷的稳定性以使其应用于药物输送、生物医学、农业和食品生产等领域。本文概述花色苷与淀粉的基础结构特性，汇总多种花色苷-淀粉复合物的制备方法，并总结花色苷-淀粉互作对花色苷稳定性、生物利用度、抗氧化活性、淀粉结晶度、糊化性质、力学性能、消化率的影响，以及复合物在当前的应用进展，旨在为未来花色苷-淀粉复合物制备方法的研究及应用提供参考。     

花色苷酶促酰化反应研究进展

花色苷的功能、稳定性与其结构存在密切关联,特别是其酰基结构。酰化反应是提高花色苷结构稳定性的重要方法。传统化学酰化方法存在许多不足和缺陷,而酶促酰化受到广泛关注,因其反应条件温和,选择性强,产品质量高,可运用在食品,药品,化工合成等领域。总结了酰化反应对提高花色苷稳定性的效用,酶促糖苷酰化反应中催化酶、酰基供体以及溶剂体系方面的研究进展,以期对花色苷结构稳定化技术提供借鉴。     

桑椹花色苷生理活性及加工稳定性研究进展

花色苷是桑椹所含的重要生理活性物质之一,具有抗氧化、抗癌、神经保护、心脑血管保护和抑制体重增加等功效,但在桑椹加工与贮藏过程中,花色苷对热和光等因素较敏感,易发生不利降解,从而降低其生物活性。本文综述了近年来国内外桑椹花色苷的研究进展,主要涉及桑椹花色苷的生理活性和加工及贮藏过程中的稳定性,旨在为桑椹花色苷资源的高效利用提供理论支撑。     

鲜食葡萄花色苷的研究进展

鲜食葡萄果皮中含有大量酚类活性物质,主要为胡萝卜素、花色苷和原花色素等,占多总酚量的95％.本文就近几年来国内外对葡萄果皮中的花色苷研究进行文献综述,系统介绍了葡萄果皮中主要花色苷的种类、结构与性质,进一步阐述了花色苷分析的主要提取及鉴定方法,应用与展望.对鲜食葡萄在贮藏过程中花色苷稳定性和功能性作用的研究提供一定的参考价值.     

Combination of copigmentation and encapsulation strategies for the synergistic stabilization of anthocyanins

Copigmentation and encapsulation are the two most commonly used techniques for anthocyanin stabilization. However, each of these techniques by itself suffers from many challenges associated with the simultaneous achievement of color intensification and high stability of anthocyanins. Integrating copigmentation and encapsulation may overcome the limitation of usage of a single technique. This review summarizes the most recent studies and their challenges aiming at combining copigmentation and encapsulation techniques. The effective approaches for encapsulating copigmented anthocyanins are described, including spray/freeze-drying, emulsification, gelation, polyelectrolyte complexation, and their combinations. Other emerging approaches, such as layer-by-layer deposition and ultrasonication, are also reviewed. The physicochemical principles underlying the combined strategies for the fabrication of various delivery systems are discussed. Particular emphasis is directed toward the synergistic effects of copigmentation and encapsulation, for example, modulating roles of copigments in the processes of gelation and complexation. Finally, some of the major challenges and opportunities for future studies are highlighted. The trend of integrating copigmentation and encapsulation has been just started to develop. The information in this review should facilitate the exploration of the combination of multistrategy and the fabrication of robust delivery systems for copigmented anthocyanins.     

Anthocyanin extraction,microencapsulation, and release properties during in vitro digestion

Among bioactive compounds studied in fruits and vegetables, anthocyanins have been well studied in recent years due to increasing reports of health benefits. The inherent instability of anthocyanins to environmental conditions presents opportunities for a variety of stabilization processes prior to health applications. Different approaches have been used in extracting anthocyanins, but the implications of the methods used have only been reported recently. Similarly, anthocyanins have been encapsulated using a variety of methods and the physicochemical characteristics of the microcapsules were reported. Evidence on changes in bioactive contents and antioxidant activity during storage or simulated digestion highlight the need to review anthocyanin extraction techniques and characterization methods to improve stability. In vitro release studies show that encapsulation stabilizes anthocyanins and functions as a delivery method. Encapsulated anthocyanins may meet average intake rates in human diets; however, in vivo and human studies need to be conducted.     

花色苷与蛋白质相互作用的研究进展

花色苷作为一种功能活性物质备受关注,但因稳定性差、生物利用率低限制了其应用。蛋白质作为人体必需的三大营养素之一,具有较好的生物相容性和生物可降解性,常用于食品加工中,但其功能性质有待改善。食品组分中的蛋白质与花色苷通常是共存的成分,很容易发生相互作用,作用方式包括非共价和共价作用,其中非共价作用方式最为普遍,包括氢键、疏水相互作用、静电相互作用、范德华力。本文总结了花色苷-蛋白质相互作用的研究进展,包括蛋白质对花色苷稳定性和生物利用率的影响、花色苷对蛋白质功能性质的影响,以及复合物功能产品的应用现状,以期为花色苷与蛋白质在食品深加工中的应用提供理论参考。     

美拉德反应及其产物在递送生物活性物质方面的应用研究进展

生物活性物质作为许多食品和药品中的功能性成分,具有广泛的应用前景。但是生物活性物质在加工、贮存和胃肠道环境中极容易分解,这大大限制了它们的应用。因此,如何设计食品级的递送体系成为研究的热点问题。美拉德反应无需添加化学试剂即可自然发生,已被广泛应用于改善蛋白质的功能特性,蛋白质和多糖经美拉德反应得到的复合物具有良好的稳定性,是近年来应用最广泛的载体之一。本文综述了美拉德反应对蛋白质功能特性的影响,以及近年来蛋白质-多糖共价复合物在乳状液、纳米粒子、纳米凝胶和微胶囊等生物活性物质递送体系中的应用,讨论了递送体系在消化系统中的变化,并展望了美拉德反应在制备递送体系方面的应用前景和需要解决的问题。     

Protein-binding approaches for improving bioaccessibility and bioavailability of anthocyanins

Color is an important characteristic of food. Over the last 15 years, more attention has been paid to natural colorants because of the rising demand for clean-label food products. Anthocyanins, which are a group of phytochemicals responsible for the purple, blue or red hues of many plants, offer a market advantage. In addition, anthocyanin-rich foods are associated with protection against cardiovascular disease, thrombosis, diabetes, cancer, microbial-based disorders, neurological disorders, and vision ailments. However, the real health value of anthocyanins, whether as a natural colorant or a functional ingredient, is dependent on the ultimate bioaccessibility and bioavailability in the human body. Many animal and human clinical studies revealed that, after intake of anthocyanin-rich foods or anthocyanin extracts, only trace amounts (< 1% of ingested content) of anthocyanins or their predicted metabolites were detected in plasma after a standard blood draw, which was indicative of low bioavailability of anthocyanins. Protein binding to anthocyanins is a strategy that has recently been reported to enhance the ultimate bioactivity, bioaccessibility, and bioavailability of anthocyanins as compared to anthocyanins delivered without a protein carrier. Therefore, in this review, we address anthocyanin properties in food processing and digestion, anthocyanin-protein complexes used in food matrices, and changes in the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of anthocyanins when bound into anthocyanin-protein complexes in foods. Finally, we summarize the challenges and prospects of this delivery system for anthocyanin pigments.     

Correlation of two anthocyanin quantification methods: HPLC and spectrophotometric methods

The pH differential method and HPLC are commonly used methods by researchers and the food industry for quantifying anthocyanins in a sample. This study was conducted to establish a relationship between the two analytical methods. Seven juice samples containing an array of different individual anthocyanins were analyzed by pH differential and HPLC (two different columns and mobile phase conditions). In general, total anthocyanins were greater when expressed as malvidin-glucoside than as cyanidin-glucoside, despite the method used. This paper demonstrates the high correlation (R  0.925, p  0.05) between the pH differential method and HPLC (both systems) when determining the amount of anthocyanins found in samples. For laboratories that do not have the capability for HPLC analysis, the pH differential is a simple and economical method to determine total anthocyanins. This study also demonstrates the importance of reporting the standard used to express the values. There is still a need for both methods and certified anthocyanin standards.     

几种天然植物花色苷体外清除自由基活性比较研究

为了研究天然植物花色苷的抗氧化活性,本实验用醇提法从几种天然植物中提取出花色苷,采用DPPH自由基体系、羟基自由基体系以及超氧阴离子自由基体系,对其体外清除自由基活性进行研究并通过IC50值比较各植物花色苷清除自由基活性的强弱。结果表明,荔枝皮花色苷清除DPPH自由基、楮果花色苷清除羟基自由基、桑椹花色苷清除超氧阴离子自由基的活性最强,并且各植物花色苷在不同自由基体系中表现出不同的抗氧化活性。     

微波与超声处理对花青素-多酚固态与液态体系色泽的影响

花青素与多酚相互作用具有改善呈色的作用，而其在固态与液态体系中的呈色特性及色泽稳定性还不明确。本实验采用微波与超声处理花青素-多酚液态和固态模拟体系，通过分析处理后花青素-多酚液态和固态体系的表观色泽、光谱特性及多酚、花青素组成含量变化，初步阐释微波与超声处理对花青素-多酚相互作用呈色的影响机制。结果表明，经微波和超声处理后，固态体系L*值升高，b*值降低，a*值无明显变化；液态体系光谱发生红移，说明分子振动、空化效应对光谱吸收影响大；固态和液态体系中总花青素含量提高，多酚含量降低，发生新绿原酸转化为绿原酸反应。多变量统计分析结果显示，不同条件微波与超声处理体系的呈色特性差异显著，该差异主要由体系中不同含量原儿茶酸、儿茶素和总花青素引起。微波功率为30 W或超声时间为90 min处理的花青素-多酚固态体系和液态体系L*值、a*值、b*值、最大吸收波长处的吸光度、总花青素和多酚含量较高，对体系呈色稳定性贡献较大。综上，微波与超声处理可为提升天然花青素稳定性提供新的技术手段。     

花青素加工贮藏稳定性的改善及应用研究进展

花青素是一类广泛存在于果品蔬菜等植物性食品中的水溶性类黄酮色素,不仅为食品提供了丰富的颜色, 而且其呈现的抗氧化、抗炎、抗肿瘤等生理活性使其成为功能性食品研究开发的热点。由于花青素不稳定,其在食 品饮料和膳食补充剂中的应用受到限制。本文在广泛查阅文献的基础上,综述了近年来改善花青素加工贮藏稳定性 的方法和技术,重点论述了共色作用、复合作用及载体包埋等技术方法在提升花青素加工贮藏稳定性方面的进展, 以期为花青素的深入研究和工业化利用提供参考。