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以辽宁省33个稻米品种为材料,研究稻米抗剪切力与食味值及其他品质性状的关系。剪切速度为0.5mm/min;品种间抗剪切力差异显著;剪切力分布区间为31.51~59.63;剪切力与食味值呈显著正相关,而与蛋白质含量呈负相关,与其他品质性状相关性不明显。 相似文献
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籼稻米饭食味与品质性状的相关性分析 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
为研究籼型稻米食味品质与其相关品质指标的关系,对50份籼稻品种的外观性状、理化指标和RVA特征值进行测定,对蒸煮食味品质进行评定。研究结果表明,粒宽、垩白率、垩白度、蛋白质含量均与食味值达到了极显著负相关,而长宽比、碱消值和胶稠度与食味值呈极显著正相关;崩解值与食味值呈显著正相关,最终粘度、回复值、消减值与食味值呈极显著负相关;RVA谱与直链淀粉含量、胶稠度、碱消值的相关性较高;在选出的6个影响稻米食味品质的主因子中,粘度因子、蒸煮因子、外观因子、营养因子和粒形因子对食味品质的累计贡献率为83.8%,为主要因子。由于稻米品质性状间相互关系较为复杂和各主因子的贡献率不同,因此在籼稻优质食用品种选育时,应注意粘度因子、蒸煮因子和外观因子的选择。 相似文献
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以常温下储藏1年的16个水稻品种(系)陈米与其相应的新米为材料,比较分析了稻米理化性状、淀粉RVA谱特征值、食味值及米饭的硬度和黏度。结果表明:陈米的食味值均有不同程度下降;新米食味值高的品种其陈米的食味值也相对较高;与新比相比,陈米的直链淀粉含量和蛋白质含量无明显变化;陈米的最高黏度和崩解值较新米有所上升;陈米米饭的硬度上升,黏度下降,陈米的硬度和黏度分别与其食味值呈显著负相关和正相关关系,相关系数分别为r=-0.537*和r=0.553*,因此可以通过测定陈米的硬度间接评价陈米的食味品质。 相似文献
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为了了解黑龙江省不同稻米品种各品质性状之间的相互关系,采用主成分分析和聚类分析对黑龙江省19个品种水稻品质性状进行相关性分析,得出长宽比与整精米率呈极显著负相关关系,垩白粒率与垩白度和直链淀粉含量呈极显著正相关关系,垩白度与胶稠度和直链淀粉含量分别呈极显著负相关关系和极显著正相关关系,胶稠度与直链淀粉含量呈极显著负相关关系.对各品种水稻的品质性状进行主成分分析,得到了2个代表外观品质和食味品质的主成分,其累计贡献率达到90.968%.对各品种进行聚类分析,稻米品种分为6类,其中以第1、第4、第5、第6类的品质性状表现最好,第2类次之,第3类最差. 相似文献
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以衡阳实验点种植的8个不同品种再生季稻米为研究材料,对其蒸煮食味品质、糊化特性及淀粉的晶体结构进行了测定和相关性分析。结果表明:供试品种中和两优1号和晶两优1468的再生季稻米直链淀粉含量适中,胶稠度长,糊化温度低,其中和两优1号的结晶度低,晶两优1468淀粉内部有序程度高,RVA谱特征值表明这两个品种均具有较好的蒸煮食味品质。相关性分析发现不同品种再生季稻米的直链淀粉含量与相对结晶度显著负相关,同时,相对结晶度与碱消值呈显著负相关,与胶稠度呈显著正相关;1047/1022 cm-1值与峰值时间、最低黏度呈显著负相关。表明再生季稻米中直链淀粉含量变化会影响淀粉的晶体结构,改变其糊化特性,导致稻米蒸煮食味品质的差异。 相似文献
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随着生活质量与消费水平的提高,消费者稻米消费观念已从“吃得好”转变为“吃得健康”,对稻米食味品质和营养品质提出更高要求。稻米食味品质是衡量稻米品质的重要指标,受多种因素的影响。稻米中各营养组分的含量、结构、相互作用及其呈现的理化性质是导致稻米食味品质差异的主要原因,此外,不同蒸煮方法下采用不同的米水比、蒸煮压力、蒸煮温度亦使稻米呈现出不同食味品质,显著影响着稻米可接受度。稻米食味品质虽与加工精度呈正比,但过度加工可导致稻米营养成分大量流失及人体糖分摄入过高,故平衡稻米食味品质与营养品质的适度加工技术成为了当前研究的重要方向。本文总结了稻米的营养组分、理化性质、蒸煮方法及加工精度等因素对稻米食味品质的影响规律,概述了未来稻米食味品质的研究与发展方向,为稻米食味品质的改善和稻米品种的改良提供了理论参考。 相似文献
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《食品科技》2018,(10)
以同一产区、收获期一致,而淀粉含量有差异的26个品种大米为研究材料。通过相关分析,研究大米直链淀粉含量与米饭物性特征及感官品质之间的相关特性。结果表明:稻米的直链淀粉含量(Amylose content,AC)与长宽比成极显著正相关(P0.01)。蒸煮以后,直链淀粉含量与脂肪和蛋白质呈显著负相关关系。直链淀粉与黏性长度、硬度显著正相关(P0.05),与弹性、内聚性、胶黏性、咀嚼性成极显著正相关(P0.01),与黏性呈负相关关系(不显著)。而直链淀粉含量是影响大米食用品质的最主要因素,可作为衡量稻米食味品质的重要指标。因此,直链淀粉含量越高,稻米食味品质越差,感官食味值越低。 相似文献
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以3个粳稻品种(系)为材料,设置5种碾磨处理,测定稻米外观和理化特性,研究碾磨度对粳稻外观品质和食味理化特性的影响。随着碾磨度的增加,米粒长度减小,碾磨度超过13%,长度显著下降(P<0.05),碾磨对短粗籽粒稻米的宽、厚及长宽比影响较小。碾磨度为9%~10%可以满足消费者对稻米白度的需求,当碾磨度超过9%~10%时,3个品种(系)碎米率增幅加大。随着碾磨度的增加,蛋白质含量和米饭硬度下降,直链淀粉含量、米饭黏度和食味值提高。从糙米到碾磨度15%,津原U99、津原45和晶香432蛋白质含量分别下降15.9%、14.6%和20.4%。碾磨度为2%时,米饭硬度分别下降49.6%、49.8%和46.5%,此后下降缓慢。碾磨度与米粒长度、蛋白质含量、米饭硬度和硬度/黏度呈极显著负相关(P<0.01),与稻米白度值、碎米率、直链淀粉含量、米饭黏度和食味值呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。碾磨度对稻米食味理化特性的影响存在品种间差异。津原U99和津原45最适宜的碾磨度为9%,晶香432最适宜的碾磨度为13%,可以确保良好的食味理化特性并满足消费者对外观品质的需求。 相似文献
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Figueroa-González I Quijano G Ramírez G Cruz-Guerrero A 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》2011,91(8):1341-1348
Owing to their health benefits, probiotics and prebiotics are nowadays widely used in yogurts and fermented milks, which are leader products of functional foods worldwide. The world market for functional foods has grown rapidly in the last three decades, with an estimated size in 2003 of ca US$ 33 billion, while the European market estimation exceeded US$ 2 billion in the same year. However, the production of probiotics and prebiotics at industrial scale faces several challenges, including the search for economical and abundant raw materials for prebiotic production, the low-cost production of probiotics and the improvement of probiotic viability after storage or during the manufacturing process of the functional food. In this review, functional foods based on probiotics and prebiotics are introduced as a key biotechnological field with tremendous potential for innovation. A concise state of the art addressing the fundamentals and challenges for the development of new probiotic- and prebiotic-based foods is presented, the niches for future research being clearly identified and discussed. 相似文献
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常用消毒灭菌法及其机理与应用 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
介绍了采用消毒灭菌方法,有加热消毒法,紫外线辐射法和化学药剂消毒法。常用化学药剂有醛类、含氯消毒剂、醇类消毒剂以及高锰酸钾、生石灰等,阐释了消毒与灭菌两个概念的区别。 相似文献
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The objectives of the current study were to investigate the relationship between body condition score (BCS) and dairy form and changes in genetic parameters for BCS and dairy form within and across lactations and age. Body condition score and dairy form were obtained from the Holstein Association USA, Inc. Records were edited to include those cows classified between 24 and 60 mo of age and between 0 and 335 d in milk (DIM). A minimum of 20 daughters per sire and 15 cows per herd-classification visit were required. The dataset consisted of 135,178 records from 119,215 cows. Repeatability, multiple trait, and random regression models were used to analyze the data. All models included fixed effects for herd-classification visit, age within lactations 1, 2, and 3 or higher, and 5th-order polynomials for DIM. Random effects included sire and permanent environment for all models. Random regression models included age at classification nested within sire or DIM and lactation number nested within sire. Genetic variance for both BCS and dairy form was lowest in early lactation and highest in midlactation. Genetic correlations within and across lactations were high. The genetic correlation between DIM 0 in lactation 1 and DIM 305 in lactation 3 was estimated to be 0.77 for BCS and 0.60 for dairy form. The genetic correlation estimate between 30 mo of age at classification and 50 mo of age at classification was 0.94 for both dairy form and BCS. The repeatability models appeared to generate accurate evaluations for BCS or dairy form at all ages and stages of lactation. 相似文献
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