环氧氯丙烷交联沸水溶胀制备非晶颗粒态淀粉

采用环氧氯丙烷高交联改性的方法处理玉米淀粉,然后对交联淀粉水浴加热至100℃制备非晶颗粒态淀粉.考察不同的交联剂用量对玉米原淀粉非晶化的影响.用偏光显微镜观测处理后淀粉颗粒结构,结合X射线衍射曲线确认淀粉由多晶态向非晶态的变化.结果表明,当交联剂环氧氯丙烷用量达到8.0%(淀粉干基)的时候,玉米淀粉可由多晶颗粒态的原淀粉制备出只含无定形结构的非晶颗粒态淀粉.     

混合酸交联高温溶胀制备非晶颗粒态淀粉

采用已二酸和醋酸酯的混合酸交联处理玉米淀粉,然后对交联淀粉水浴加热至80℃制备非晶颗粒态淀粉.本文考察了不同的交联剂用量对玉米原淀粉非晶化的影响.用偏光显微镜观测处理后淀粉颗粒结构,结合X射线衍射曲线确认淀粉由多晶态向非晶态的变化.结果表明,当交联剂用量达到13%（淀粉干基）的时候,玉米淀粉可由多晶颗粒态的原淀粉制备出只含无定形结构的非晶颗粒态淀粉.     

高交联玉米淀粉的非晶化特性

研究了以三氯氧磷为交联剂的高交联玉米淀粉的制备方法,报道了高交联玉米淀粉颗粒随反应取代度增加而逐渐非晶化的现象.采用偏光显微镜和广角X-射线衍射对其由多晶态向非晶态的渐变过程进行了研究,提出高交联玉米淀粉中存在不同于原淀粉多晶颗粒态的只含无定形结构的非晶颗粒态。对非晶颗粒态高交联玉米淀粉颗粒的粒度分布的进一步研究结果还表明,此时的淀粉颗粒发生了轻度的膨胀。     

非晶颗粒态玉米淀粉制备方法

系统地报道了水分散体系高温溶胀、常温碱分散体系强碱溶胀作用非晶颗粒态玉米淀粉制备方法,采用偏光显微镜对多晶态向非晶态的变化进行了确认,提出在一定条件下,高交联玉米淀粉可以由原淀粉多晶颗粒态制备成只含无定形结构的非晶颗粒态淀粉。     

高温水分散体系交联玉米淀粉的非晶化现象研究

研究了用三偏磷酸钠为交联剂制备高交联玉米淀粉的方法,采用偏光显微镜和广角X-射线衍射对交联玉米淀粉由多晶态向非晶态的渐变过程进行了详细报道,发现了随着温度的升高交联玉米淀粉逐渐非晶化现象,提出在高温条件下交联玉米淀粉存在着只含无定型结构的非晶颗粒态,并用扫描电镜对非晶颗粒态玉米淀粉的结构进行了详细研究.     

高交联木薯淀粉非晶化特性研究

研究了以三氯氧磷为交联剂的高交联木薯淀粉的制备方法,报告了高交联木薯淀粉颗粒随反应取代度增加而逐渐非晶化的现象;同时,采用偏光显微镜和广角Ｘ－射线衍射对其由多晶态向非晶态的渐变过程进行了研究,提出高交联木薯淀粉存在着不同于原淀粉多晶颗粒态的只含无定形结构的非晶颗粒态。对非晶颗粒态高交联木薯淀粉颗粒的粒度分布的进一步研究结果还表明,此时的淀粉颗粒发生了轻度有限的膨胀     

非晶颗粒态玉米淀粉理化性质及消化性能的研究

非晶颗粒态淀粉是一种特殊的淀粉物态形式,具有颗粒性,但不具有结晶性。为了实现对原淀粉颗粒的改性,本文以玉米淀粉为原料,采用乙醇溶液处理法制备非晶颗粒态淀粉。在此基础上,研究了这种非晶化处理方法对玉米淀粉的颗粒形貌、结晶性质、溶解度与膨胀力及体外消化性能的影响。结果表明,原淀粉经非晶化处理后颗粒性仍保持完整,但颗粒表面有较大爆裂孔生成,并出现明显褶皱;非晶颗粒态玉米淀粉呈现V-型衍射结构,其结晶性基本消失,颗粒由多晶颗粒态结构转变为非晶颗粒态结构;与玉米原淀粉相比,其溶解度和膨胀度在相同的测定温度下均明显增加。原淀粉经乙醇溶液处理后,其快消化淀粉含量由92.83%下降到81.64%。而慢消化淀粉和抗性淀粉总含量由7.17%上升到18.36%。因此,采用乙醇溶液处理法对淀粉颗粒进行改性将有助于开发低热量和慢血糖应答的产品。     

非晶颗粒态马铃薯淀粉的制备方法

报道了水分散体系高温溶胀、常温碱分散体系强碱溶胀作用非晶颗粒态马铃薯淀粉的制备方法 ,采用偏光显微镜对多晶态向非晶态的变化进行了确认 ,提出在一定条件下 ,高交联马铃薯淀粉 ,可以由原淀粉多晶颗粒态制备成只含无定形结构的非晶颗粒态淀粉     

以捏合机为反应器制备非晶颗粒态玉米淀粉

以捏合机为反应器,研究制备非晶颗粒态淀粉的新方法。将淀粉与水分按不同比例混合并在高温下反应,用偏光显微镜观测处理后的淀粉颗粒结构。结果表明,当淀粉与水分质量比为3∶6时,温度80℃维持30min,90%以上的原玉米淀粉多晶颗粒态转化成无定形结构的非晶颗粒态。     

高交联马铃薯淀粉非晶化特性研究

研究了以三氯氧磷为交联剂的高交联马铃薯淀粉的制备方法,报道了高交联马铃闰随反应承代度增加而逐渐非晶化的现象,同时,采用偏光显生镜和广角Ｘ－射线衍射对其由多晶态向非晶态的渐变过程进行了研究,提出主交联马铃薯淀粉存在着不同于原淀粉多晶颗粒态的只含无定形结构的非晶颗态。对非晶颗粒态高交联马铃薯淀粉颗粒的粒度分布的进一步研究还表明,此时的淀粉颗粒发生了轻度有限的膨胀。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.