离子色谱-脉冲安培法测定饮料中的聚葡萄糖的含量

通过优化标准方法AOAC 2000.11和GB 5009.245-2016的样品前处理过程，简单、高效准确地分析饮料中添加的聚葡萄糖含量。方法 样品经离心超滤净化，去除基质干扰，采用色谱柱分离，离子色谱-脉冲安培检测器测定，外标法定量。结果 聚葡萄糖在0.20 ~ 2.00 g/L的浓度范围内呈良好线性关系 (R2 > 0.999)。方法检出限和定量限分别为0.01 和0.03 g/L，三个添加水平的平均加标回收率为90.0%~98.8%，相对标准偏差为0.63%~2.36%。同时考察了市场上10种不同品类的饮料，加标回收率为93.0%-105%。结论 本方法样品前处理简单、快速、广泛适用于饮料中添加的聚葡萄糖含量测定。     

高效离子色谱法同时测定婴幼儿配方奶粉中单糖及功能性低聚糖的研究

目的建立高效阴离子交换色谱-脉冲安培检测同时测定婴幼儿配方奶粉中4种单糖和9种功能性低聚糖的方法。方法样品经提取、乙酸沉淀蛋白、净化处理后,外标法定量。淋洗液为乙酸钠和氢氧化钠,流速0.4 ml/min,梯度洗脱,洗脱时间50 min。采用高效阴离子交换色谱,色谱柱为CarboPacTM PA20(3 mm×150 mm),柱温30℃,脉冲安培检测。结果4种单糖线性范围为0.1~5.0 mg/L,9种功能性低聚糖线性范围为0.2~10.0 mg/L,相关系数(r)均大于0.995,方法回收率为82.0%~106.1%,RSD为2.7%~8.9%(n=13),检出限为2.0 mg/100 g。结论该方法简便、快速、高灵敏、无干扰,适用于奶粉中的单糖和功能性低聚糖的电化学方法同时定量检测。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定鱼肉中的七种全氟有机物

建立了液相色谱-串联质谱检测鱼肉中七种全氟有机物残留的分析方法。通过优化和比较,样品选用甲醇均质提取,C18固相萃取小柱净化,以乙腈-5mmol/L乙酸铵为流动相经C8反相色谱柱分离后,采用多反应监测(MRM)负离子模式检测。阴性样品添加实验结果表明,特征离子相对强度比值稳定,基质效应干扰少,结合保留时间可实现准确的定性定量,方法检出限为0.01～0.03μg/kg(S/N=3),不同鱼肉基质样本添加水平在0.05～1.0μg/kg时,平均回收率为80.0%～120.0%,相对偏差(n=6)为2.9%～7.6%。     

高效液相色谱法测定食品中的酸性橙Ⅱ

建立食品中非食用色素酸性橙Ⅱ的高效液相色谱快速检测方法。样品用饱和乙腈提取,经饱和正己烷萃取除去油溶性色素及杂质,采用高效液相色谱柱分离,二极管阵列检测器(DAD)检测,结合标准物质保留时间和DAD光谱图进行定性分析,外标法定量。色谱柱为AgilentZORBAXSB-C18(150mm×4.6mm,5μm),流动相为乙腈-体积分数0.3%醋酸溶液进行梯度洗脱,检测波长为484nm,线性范围为0.01～1.0μg/mL,相关系数R2=0.9997。采用本方法对乳制品、辣椒粉、辣椒酱、卤肉制品、卤蛋、卤豆腐干6种常见基质进行验证,结果表明,HPLC-DAD测定食品中的酸性橙Ⅱ,对于1.0g样品定容至5mL、进样量为20μL时,检出限为0.05mg/kg;添加标准回收实验表明,本方法在添加水平分别为0.05、0.1、0.2mg/kg时的样品平均回收率在74.9%～100.0%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)在1.41%～8.64%之间(n=6)。本方法准确、可靠。     

离子色谱法测定食品中的安赛蜜含量

目的建立离子色谱法测定食品中安赛蜜的含量。方法样品采用纯水超声浸提,提取液经C_(18)固相萃取小柱除杂后,用戴安AS-19(250 mm×4 mm,7.5μm)色谱柱进行分离,以20 mmol/LKOH作为淋洗液进行电导检测,以外标法定量。结果安赛蜜在1.0~5.0 mg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数r为0.9992;方法回收率为95.0%~98.8%,对阳性样品进行6次重复测定,计算结果的相对标准偏差为0.20%;检出限为0.5 mg/kg。食品中的常规阴离子如硫酸根离子、氯离子、乙酸根等以及样品的pH均不干扰安赛蜜的测定。结论该方法准确灵敏且快速简便,可以用于食品中安赛蜜的测定。     

淋洗液发生器离子色谱测定面粉制品中的溴酸根

建立了淋洗液发生器电导抑制离子色谱测定面粉制品中的溴酸根的方法,采用高容量阴离子色谱柱IonPacAS11HC为分离柱,采用自动淋洗液发生器产生的高纯KOH淋洗,样品经提取,去除部分有机物和氯离子后,进样分析.方法的线性范围广,灵敏度高,重现性好,样品相对标准偏差RSD为4.66%,样品平均加标回收率91.5%-93.6%,检出限为5μg/kg.     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定大米中高氯酸盐含量

目的建立高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定大米中高氯酸盐的含量。方法样品提取液经过固相萃取柱快速净化处理后去除基质干扰物,采用Thermo Acclaim TRINITY P1色谱柱分离,以乙腈-20 mmol/L甲酸铵为流动相进行梯度洗脱,流速为0.3mL/min,柱温30℃,外标法定量检测。结果在高氯酸盐浓度为1.0～100.0 ng/mL的范围内的线性相关系数较好(r=0.999),检出限为4.0μg/kg,定量限为10.0μg/kg,高、中、低3个浓度水平的加标回收率在82.3%～93.2%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差小于5%(n=6)。结论该方法简便快捷、灵敏可靠,适用于大米中高氯酸盐的快速检测。     

超高效液相色谱法快速测定原料乳中的双氰胺

建立了超高效液相色谱检测原料乳中双氰胺的分析方法。采用甲醇提取样品中的双氰胺,HILICS色谱柱为分析柱,流动相为乙腈-10 mmol/L乙酸铵(90∶10,体积比),流速0.4 mL/min,检测波长230 nm。双氰胺在0.006 mg/L～10.0 mg/L范围内具有良好的线性关系,标准曲线方程为y=90.336x+0.994 6,R2=0.999 9。方法检出限为0.05 mg/kg,不同添加水平平均回收率在87.0%～91.6%之间,变异系数3.84%(n=6)。此方法操作简便,可在15min内完成快速检测,适用于原料乳中双氰胺残留的快速筛查。     

QuEChERS-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定动物源性食品中5种双酰胺类杀虫剂的残留

目的 采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱方法检测猪肉、猪肝、鸭肉、鸡肉和鱼肉等动物源性食品中5种双酰胺类杀虫剂(氟苯虫酰胺、氯虫苯甲酰胺、溴氰虫酰胺、四氯虫酰胺、环溴虫酰胺)的残留量。方法 采用QuEChERS样品前处理技术,样品经乙腈水提取,提取液用1 g无水硫酸镁和2 g氯化钠脱水,150 mg N-丙基乙二胺、150 mg C₁₈和400 mg无水硫酸镁净化,以乙腈-5 mmol/L乙酸铵溶液作为流动相,经ACQUITY UPLC BEH C₁₈色谱柱梯度洗脱分离,电喷雾离子源离子化,负离子多反应监测模式检测。结果 5种双酰胺类杀虫剂在2～50 ng/mL的质量浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r)大于0.999 0,在3.0 μg/kg、6.0 μg/kg和12.0 μg/kg 3个添加水平下,5种双酰胺类杀虫剂的回收率范围为79.6%～112.4%,相对标准偏差(relative standard deviations, RSD)为0.6%～6.9% (n=6),方法检出限和定量限范围分别为0.7～1.0 μg/kg和2.0～3.0 μg/kg。结论 本方法操作简单、灵敏度和准确度高、重现性好,可同时检测动物源性食品中5种双酰胺类杀虫剂的残留量,为其日常监管提供了技术支持。     

LC-MS/MS测定鞋材中的全氟辛烷磺酸盐

建立了纺织品和皮革样品中全氟辛烷磺酸盐(PFOS)的提取方法,样品用甲醇或乙腈超声提取,提取液经C18柱净化,去除基质干扰后用液相色谱-质谱/质谱联用法(LC-MS/MS)检测,标准曲线线性良好,相关系数r=0.9996,灵敏度高,若是刮表层的检出限为0.4μg/m2,若是称重的检出限为0.02 mg/kg,回收率达78%～89%.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.