吉林省2011~2015年食品中蜡样芽胞杆菌污染监测数据分析

目的为了掌握吉林省市售食品中蜡样芽胞杆菌污染情况,为预防食源性疾病及保障食品安全工作提供科学研究数据。方法：根据GBT4789.14-2014中华人民共和国食品安全国家标准 蜡样芽胞杆菌检验方法对2011-2015年的1693份样品进行蜡样芽孢杆菌监测。结果 1693份样品中检出蜡样芽胞杆菌557株,总检出率为32.90%。2015年阳性检出率较其他年份显著升高。乳与乳制品污染最为严重,其次为餐饮食品和婴幼儿配方食品,其检出率分别为39.45%、31.49%和31.09%。餐饮服务环节与流通环节、散装与预包装等因素对阳性检出率无显著性差别。结论五年间吉林省食品中蜡样芽胞杆菌均存在严重污染, 2015年该菌污染率显著升高。相关部门应加强重视,加大监管力度,预防食源性疾病的发生。     

抗菌肽cp1对蜡样芽孢杆菌的抑菌作用及在巴氏杀菌乳中的应用

目的 探究抗菌肽cp1对蜡样芽孢杆菌的抑菌作用,并进一步分析抗菌肽cp1在巴氏杀菌乳中的应用。方法 以蜡样芽胞杆菌为研究对象,通过测定抑菌圈直径(diameter of inhibition zone, DIZ)、最小抑菌浓度(minimal inhibitory concentration, MIC)、最小杀菌浓度(minimum bactericidal concentration, MBC)评价抗菌肽cp1对蜡样芽胞杆菌的抑菌效果。通过分析生长曲线、细胞内三磷酸腺苷(adenosine triphosphate,ATP)、膜电位、内容物渗出和细胞形态的变化,来揭示可能的作用机制。在此基础上,并探究抗菌肽cp1在巴氏杀菌乳贮藏中的应用。结果 当抗菌肽cp1浓度为10 ug/mL时,其对蜡样芽胞杆菌的DIZ为16.19 ± 1.29mm;抗菌肽cp1对蜡样芽孢杆菌的MIC、MBC分别为4 ug/mL和8 ug/mL;当抗菌肽cp1浓度为2 MIC时,蜡样芽胞杆菌几乎不生长;抗菌肽cp1导致细胞内ATP含量降低,细胞膜超极化,细胞液(包括核酸和蛋白质)漏出,细胞形态破坏;在巴氏杀菌乳中添加1 MIC抗菌肽cp1对乳感官均无显著影响,且4 ℃ 条件下可抗菌肽cp1有效抑制蜡样芽孢杆菌的生长,将其保质期至少延长到12 d。结论? 抗菌肽cp1对蜡样芽孢杆菌具有较强的抑菌效果,具有延长巴氏杀菌乳货架期的潜力。     

石家庄市131株食源性蜡样芽胞杆菌毒力基因的分布

目的研究石家庄市食源性蜡样芽胞杆菌毒力基因的分布及毒力活性,了解蜡样芽胞杆菌的潜在威胁。方法采用PCR方法,对食品风险监测中分离到的131株蜡样芽胞杆菌进行肠毒素、呕吐毒素9种毒力基因扩增检测,用血平板检测的方法分析蜡样芽胞杆菌的毒力。结果毒力基因携带率较高,至少携带一个毒力基因的菌株达到检出菌总数的99.2%(130/131),溶血素BL基因(hbl ACD)和肠毒素FM基因(ent FM)是石家庄市食源性蜡样芽胞杆菌的主要毒力基因;检出的蜡样芽胞杆菌均产生溶血素BL,检出率为100%。结论腹泻型肠毒素在食品中的分布比较广泛,检出的蜡样芽胞杆菌均具有溶血素,对进食者存在潜在的危险性,今后应加强监控蜡样芽胞杆菌的污染,预防和控制蜡样芽胞杆菌食源性疾病的发生。     

2014—2021年山东省学校食源性疾病暴发事件流行特征分析

目的 分析山东省学校食源性疾病暴发事件的流行病学特征，为有效防控学校食源性疾病提供参考依据。方法 收集2014—2021年通过国家食源性疾病暴发监测网报告的山东省学校食源性疾病暴发事件监测数据，对发病时间、发病地区、致病因子、原因食品、引发因素等流行病学特征进行分析。结果 山东省共报告学校食源性疾病暴发事件425起，累计发病5 147例，平均每年643例，住院653例，死亡0例。83.1%(353/425)的暴发事件未确定致病因子，22.4%(95/425)的暴发事件未确定原因食品。微生物因素引起的暴发事件数最多，占已知病因暴发事件的76.4%(55/72)。蜡样芽胞杆菌和沙门菌是最常见的病原体，分别占微生物暴发事件的25.5%(14/55)和21.8%(12/55)。最常见的原因食品为混合食品（18.1%,77/425）、多种食品（15.3%,65/425）、肉与肉制品（13.7%,58/425）和粮食制品（8.9%,38/425）;9月是高发月份；引发因素以多因素居多，其次为加工不当、储存不当及误食误用。结论 学校和食品安全管理相关部门应定期开展对食堂从业人员的培训和对学生的食品安...     

2016年昆明市学校周边食品及婴幼儿食品卫生安全调查

目的 了解2016年昆明市学校周边食品及婴幼儿食品的卫生状况。方法 采集昆明市区的学校午餐、学校周边流动食品、学校周边即食儿童食品、婴幼儿配方食品及鲜乳共203份样品, 按照国家食品污染和有害因素风险监测工作手册的方法进行检测。结果 203份样品中, 共检出19株蜡样芽胞杆菌, 致病菌检出率为9.4%。其中, 学校周边食品的蜡样芽胞杆菌检出率为18.2%, 婴幼儿食品的蜡样芽胞杆菌检出率为4.0%。结论 昆明市学校周边食品及婴幼儿食品中存在蜡样芽胞杆菌污染, 有一定的安全隐患, 相关监管部门应加强监督, 预防食源性疾病的发生。     

免疫磁珠——环介导等温扩增快速检测巴氏杀菌乳中蜡样芽孢杆菌的四环素耐药基因tetL

建立了免疫磁珠分离（IMS）结合环介导等温扩增（LAMP）检测巴氏杀菌乳中蜡样芽孢杆菌的四环素耐药基因tet L的方法。结果表明：经优化后,每微克链霉亲和素纳米磁珠与375 ng生物素标记的芽孢杆菌抗体偶联,在含有1×103 CFU/mL耐四环素蜡样芽孢杆菌的巴氏杀菌乳中,25μL免疫磁珠孵育1 h后,对蜡样芽孢杆菌BA117的捕获率为68.1%。该IMS-LAMP方法特异性高,2 h内对巴氏杀菌乳中耐四环素蜡样芽孢杆菌的检测灵敏度为24 CFU/mL。IMS-LAMP方法具有用时短,灵敏度高,操作简单等优点,可以有效检测巴氏杀菌乳中蜡样芽孢杆菌的四环素耐药基因。     

一起由细菌混合感染引起的旅行团食物中毒案例分析

快速、准确地检测引起群体性食物中毒的有毒物质及其含量,为食物中毒应急处置提供科学依据。方法 根据食品安全事故流行病学调查技术指南及WS/T 82—1996、WS/T 81—1996诊断标准,采用常规方法及多重实时荧光PCR技术对送检的30份样品进行检测。结果 分别在送检的1份呕吐物中检出蜡样芽胞杆菌肠毒素,3份腹泻物中检出副溶血性弧菌,2份餐余食物中检出蜡样芽胞杆菌,1份餐余食物中检出副溶血性弧菌。结论 本次食源性疾病事件由蜡样芽胞杆菌及其肠毒素、副溶血性弧菌混合感染引起。     

广州市市售食品中蜡样芽胞杆菌监测结果分析

目的 了解广州市市售食品中蜡样芽胞杆菌污染及分布情况, 发现危险因素。方法 2014~2018年共采集6类共2011份食品样品, 开展蜡样芽胞杆菌监测分析。结果 蜡样芽胞杆菌检出阳性样品共146份, 总体检出率为7.26%。其中6份样品蜡样芽胞杆菌检出值超过105 CFU/g。不同食品类别中小摊贩食品检出率最高, 达到了10.62%, 其次为烘焙食品(8.69%)、寿司(7.50%)、冷藏膳食(6.67%)、盒饭(6.36%)和熟制米面制品(5.00%)。第3季度检出率最高, 为8.77%, 其次为第2季度(7.98%), 最低的是第1季度(5.09%)。不同采样场所中采自小摊贩的食品蜡样芽胞杆菌检出率最高(11.21%), 其次为餐饮单位(9.31%)和农贸肉菜市场(8.07%), 最低的是超市(6.56%)。散装食品蜡样芽胞杆菌检出率(7.61%)高于预包装食品(5.38%)。中心城区食品蜡样芽胞杆菌检出率(9.24%)高于周边区(3.65%)。结论 广州市市售食品存在不同程度的蜡样芽胞杆菌污染, 部分食品存在安全隐患, 相关部门应针对性加强监管, 预防食源性疾病的发生。     

利用BioLumix微生物荧光光电检测系统快速检测蜡样芽胞杆菌

近段时期,由微生物污染导致的国内外食品安全事件频发,从德国的O104：H4出血性大肠杆菌污染事件,到香港食物安全报告显示某牛奶产品被检出蜡样芽胞杆菌超标,让我们感到由食品微生物污染引起的食源性疾病依然是食品安全的主要问题。     

2012—2014年江西省市售婴幼儿配方食品中蜡样芽胞杆菌调查及呕吐毒素基因分析

目的了解2012—2014年江西省市售婴幼儿配方食品中蜡样芽胞杆菌的污染情况并对呕吐毒素基因进行分析。方法在全省市县中选取13个采样点,包括超市、百货商场、便利店、农贸市场、网店、批发市场,随机抽取婴幼儿配方食品397份,对蜡样芽胞杆菌进行检测和鉴定,同时应用叠氮溴化丙锭内参多重PCR方法检测分离株的呕吐毒素基因。结果 397份食品中蜡样芽胞杆菌阳性率为13.10%(52/397),其中2013年阳性率最高。不同采样点的阳性率差异有统计学意义(P0.05),不同产地、不同流通环节和不同年龄段的阳性率差异无统计学意义(P0.05),52份阳性食品中检出呕吐型蜡样芽胞杆菌2份,呕吐毒素阳性率为3.85%。结论江西省市售婴幼儿配方食品中存在蜡样芽胞杆菌及呕吐型蜡样芽胞杆菌的污染,存在一定的安全隐患,相关监管部门应继续加强监管,预防食源性疾病的发生。     

Cotton contamination

This review focusses on physical forms of contaminant including the presence, prevention and/or removal of foreign bodies, stickiness and seed-coat fragments rather than the type and quantity of chemical residues that might be present in cotton. Contamination in cotton, even if it is a single foreign fibre, can lead to the downgrading of yarn, fabric or garments, or even to the total rejection of an entire batch and can cause irreparable harm to the relationship between growers, ginners, merchants and textile and clothing mills. Contamination thus continues to be a very important cotton fibre quality parameter in the production pipeline, with countries and cotton that are perceived to be contaminated heavily discounted. At the same time, spinners are implementing various methods to detect and eliminate contamination. Given the adverse effect on processing and product quality arising from contamination, it was considered important to compile a review of published work and knowledge relating to the incidence, detection, measurement, consequences and reduction of contamination.     

Melamine contamination in milk powder in Uruguay

Forty samples of milk powder purchased in Uruguay were analysed to assess melamine (MEL) levels. Trichloroacetic acid and acetonitrile were used to extract and precipitate milk proteins previously to clean up of the samples by solid-phase extraction and then were determined by liquid chromatography coupled to ultraviolet detection. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ)of MEL were 0.006 and 0.019 mg kg^?1, respectively. Milk was fortified with MEL at three levels, producing average recoveries higher than 83.8%. The values for positive samples ranged from 0.017 to 0.082 mg kg^?1. Nine samples were positive. Three of them had concentrations between LOD and LOQ. The mean MEL contamination was 0.028 mg kg^?1. Consumption of milk powder containing these levels of MEL does not constitute a health risk for consumers.     

Aflatoxin contamination in food commodities in Bangladesh

During September 2009, we performed a rapid cross-sectional study to investigate the extent of aflatoxin contamination among common Bangladeshi foods. We collected eight common human food commodities (rice, lentils, wheat flour, dates, betelnut, red chili powder, ginger and groundnuts) and poultry feed samples from two large markets in each of three cities in Bangladesh. We quantified aflatoxin levels from pooled subsamples using fluorescence high-performance liquid chromatography. Aflatoxin levels were highest in dates and groundnuts (maximum 623 and 423?ng/g), respectively. Samples of betelnut (mean 30.6?ng/g), lentils (mean 21.2?ng/g) and red chili powder (>20?ng/g) also had elevated levels. The mean aflatoxin level among poultry feed samples was 73.0?ng/g. Aflatoxin levels were above the US maximum regulatory levels of 20?ng/g in five of eight commonly ingested human food commodities tested.     

啤酒酿造过程中微生物污染的控制

尽管啤酒是一个微生物稳定的产品,但是在啤酒酿造过程中容易受到一些有害微生物的污染.这些微生物的污染不但会影响到啤酒的质量,如产生异味、混浊等,而且严重时还会给啤酒厂家造成经济损失.因此,在啤酒酿造过程中防止有害微生物的生长具有特别重要的意叉.本文介绍了啤酒酿造过程中污染微生物种类、控制要求及控制策略.     

黄曲霉毒素与食品污染

食品污染包括很多,黄曲霉毒素的污染是其中比较突出的一种。就黄曲霉毒素在中国食品的污染和监测情况,及有关黄曲霉毒素预防控制措施进行简要评述。     

Lead contamination of raisins sold in Canada

Graphite-furnace atomic absorption spectrometric analysis of raisins imported in 1993-95 from different countries into Canada showed that raisins from Turkey had unusually high lead levels. The Turkish raisins ( n =18) contained a mean (range) of 0.93 (0.056- 3.1)mg kg -1 lead, whereas five samples from Australia, South Africa, Iran, Mexico and Chile contained a mean of 0.0085 (0.005-0.010)mg kg -1 . Acid-washing studies showed that most of the lead in the Turkish raisins was on the surface of the fruit. The impact of eating the raisins on the dietary intake of lead was estimated for Canadians of different ages and sexes. For example, eating raisins from Turkey would increase the dietary intake of lead by 1-4-year-old children from 0.97 to ~2.2 μg kg -1 body weightday -1 . The source of the lead was traced to use of a copper fungicide contaminated with high lead levels. Currently, lead levels in raisins imported from Turkey are low and approach levels in raisins from other countries. Uncontaminated raisins contain ~0.01mg lead kg -1 , and a maximum tolerance for lead in raisins of 0.1mg kg -1 is achievable irrespective of the type of raisin or country of origin. Therefore, consideration should be given to proposing this level as a maximum tolerance for lead in raisins.     

Gluten contamination of cereal foods in Canada

Persons suffering from celiac disease (CD) must avoid foods containing gluten or those contaminated with wheat, barley, or rye. This study was designed to estimate gluten contamination of cereal-based foods available in Canada, whether labelled gluten-free or not. About half of the 148 foods sampled were labelled as gluten-free. According to R5-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), twenty-three cereal-based foods (or 15%) contained more than 20 mg of gluten per kg, including sixteen regular and seven gluten-free foods, the latter being the least contaminated. When used in combination with R5-ELISA, AOAC-ELISA (not detecting barley) was a simple and efficient tool to roughly estimate the nature of the gluten contamination, which was later confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction for barley, and wheat/barley/rice. Rice-, corn- or quinoa-based foods were the safest for celiac patients. In addition to misleading food labelling for both gluten-rich and gluten-free foods, critical issues for persons with CD included foods made with oats or buckwheat (contaminated with wheat and barley gluten) in addition to those, such as breakfast cereals, specifically enriched with barley malt ingredients.     

速冻食品中李斯特菌污染状况研究

为了了解李斯特菌在各类速冻食品中污染情况,研究李斯特菌研究速冻食品中李斯特菌污染状况与检测方法。制备改良李氏增菌液,使用该增菌液对采集的7类共1300个速冻食品样品增菌,分离MMA平板,根据国家标准检测李斯特菌污染情况;使用试管凝集法和玻片凝集法分别开展鞭毛H抗原血清凝集试验和菌体O抗原血清凝集试验,对照李斯特菌血清型判定标准鉴定试验样品血清型。在检测的1300个样品中有97个样品呈现单增李斯特菌阳性,阳性率达到7.46%,速冻即食食品阳性率最高为17.19%,速冻猪肉与速冻鸽肉次之,分别为7.28%和7.37%;其它李斯特菌检测结果显示速冻主食的阳性率最高,达到10.81%,出现两种以上李斯特菌污染;同时检测出较强致病4b血清型,存在严重污染隐患。