Taqman探针荧光PCR法检测食品中的大肠埃希氏菌O145

针对大肠埃希氏菌O145的O抗原基因簇的wck D基因的特异性序列设计引物和Taqman探针,建立检测大肠埃希氏菌O145的荧光PCR方法,对其灵敏度、特异性进行验证,并将其用于食品样品的检测。结果表明,本研究中的方法可实现对大肠埃希氏菌O145的特异性扩增,其它27株非O145大肠埃希氏菌和20株非大肠埃希氏菌细菌的菌株均无扩增;检测的灵敏度可达165拷贝/反应;339份食品样品EC肉汤增菌后用本荧光PCR法进行检测,检出大肠埃希氏菌O145阳性31份,阳性率为9.1%。实验结果表明,本研究成功建立了可用于食品中大肠埃希氏菌O145的Taqman探针荧光PCR方法,食品样品采用EC肉汤增菌24 h、热裂解法提取核酸,增菌后检测所需时间由至少3 d~7 d缩短为仅需2 h~3 h,食品检测全过程仅需约28 h,经证实本方法特异性强、操作简便,为食品中大肠埃希氏菌O145提供了一种的快速检测手段。     

两种方法对水中总大肠菌群和大肠埃希氏菌检测的对比分析

利用多管发酵法和酶底物法检测水中的总大肠菌群与大肠埃希氏菌,对比两种方法的适用性、灵敏度等,对比分析多管发酵法和酶底物法2种方法对水中总大肠菌群和大肠埃希氏菌的检测情况。结果表明,2种方法对适用性菌株存在差异;在1 MPN/100m L浓度下,酶底物法更加灵敏;在加标样和平行样检测中,酶底物法表现更为稳定。由此可得,在水中检测总大肠菌群与大肠埃希氏菌可应用多管发酵法和酶底物法,但与多管发酵法相比,酶底物法优势显著,用时较短、操作简单、便于观察,值得推广。     

3种食品致病菌实时荧光核酸恒温扩增试剂盒

目的 以传统国标培养法作为参考比对方法,考察实时荧光核酸恒温扩增(simultaneous amplification and testing, SAT)食品检测试剂盒,在食品中检测致病菌志贺氏菌、大肠埃希氏菌O157：H7/NM,以及阪崎肠杆菌的一致性。方法 以食品中志贺氏菌、大肠埃希氏菌O157：H7/NM和阪崎肠杆菌国标培养法为参考方法,以基因测序法作为确认法。,考量SAT食品检测试剂盒方法的灵敏度、特异性、假阳性率、假阴性率、准确度,同时进行2种方法的显著差检验。结果 3种SAT食品检测试剂盒灵敏度均为100%,假阴性为0;特异性志贺氏菌100%,阪崎肠杆菌100%,大肠埃希氏菌O157：H7/NM 98.4%。大肠埃希氏菌O157：H7/NM假阳性率为1.2%。结论 SAT试剂盒检测方法具有高灵敏度、特异性强、准确度高,无一例漏检。     

3种食品致病菌实时荧光核酸恒温扩增试剂盒方法验证比对研究

目的以传统国标培养法作为参考比对方法,考察实时荧光核酸恒温扩增(simultaneous amplification and testing,SAT)食品检测试剂盒,在食品中检测食源性致病菌如志贺氏菌、大肠埃希氏菌O157∶H7/NM、阪崎肠杆菌的一致性。方法以食品中志贺氏菌、大肠埃希氏菌O157∶H7/NM和阪崎肠杆菌国标培养法为参考方法,以基因测序法作为确认法,考量SAT食品检测试剂盒方法的灵敏度、特异性、假阳性率、假阴性率、准确度,同时进行2种方法的显著差异检验。结果 3种SAT食品检测试剂盒灵敏度均为100%,假阴性为0;特异性:志贺氏菌100%,阪崎肠杆菌100%,大肠埃希氏菌O157∶H7/NM 98.4%。大肠埃希氏菌O157∶H7/NM假阳性率为1.2%。结论 SAT试剂盒检测方法具有灵敏度高、特异性强、准确度高的优点,无一例漏检。     

荧光型重组酶聚合酶扩增技术检测食品中大肠埃希氏菌O157

研究基于荧光型重组酶聚合酶扩增(exo-RPA)技术原理,建立了一种大肠埃希氏菌O157的快速检测方法。应用该方法对多种大肠埃希氏菌O157菌株和非大肠埃希氏菌O157菌株的检测结果表明,该方法的荧光探针和引物具有良好的特异性。对于梯度稀释的插入靶基因序列的质粒pUC57-rfbE和大肠埃希氏菌0157的检测,大肠埃希氏菌O157 exo-RPA检测灵敏度分别可以达到10~2 copies/μL和2.1×10~4 cfu/mL。对食品样品中大肠埃希氏菌0157的检测,exo-RPA方法显示出了良好的稳定性。并且食品样品中目标菌经4 h增菌后,该方法的灵敏性可以满足对食品样品中初始浓度为2.1×10~1 cfu/mL的目标菌的检测。因为大肠埃希氏菌exo-RPA方法配套设备简便、廉价,所以该方法可以在各级检测机构中推广,并适用于食品生产到消费各环节中大肠埃希氏菌0157的即时检测。     

侧向流动型重组酶聚合酶扩增技术检测食品中大肠埃希氏菌O157

研究内容基于侧向流动型重组酶聚合酶扩增(Lateral flow-based recombinase polymerase amplification,LF-RPA)技术原理,建立大肠埃希氏菌O157(Escherichia coli O157)的LF-RPA快速检测方法。应用该方法对3株大肠埃希氏菌O157和27株非大肠埃希氏菌O157进行检测,结果表明该方法具有良好的特异性。分别以10倍浓度梯度稀释插入靶基因序列的质粒pUC57-rfbE和大肠埃希氏菌O157菌液DNA作为模板进行LF-RPA检测。结果表明LF-RPA方法可检出1.0×10²拷贝/μL的pUC57-rfbE质粒和1.2×10⁴ cfu/mL的大肠埃希氏菌O157菌液。以大肠埃希氏菌O157污染食品样品,增菌4 h后,大肠埃希氏菌O157初始浓度为1.2×10¹ cfu/mL的食品增菌液可以被LF-RPA检出阳性信号。该研究建立的方法可快速、准确、灵敏地检测食品中大肠埃希氏菌O157,无需专业设备,在食品生产企业和基层检测机构具有一定的应用前景。     

6类致泻大肠埃希氏菌多重PCR检测体系的建

目的 构建食源性致泻大肠埃希氏菌高效、快速、特异性强的检验方法。方法 根据6类致泻大肠埃希菌11种毒力基因引物, 采用煮沸法制备细菌基因组DNA作为模板构建致泻大肠埃希氏菌单菌多重PCR检测体系; 采用试剂盒法制备细菌基因组DNA作为模板构建6类菌十重PCR检测体系, 对2种检测体系进行优化并对其进行特异性、重复性验证。结果 构建了6类致泻大肠埃希氏菌多重PCR检测体系, 包括单菌多重PCR、6类菌十重PCR检测体系。仅6类致泻大肠埃希氏菌阳性菌株有特异性条带产生; 不同类型致泻大肠埃希氏菌菌株均检出其特异性阳性条带, 该多重PCR检测方法重复性好, 稳定性强。结论 该方法可高效快速地确定待测样是否为大肠埃希氏菌及其致病型, 为食品中致泻大肠埃希氏菌的监控、预警及爆发引起食物中毒后溯源等提供参考。     

6类致泻大肠埃希氏菌多重PCR检测体系的建立

目的构建食源性致泻大肠埃希氏菌高效、快速、特异性强的检验方法。方法根据6类致泻大肠埃希菌11种毒力基因引物,采用煮沸法制备细菌基因组DNA作为模板构建致泻大肠埃希氏菌单菌多重PCR检测体系;采用试剂盒法制备细菌基因组DNA作为模板构建6类菌十重PCR检测体系,对2种检测体系进行优化并对其进行特异性、重复性验证。结果构建了6类致泻大肠埃希氏菌多重PCR检测体系,包括单菌多重PCR、6类菌十重PCR检测体系。仅6类致泻大肠埃希氏菌阳性菌株有特异性条带产生;不同类型致泻大肠埃希氏菌菌株均检出其特异性阳性条带,该多重PCR检测方法重复性好,稳定性强。结论该方法可高效快速地确定待测样是否为大肠埃希氏菌及其致病型,为食品中致泻大肠埃希氏菌的监控、预警及爆发引起食物中毒后溯源等提供参考。     

食品分析能力评估计划能力验证样品中大肠埃希氏菌O157:H7的分离鉴定及质量控制

目的从食品分析能力评估计划能力验证样品沙拉中分离、鉴定大肠埃希氏菌O157:H7,判断2份样品是否有检出。方法参照GB 4789.36-2016《食品安全国家标准食品微生物学大肠埃希氏菌O157:H7/NM》进行检测,将VITEK 2 compact生化结果符合的菌株进行O157和H7抗原血清学鉴定。结果样品编号M221d11B检出大肠埃希氏菌O157:H7,样品编号M221d11A未检出大肠埃希氏菌O157:H7。测试样品的背景干扰菌是成团泛菌和铜绿假单胞菌。结论取得满意的能力验证结果需要注意以下因素:培养基试剂的质量、样品之间的交叉污染、样品的正确复苏和制备、菌落特征的识别以及干扰菌株的排查等。     

3种方法检测食品中致泻大肠埃希氏菌检测能力验证结果分析

目的提高食品中致泻大肠埃希氏菌的检测能力,促进实验室检测能力的提高。方法参照GB4789.6-2016《食品微生物学致泻大肠埃希氏菌检验》方法进行检测,采用VITEK 2 Compact全自动细菌鉴定系统进行生化鉴定、血清学鉴定,对可疑菌落进行普通PCR确证试验。同时使用多重实时荧光PCR法以及基质辅助激光解析电离飞行时间质谱(matrix-assisted laser desorption ionizationtime-of-flight mass spectrometry,MALDI-TOF-MS)分析鉴定可疑菌落。结果国标法和多重实时荧光PCR法能准确鉴定出目标菌,MALDI-TOF-MS可以检测大肠埃希氏菌,但无法区分致泻大肠埃希氏菌和肠出血性大肠埃希氏菌。结论 3种方法各有优劣,同时使用,综合判断,能确保试验结果准确快速。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Review of techniques to manufacture micro-hydrogel particles for the food industry and their applications

Microgels are ‘soft’ microscopic cross-linked polymeric particles that are being increasingly exploited in a variety of industries for rheology control, encapsulation and targeted delivery. They are valued because of the ability to tune their functionality to address specific applications in oil recovery, coatings, drug delivery, cosmetics, personal care and foods. Food microgels are typically biopolymer hydrogels in the form of microspheres, nanospheres (also called nanogels), spheroids and fibres. The utilisation of engineered microgels in foods has so far been limited, despite their great potential to address several needs in the food industry, including: satiety control, encapsulation of phytonutrients and prebiotics, texture control for healthier food formulations (e.g. reduced fat products), and targeting delivery to specific areas in the digestive tract. We review the scientific and patent literature on the utilisation and manufacturing methods for producing microgels with an emphasis on micro-hydrogels for food applications.     

12—A CRITIQUE OF SOME HYPOTHESES RELATING TO THE HETEROGENEITY OF THE HIGH-SULPHUR PROTEINS OF WOOL

Joubert and Burns prepared a large number of fractions from the high-sulphur proteins of wool and estimated their molecular weights and amino-acid compositions. Their data have been re-examined in order to look for statistically significant interrelations between amino acids and between the proportion of various amino acids and molecular weight. Statistical analysis of the data is also used to examine the credibility of some hypotheses concerning the mechanism of keratin biosynthesis and to provide further evidence for the existence of families of proteins within the high-sulphur fractions of wool.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of     

The Latest Data about Development of Chinese Printing Industry in 2013

In the 2014 China（Shanghai）International Printing Week,Director Wang Yanbin released the latest data about development of Chinese printing industry in 2013.According to statistics,in 2013,the total output value of Chinese printing industry exceeded 1trillion Yuan for the first time,reaching 1.03985 trillion Yuan.There were 105,000 printing enterprises in China,employees were 3.415 million.The total asset was 1.06247 trillion Yuan;     

The State Council Issued "Directory of Government Approved Investment Projects(2013 Edition)"

正On December 2nd,2013,the State Council issued the notification of"Directory of Government Approved Investment Projects(2013 Edition)"(hereafter referred to as"notification").It is pointed out in the"notification"that in order to further deepen reforms in investment systems and administrative examination and approval systems,simplify administrative procedures and delegate powers to lower levels,earnestly     

China textile machinery: taking off in progress

正Among the 1600 exhibitors who take apart in the ITMA ASIA+CITME2014 2/3 are Chinese manufactures.If the numerous figures failed to attract your attention,the increase of quality should draw your focus.To adopt the demand of developing textile machine market,domestic textile machinery enterprises now follow the slogan of"technology drives development"to enhance product competitiveness.Our domestic sellers will showcase product ranging from spinning,weaving,dyeing and printing,     

Top Ten News of China's Paper Industry 2013

On December 24th, 2013, the meeting on the selection of top 10 news of China＇s paper industry 2013 sponsored by 〈China Paper Newsletters〉 was held in Beijing. The yearly selection of the top l0 news, which began in 2000, has become a brand activity widely recognized in the industry thanks to the support from the authorities at all levels and public participation.