Aflatoxin B1 degradation by culture and lysate of a Pontibacter specie

The presence of aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) along the food chain poses a significant threat, thus propelling the need for an effective approach to control it. This study was therefore, aimed at investigating AFB₁ degradation of liquid cultures and lysates of an isolated Pontibacter sp. (VGF1). Liquid cultures, lysed bacterial cells in the absence (uninhibited lysates) and presence of protease inhibitors (protease inhibited lysates) were respectively incubated with AFB₁ for 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h. AFB₁ degradation was monitored during this period on high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and results obtained revealed that after 6 h of incubation, the protease inhibited (PI) lysates yielded a 65% AFB₁ degradation, whereas after 12 h, no residual AFB₁ was detected. Conversely, after 48 h of incubation, a significantly (p≤0.05) lower AFB₁ degradation of 50 and 36% by the liquid culture and uninhibited lysate, respectively, were noted. It was further confirmed that the degradation mechanism was enzymatic. Data from cytotoxicity studies against human lymphocytes further demonstrated that extracts of biotransformed AFB₁ were less toxic when compared to that of AFB₁. Findings from this study have demonstrated an alternative approach for the decontamination and biocontrol of AFB₁ in various agricultural commodities.     

A reliable and sensitive time-resolved fluorescent immunochromatographic assay (TRFICA) for ochratoxin A in agro-products

Immunochromatographic assays (ICAs) are considered as a suitable diagnostic tool for the detection of mycotoxins. Mycotoxins and especially, ochratoxin A are analytes with more demanding sensitivity requirements. To enhance the sensitivity of current immunochromatographic assays for ochratoxin A (OTA), a novel sensitive ICA was developed in this study. In the assay, microspheres enclosing fluorescent europium (III) [Eu(III)] nanoparticles (EuNPs) were used as a label for OTA monoclonal antibody (OTA-mAb) conjugation. Accordingly, assay was called time-resolved fluorescent immunochromatographic assay (TRFICA). The test strip was composed of three parts: a sample pad, nitrocellulose membrane and an absorbent pad. As for detection, a proper concentration of conjugated microspheres was pipetted into the microtube and sample extract was added to it. Then the strip was inserted into the tube and the fluid flow along the strip. The TRFICA results were obtained in 8 min and read by a portable TRFICA strip reader. The established method allows quantitative determination of OTA with limit of detection as low as 1.0 μg kg⁻¹ in the samples. For validation, spiked samples including wheat, maize, soybean and rice were respectively assayed by TRFICA and a standard high performance liquid chromatography equipped with a fluorescence detector (HPLC-FLD), and good agreement of results was obtained between two methods.     

Nitric oxide (NO) production in mammalian non-tumorigenic epithelial cells of the small intestine and macrophages induced by individual strains of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria

Nitric oxide (NO) affects multiple gastrointestinal functions, including mucosal inflammation and antimicrobial activity. The aim of this study was to screen the ability of probiotic bacteria to stimulate NO production in porcine intestinal epithelial cells and macrophages in the presence and absence of interferon gamma (INF-γ). Production of NO in intestinal epithelium was stimulated by individual strains of lactobacilli without INF-γ priming. While none of the tested bifidobacteria were capable of inducing NO production, most constitutively secreted NO. Most tested strains induced a significant increase in NO production compared with the control cells in the macrophage cell line 3D4/21. Results support the protective role of the individual strains of the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium and may lead to new approaches for manipulating and regulating immune responses at the mucosal surfaces of the gastrointestinal tract.     

用于食品包装材料成分迁移数学模型的研究进展

目的综述目前食品用包装材料中成分迁移的数学模型及相关研究进展,为迁移数学模型的推广和进一步开发提供有价值的参考。方法分析影响食品包装材料中化学成分向食品迁移的因素,介绍几种应用较广的迁移模拟软件,论述不同类型迁移数学模型的适用性及优缺点,并说明其在食品包装材料法规标准及化学成分暴露风险评估中的应用。结果许多学者的研究都证明迁移数学模型可部分代替迁移实验,产生的结果可靠且具有代表性。结论迁移模型是一种预测化学物质从食品包装材料迁移到食品中的有效工具,虽可在一定程度上代替迁移实验从而节省成本,但迁移模型的应用还存在许多问题亟需解决。     

食品中大肠菌群计数实验室内部比对研究

目的监控实验室检测质量和校准结果,对发现的问题及时采取措施,以保证实验室的良好检测水平。方法通过采用GB 4789.3-2016《食品安全国家标准食品微生物学检验大肠菌群计数》、SN/T 4547-2017《商品化试剂盒检测方法大肠菌群和大肠杆菌方法一》2种检测方法,对同一质控样品进行检测,对2名实验人员的实验结果进行分析和能力评定。结果 2名检验人员检验结果具有再现性, 2种方法的结果也具有一致性。结论组织比对活动,不断对实验中出现的问题进行改进和总结,积累经验,可以稳固和进一步提升个人与实验室的能力。2种检测方法均可对于检测大肠菌群的检测,在实验中体现了大肠菌群测试片法在操作上和时间上有较大优势。     

控制图等多种质量控制方法在大豆粉检测能力验证中的应用

目的对FAPAS 07322大豆粉中铝、总砷、镉、铅和总汞能力验证结果的准确性和可靠性进行验证。方法分别采用方法比对、仪器比对、加标回收试验及绘制控制图等方式进行质量控制。结果方法相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation,RSD)在0.9%～2.4%,仪器比对RSD在0.9%～2.3%,加标回收率在98.9%～107.4%,测定结果均在警告限范围,控制图可靠。能力验证|Z|在0.2～0.4。结论控制图等多种质控方法相结合在能力验证中的应用,可以为同行检验检测机构提供技术参考及方法学依据。     

食品安全标准中电感耦合等离子体质谱技术在食品检验中的应用进展

本文介绍了电感耦合等离子体质谱(inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry,ICP-MS)检测技术,并将ICP-MS技术与传统无机分析技术进行比较,发现ICP-MS技术具备多种分析优势,基本克服了传统方法的大多数缺点,是进行元素分析的理想方法。通过实际的查阅分析,发现在近几年的食品安全标准的制定和修订中,已逐步将ICP-MS检测方法增加到标准中,使得该方法规范化标准化。在食品监管过程中,食品安全标准中的ICP-MS检测技术已经广泛应用到食品检验中,主要在食品中的重金属分析、元素形态分析、稀土元素分析和营养元素分析等方面应用。在实际的应用中,发现食品安全标准在包装饮用水的检验中存在着标准使用不准确的问题,并从合理使用标准方面提出了加强标准应用的建议。     

实时荧光PCR法与环介导等温扩增法检测食品中动物源性成分的比较

目的比较实时荧光PCR(real-time PCR)法及环介导等温扩增(loop-mediated isothermal amplification,LAMP)检测食品中动物源性成分,为食品安全监管部门动物源性成分鉴定提供准确、高效的检测方法。方法采用实时荧光PCR法及LAMP法分别对市售肉及其制品进行牛、猪和鸡源性成分鉴定,并与标签明示的肉源成分比对,以准确性和时效性2个指标对上述2个方法进行评价。结果 Real-time PCR法检出4份样品与标签明示肉源不符,LAMP法检出5份样品与标签明示肉源不符,而16份样品中仅有1份样品2种方法检测结果不同。Real-time PCR法检测用时1.5 h,提取检测用DNA用时1.5 h,总用时3 h;而LAMP法检测用时45 min,提取检测用DNA用时20 min,总用时65 min。结论 LAMP法与Real-time PCR均具有较好的特异性、准确性,但LAMP法耗时短、成本低、操作简单,便于现场快速监督抽检。     

巧克力中沙门氏菌检测能力验证结果与分析

目的 通过参加中国食品药品检定研究院组织的NIFDC-PT-135巧克力中沙门氏菌检验能力验证活动, 提高实验室沙门氏菌的检测能力, 增强实验室的竞争力。方法 按照GB 4789.10-2016《食品安全国家标准 食品微生物学检验 沙门氏菌检验》进行沙门氏菌的分离与血清学鉴定, 辅以VIDAS 30 全自动酶联免疫分析系统进行快速初筛, 并以VITEK 2 Compact自动微生物快速检测分析系统对分离出的可疑菌落进行生化鉴定。结果 样品编号为0148的检出鼠伤寒沙门氏菌, 0546的检出肠沙门菌双相亚利桑那亚种(沙门氏菌Ⅲb), 0676未检出沙门氏菌。结论 本次实验发现的肠沙门菌双相亚利桑那亚种在沙门氏菌属显色平板上出现蓝色菌落, 与以往判定的紫红色菌落有差异, 在检测中应当引起关注。     

树蝴蝶多糖LKY-I的结构和抗氧化、抗肿瘤活性评价

采用超声波辅助水提、乙醇沉淀、DEAE-52阴离子交换层析法从树蝴蝶(Lobaria koorkauae Yoshim)中分离纯化得到多糖LKY-I。采用凝胶渗透色谱法(gel permeation chromatography,GPC)结合葡聚糖凝胶Sephadex G-100分离,测定其分子质量分布及纯度;利用傅里叶变换红外光谱、气相色谱和核磁共振对其结构进行解析;通过体外清除1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH)自由基、2’-联氨-双-3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸自由基(2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)free radical,ABTS+·)以及对铁离子还原力(ferric-reducing antioxidant power,FRAP)测定结果,评价LKY-I的抗氧化能力;采用3-(4,5-二甲基噻唑-2)-2,5-二苯基四氮唑溴盐(3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide,MTT)测定LKY-I对肿瘤细胞Hep G-2、HCC827、MCF-7增殖的抑制作用。结果显示:LKY-I的总糖含量为88.91%,重均分子质量为61 598 D,是组分均一的多糖,由鼠李糖、木糖、甘露糖、葡萄糖、半乳糖组成,其物质的量比为1.1∶2.0∶46.5∶28.5∶20.5。傅里叶变换红外光谱分析结果显示,LKY-I具有一般多糖类物质的特征吸收峰,单糖残基以吡喃环的形式存在。高碘酸氧化、Smith降解以及核磁共振分析表明,LKY-I是含有甘露糖的D-吡喃糖环,包括α和β两种构型,由24.68%的(1→6)或(1→)连接的糖苷键组成。在250~10000μg/m L的质量浓度范围内,随着多糖质量浓度的升高,LKY-I对DPPH自由基、ABTS+·的清除率逐渐增大,当质量浓度为10000μg/m L时,清除率分别达44.12%、24.74%,FRAP值可达0.071 17 mmol/L,与100μg/m L VC(0.072 31 mmol/L)相当。在125~2000μg/m L范围内,随着多糖质量浓度的增加,LKY-I对癌细胞的增殖抑制率逐渐增大。当质量浓度为2000μg/m L时,LKY-I对肿瘤细胞Hep G-2、HCC827、MCF-7增殖的抑制率达到半抑制浓度,说明树蝴蝶水洗多糖LKY-I具有一定的抗肿瘤活性。