Formation of ST12 phase Ge nanoparticles in ZnO thin films

In this work, we focus on the Ge nanoparticles (Ge-np) embedded ZnO multilayered thin films. Effects of reactive and nonreactive growth of ZnO layers on the rapid thermal annealing (RTA) induced formation of Ge-np have been specifically investigated. The samples were deposited by sequential r.f. and d.c. sputtering of ZnO and Ge thin film layers, respectively on Si substrates. As-prepared thin film samples have been exposed to an ex-situ RTA at 600 °C for 60 s under forming gas atmosphere. Structural characterizations have been performed by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Raman scattering, Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy (SIMS), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) techniques. It has been realized that reactive or nonreactive growth of ZnO layers significantly influences the morphology of the ZnO: Ge samples, most prominently the crystal structure of Ge-np. XRD and Raman analysis have revealed that while reactive growth results in a mixture of diamond cubic (DC) and simple tetragonal (ST12) Ge-np, nonreactive growth leads to the formation of only DC Ge-np upon RTA process. Formation of ST12 Ge-np has been discussed based on structural differences due to reactive and nonreactive growth of ZnO embedding layer.     

Disappearance and recovery of colossal permittivity in (Nb+Mn) co-doped TiO2

We investigate the effects of doping and annealing on the dielectric properties of metal ions doped TiO₂ ceramics. Colossal permittivity (CP) above 10⁴ was observed in single Nb ion doped TiO₂, which was dominated by electron transport related interfacial polarization. Moreover, the CP can be dropped to 120 when simultaneously introducing Mn ion into the sample. The disappearance of CP behaviors maybe due to the multivalence of Mn which would inhibit the reduction of Ti⁴⁺ to Ti³⁺, and thus reduce delocalized electrons. Interestingly, the CP was recovered for the (Nb+Mn) co-doped TiO₂ after post-sintering heat treatment in N₂ atmosphere. The recovery of CP in the sample after annealing can be ascribed to the semiconducting grain and the insulating grain boundary, according to impedance spectroscopy. We therefore believe that this work can help us understand the mechanism of CP from a new perspective.     

核聚变堆用钨表面超精密抛光的研究现状与趋势

钨作为未来核聚变堆中最有前景的面向等离子体材料,在反应堆工况下将承受高能粒子的辐照冲击。表面质量的好坏会直接影响材料的氢/氦滞留行为和辐照损伤程度,进而影响聚变堆的安全性和可靠性。现阶段,针对钨的抗辐照改性研究主要着眼于材料的成分、结构和组织设计,关于机械加工对材料表面抗辐照改性的研究甚少。文章聚焦前沿科学问题,从机械加工角度分析核材料领域科学问题,结合国内外相关研究成果及核聚变堆用钨(PFM-W)的机械加工现状,阐述了PFM-W表面超精密抛光的必要性。通过对比不同抛光方法,提出了磁流变抛光和力流变抛光是较为适合PFM-W表面超精密加工的观点,并对未来PFM-W表面超精密抛光研究趋势进行了分析,重点在抛光方法的探索以及抛光后材料表面质量对抗辐照性能影响的研究。     

基于UG的正交车铣加工回转体表面微观残留仿真

正交车铣加工的回转体表面由铣刀与工件的复合相对运动形成,其形成机理独特,多个参数影响其表面微观形貌。为研究切削参数对正交车铣回转体表面微观残留的影响,基于UG建立了正交车铣回转体表面的仿真加工方法,并通过Vericut构建了虚拟五轴车铣加工环境,由此仿真研究了周向每齿进给量对正交车铣回转体表面微观残留的影响,发现已加工表面微观残留高度随周向每齿进给量增加显著增大。     

Tuning of ferrimagnetic nature and hyperfine interaction of Ni2+ doped cobalt ferrite nanoparticles for power transformer applications

Ferrites may contain single domain particles which gets converted into super-paramagnetic state near critical size. To explore the existence of these characteristic feature of ferrites, we have performed magnetization(M-H loop) and Mössbauer spectroscopic studies of Ni²⁺ substitution effect in Co_1-xNi_xFe₂O₄ (where x?=?0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1) nanoparticles were fabricated by solution combustion route using mixture of carbamide and glucose as fuels for the first time. As prepared samples exhibit spinel cubic structure with lattice parameters which decreases linearly with increase in Ni²⁺ concentration. The M-H loops reveals that saturation magnetization(M_s), coercive field(H_c) remanence magnetization(M_r) and magnetron number(η_B) decreases significantly with increasing Ni²⁺ substitution. The variation of saturation magnetization has been explained on the basis of Neel's molecular field theory. The coercive field(H_c) is found strongly dependent on the concentration of Ni²⁺ and decrease of coercivity suggests that the particles have single domain and exhibits superparamagnetic behavior. The Mössbauer spectroscopy shows two ferrimagnetically relaxed Zeeman sextets distribution at room temperature. The dependence of Mössbauer parameters such as isomer shift, quadru pole splitting, line width and hyperfine magnetic field on Ni²⁺ concentration have been discussed. Hence our results suggest that synthesized materials are potential candidate for power transformer application.     

平面桁架构建的定日镜面形支撑结构优化及实验

针对反射面成型的复杂影响因素，提出平面桁架构建的定日镜面形支撑结构优化技术路线. 利用模拟仿真、数值计算和优化算法等方法，解析20 m²定日镜面形定义技术路线的4个组成环节：面形规格及宽高比、上弦杆的截面矩、平面桁架组间距的最优值、机加工中工艺控制要点的量化. 试制小型定日镜进行实验，分析光斑形状和能流密度分布特性，并与理想球面形光斑比较，两者的拟合优度大于0.98. 实验结果表明，当反射镜宽高比取1.2，上弦杆截面矩取40 000 mm⁴，桁架组间距取950 mm，上弦杆和斜杆的开孔公差小于0.9 mm时，反射面形的质量提升. 研究从原理和实践上证明了该优化技术路线的可行性.     

基于萤石溶解/表面转化的含钙矿物表面定向调控浮选技术及机理研究

研究了萤石在白钨矿和方解石表面溶解和转化的可能性, 发现萤石可以在特定的捕收剂体系下作为抑制剂实现含钙矿物的浮选分离。浮选实验结果表明, 萤石作为抑制剂, 在白钨矿和方解石的浮选中, 用量小、作用效果明显; 动电位检测结果证实了萤石能明显降低方解石的动电位, 但对白钨矿基本没有影响; XPS检测结果证明了萤石对方解石的作用主要在于对Ca-O键能的减弱和Ca-F基团的生成, 即在方解石表面生成CaF2膜; AFM检测则可直观观察到方解石表面经过萤石处理之后出现明显的起伏, 印证了离子的侵蚀与CaF₂膜的生成。     

Impact of adhesive ingredients on adhesion between rubber and brass-plated steel wire in tire

Proficiency on underlying mechanism of rubber-metal adhesion has been increased significantly in the last few decades. Researchers have investigated the effect of various ingredients, such as hexamethoxymethyl melamine, resorcinol, cobalt stearate, and silica, on rubber-metal interface. The role of each ingredient on rubber-metal interfacial adhesion is still a subject of scrutiny. In this article, a typical belt skim compound of truck radial tire is selected and the effect of each adhesive ingredient on adhesion strength is explored. Out of these ingredients, the effect of cobalt stearate is found noteworthy. It has improved adhesion strength by 12% (without aging) and by 11% (humid-aged), respectively, over control compound. For detailed understanding of the effect of cobalt stearate on adhesion, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy are utilized to ascertain the rubber coverage and distribution of elements. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results helped us to understand the impact of Cu_XS layer depth on rubber-metal adhesion. The depth profile of the Cu_XS layer was found to be one of the dominant factors of rubber-metal adhesion retention. Thus, this study has made an attempt to find the impact of different adhesive ingredients on the formation of Cu_XS layer depth at rubber-metal interface and establish a correlation with adhesion strength simultaneously.     

On‐the‐Spot Immobilization of Quantum Dots,Graphene Oxide,and Proteins via Hydrophobins

Class I hydrophobin Vmh2, a peculiar surface active and versatile fungal protein, is known to self‐assemble into chemically stable amphiphilic films, to be able to change wettability of surfaces, and to strongly adsorb other proteins. Herein, a fast, highly homogeneous and efficient glass functionalization by spontaneous self‐assembling of Vmh2 at liquid–solid interfaces is achieved (in 2 min). The Vmh2‐coated glass slides are proven to immobilize not only proteins but also nanomaterials such as graphene oxide (GO) and quantum dots (QDs). As models, bovine serum albumin labeled with Alexa 555 fluorophore, anti‐immunoglobulin G antibodies, and cadmium telluride QDs are patterned in a microarray fashion in order to demonstrate functionality, reproducibility, and versatility of the proposed substrate. Additionally, a GO layer is effectively and homogeneously self‐assembled onto the studied functionalized surface. This approach offers a quick and simple alternative to immobilize nanomaterials and proteins, which is appealing for new bioanalytical and nanobioenabled applications.     

ZK60镁合金表面滚压强化试验研究

试验研究了ZK60镁合金表面滚压加工中工艺参数对试件表面粗糙度、表面形貌、表面残余应力和表层显微硬度的影响,结果表明滚压力和重复滚压次数对试件的表面粗糙度、表面形貌以及表面残余应力和表层硬度影响程度较大,滚压速度影响较小。对精车ZK60镁合金试件进行滚压加工,试件表面粗糙度R a、R z最大减小了50.3%和48.1%;残余压应力最大可达-54.55 MPa;显微硬度从试件表层到内部基体材料逐渐降低,表层硬度值最大为92.83 HV 0.25,比基体材料硬度提高了15.32%。