酶法提取大米浓缩蛋白工艺条件的研究

以早籼米或节碎米为原料，采用淀粉酶对大米淀粉进行分解，分离后得大米蛋白和大米淀粉糖。研究了最佳的工艺条件。结果表明，采用淀粉酶，5LU／g的添加量，pH6．3～6．5，喷射液化，分离后的蛋白质含量为59．82％。采用旋流分离除杂，可将灰分降低到1．52％。纤维素酶和脂肪酶复合水解，可将蛋白中脂肪的含量降低到2．72％。大米浓缩蛋白中蛋白质的含量达70％，得率为73．96％。     

碱法分离大米蛋白质和淀粉的工艺研究

大米蛋白质中80％以上是碱溶性谷蛋白，可采用碱提酸沉的方法分离大米蛋白质。本实验研究得到碱法分离大米蛋白质的最佳工艺条件为：碱液质量分数为0．3％，提取时间为4h，提取温度为室温，料液比为1：6。可得到纯度为80．7％的大米分离蛋白，蛋白质提取率为87．46％，淀粉损失率为2．77％。     

碱法分离大米蛋白和淀粉工艺的优化及其产品功能性质研究

本文以籼米为原料，研究了碱法提取分离大米蛋白和淀粉的工艺，并对大米分离蛋白和大米淀粉的功能性质进行了研究。确定了碱法分离大米蛋白和淀粉的最佳工艺条件：氢氧化钠溶液浓度为0．075mol／L；提取时间6h：料液比1：7g／mL；温度40℃。该优化条件下可以得到纯度高于80％大米分离蛋白，蛋白提取率为86．23％，淀粉回收率为92．12％。所得大米分离蛋白溶解性、起泡性好，乳化性能欠佳。     

碱法与酶法提取大米蛋白工艺及功能特性比较研究

对大米蛋白的提取工艺和功能特性进行了比较研究。大米蛋白的提取采用碱法和酶法分别提取。研究结果衣明．碱法提取大米蛋白的工艺条件为在室温下，用0．1mol／L的NaOH以1：7的同液比提取4h。提取得到的大米蛋白纯度达到90％，提取率55％。酶法提取大米蛋白的工艺条件为温度50℃，pH为8，E／S为5％，液固比为3：1，酶解时间为4h。提取的大米蛋白提取率为40％，蛋白质纯度为45％。碱法提取的大米蛋白持水性、吸油性和起泡性优于酶法提取的大米蛋白，而酶法提取的大米蛋白的溶解性、乳化稳定性和泡沫稳定性优于碱法提取的大米蛋白。两种方法提取得到的产品乳化能力相当。     

大米淀粉制备麦芽糖浆的工艺研究

为降低高纯度大米蛋白的成本,采用碱提取法将大米蛋白及大米淀粉分离,大米淀粉用双酶法制备麦芽糖浆。结果表明：用大米粉联产大米蛋白和麦芽糖浆可以得到蛋白含量为90.58% 的大米分离蛋白;大米淀粉在pH5.71、温度102℃、时间15min 的α- 高温淀粉酶液化,pH5.00、温度58℃、时间10h 的真菌淀粉酶糖化条件下,得到含量为45.18% 麦芽糖的麦芽糖浆;同等条件下用大米粉制备的麦芽糖浆中的麦芽糖含量为40.83%。     

大米蛋白乳化性质研究

本文研究了大米分离蛋白(RPI)、酶法大米分离蛋白(E-RPI)、谷蛋白等在不同pH和Na2SO3存在条件下的乳化性能及其表现特点，并与大豆分离蛋白(SPI)的乳化性能进行了比较，结果表明，增加大米蛋白溶解性的措施均有利于改善大米蛋白的乳化性能。谷蛋白一旦溶解其乳化能力与大豆蛋白相当。RPI、E-RPI经Na2SO3处理后，乳化性能明显提高，说明通过解除大米蛋白分子中亚基的聚合，可以改善大米蛋白的物化功能性。     

pH调节法制备兔肉分离蛋白及其性质研究

以伊拉兔兔肉为原料,用pH调节法(pH-shifting)提取兔肉分离蛋白,并对分离蛋白的性质进行研究。实验结果表明,pH调节法提取兔肉分离蛋白的最佳酸溶解条件pH 3.0、碱溶解条件pH 12.0、沉淀回收条件pH 5.5。此方法下提取蛋白得率分别为酸法46.46%、碱法68.55%。酸/碱分离蛋白中蛋白质含量(干基)均极显著高于兔肉,脂肪含量(干基)极显著低于兔肉,蛋白所含必需氨基酸比例均衡,且SDS-PAGE电泳分析表示pH调节法提取兔肉分离蛋白并未造成蛋白质严重降解。     

酸性蛋白酶提取大米水解蛋白的研究

研究了用酸性蛋白酶提取大米水解蛋白的工艺及所获水解蛋白的功能性质。分析了温度、pH值、加酶量、液固比、提取时间对蛋白提取率的影响，并通过正交实验优化了酸性蛋白酶提取大米水解蛋白的工艺条件，确定了工艺参数。其最佳工艺条件为：温度45℃、pH3．0、加酶量1％（E／S）、液固比8：1、提取时间为4h。     

大米蛋白的分离提取和应用

阐述了目前较常见的大米蛋白的分离提取方法以及应用现状,为今后大米蛋白的进一步研究提供了基础。大米蛋白的分离提取方法包括碱法提取、酶法提取、分步水解、溶剂提取和物理分离等,主要用作营养补充、食品添加剂和功能性食品。     

大米蛋白提取工艺研究

该文综述目前国内外提取大米蛋白最常用方法,阐述碱法提取、酶法提取、溶剂提取、物理分离、复合提取等法优缺点,概述国内外大米蛋白产品研究及开发利用现状,并对其前景进行展望。     

Isolation,composition, morphological and pasting properties of starches from rice cultivars grown in Nigeria

The isolation, composition, morphology and pasting properties of rice starches from different rice cultivars (N2R, Nerica II rice; IGR, Igbemo rice; ILR, Ilaje rice; and EAR, Efon Alaye rice) were studied. The starches were isolated from their flours by using a modified deproteination method in 0.1% NaOH. The highest starch yield of 65% was obtained from EAR with a residual protein of 0.41% and lowest starch yield of 45.70% from IGR with a residual protein of 0.42%. The AAM concentration of rice starches ranged from 21.88 to 26.04%. The sizes of the starch granules obtained from SEM were between 3 and 8 µm, some of the granules were individual (single) while others were fused (compound granules). The starch granules were small, polygonal and irregular in shape. The pasting parameters were evaluated using rapid visco analyser (RVA). Significant differences were observed in individual pasting parameters such as peak viscosity (PV), breakdown viscosity (BV), final viscosity (FV) and setback viscosity (SV). Cooked ILR starch had the highest PV (279.69 RVU; rapid viscosity units) and BV (52.50 RVU) when compared to the other starches. In contrast, N2R showed the highest FV (329.92 RVU) and SV (102.50 RVU), the latter due to the high concentration of AAM. The results revealed that cultivar has an effect on composition and pasting properties of rice starch.     

The effect of rice variety and starch isolation method on the pasting and rheological properties of rice starch pastes

The effect of rice variety and starch isolation method on the pasting and rheological properties of rice starches was evaluated. One waxy and three non-waxy rice varieties from California with a range of amylose contents of 1.6–26.5% and four methods of isolation were evaluated. A rotational rheometer (RR) was used to measure the pasting and rheological properties of starch dispersions (8% w/w). The RR pasting curves had similar shapes to those from a rapid visco-analyzer (RVA). The four treatments used for isolating starch were a protease, NaOH (0.1% and 0.4%), or sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) (1.0%). The NaOH (0.4%) and SDS treatments were found to reduce the peak pasting temperatures of the non-waxy starches as compared with the protease and NaOH (0.1%) treatments. The same trend of the treatments was found with the elastic moduli, low shear viscosities, and yield stresses of the non-waxy starch pastes measured at 65 °C, immediately after pasting. The elastic moduli of the waxy starch pastes appeared to be least affected by method of starch isolation, but the low shear viscosity and yield stress of the protease starch paste was significantly higher than the paste from the other three treatments. Overall, the method of rice starch isolation was found to affect the gelatinization and rheological characteristics of hot rice starch paste.     

利用一次高压喷射液化法生产系列大米麦芽糖浆

采用一次高压喷射、两次加酶完成液化的工艺，通过控制液化DE值，添加不同的酶制剂糖化，可生产不同类型的麦芽糖浆，残渣生产高蛋白粉。该工艺淀粉的转化率高达96％以上。     

Preparation and characterization of protein from heat-stabilized rice bran using hydrothermal cooking combined with amylase pretreatment

Hydrothermal cooking (HTC) combined with amylase pretreatment (AP) was used to improve protein extraction from heat-stabilized rice bran. The physicochemical and emulsifying properties of rice bran protein isolate (RPI) were evaluated. Depending on HTC temperature (120 and 150 °C), HTC alone significantly increased extraction yield, while protein purity was decreased. In contrast, HTC combined with AP significantly improved both extraction yield and protein purity (about 45-50% and 72-74%, respectively). The AP avoided the co-precipitation of gelatinized starch during the acidic precipitation. Electrophoresis and size exclusion chromatography profiles indicated that HTC led to the dissociation of insoluble protein aggregates in rice bran, with subsequent increase of soluble aggregates in RPI, linked by non-covalent (e.g., hydrophobic interaction) and covalent bonds (disulfide bond). This result was evidenced by the increased disulfide bond contents and surface hydrophobicity of RPI. In addition, HTC-prepared RPI exhibited excellent emulsifying property.     

核桃蛋白对大米淀粉凝胶化及凝胶特性的影响

研究不同核桃蛋白添加量下大米淀粉的糊化特性、流变特性、热特性及凝胶质构和水分子状态.结果表明,核桃蛋白以浓度依赖的方式降低了大米淀粉糊的黏度和相变焓值,而使糊化温度升高,当核桃蛋白添加质量分数达12％时,峰值黏度、谷值黏度、最终黏度分别降低了 30.77％、12.35％和14.65％,糊化温度升高了 8.89％;所有样...     

细菌纤维素对大米淀粉凝胶老化的影响

为了解细菌纤维素对淀粉凝胶老化的影响,利用快速黏度分析仪、差示扫描量热仪、X-射线衍射和扫描电镜测定添加不同量细菌纤维素的大米淀粉凝胶糊化特性、热力学特性、结晶性和微观结构。结果表明,随细菌纤维素添加量的增加,大米淀粉糊化时崩解值、回生值、糊化焓值显著降低,显示细菌纤维素抑制了大米淀粉凝胶的短期老化;随细菌纤维素添加量的增加,大米淀粉凝胶老化焓值显著降低,而重结晶从13.26%降至7.93%,说明细菌纤维素抑制了大米淀粉中支链淀粉的重结晶;大米淀粉凝胶微观结构显示细菌纤维素的添加使大米淀粉凝胶的表面更加完整、结构更加致密。由此表明细菌纤维素对大米淀粉凝胶老化具有显著的抑制作用。     

Milling breakage susceptibility and mechanical properties of parboiled brown rice kernels

Parboiling, a hydrothermal treatment of paddy or brown rice, impacts both head rice yield and texture and nutritional characteristics of cooked rice. Here, milling breakage susceptibility of parboiled brown rice was investigated on both bulk and kernel level. Brown rice was parboiled by soaking at 40, 55 or 65 °C and steaming at 106, 120 or 130 °C. The breakage susceptibility and changes in starch and proteins of bulk samples were related to the properties of individual rice kernels. An increase in milling breakage susceptibility from 1% to 11% corresponded to a decrease in average bending force of individual kernels from 34.9 to 14.6 N. Furthermore, both white bellies and fissured parboiled rice grains were more breakage susceptible. Their average bending force was respectively 14.1 N and 17.6 N compared to an average of 39.6 N for intact parboiled rice grains. Whereas the level of proteins extractable with sodium dodecyl sulfate containing medium had no impact, the degree of starch gelatinization was critical in determining the presence of both white bellies and fissured parboiled rice grains. More in particular, complete starch gelatinization ensured the absence of white bellies and minimized fissuring in the parboiled end-product, thereby decreasing milling breakage susceptibility.     

Hydrothermal treatments of rice starch for improvement of rice noodle quality

Two types of hydrothermal treated rice starches were prepared by annealing and heat-moisture treatment (HMT). Annealing of starch slurry was conducted at 55 °C for 24 h and HMT was applied in starch with 20 g/100 g moisture at 110 °C for 1.5 h, based on the optimization of the treatment conditions. The apparent changes on gelatinization, swelling, RVA paste viscosities and gel hardness of starch were observed. The study on 50% substitution of rice flour with untreated (UR), annealed (AR) or heat-moisture treated (HR) rice starches proved that the cooking and texture quality of rice noodle was substantially affected by the treatments. The composite noodles of flour and hydrothermal treated rice starches exhibited quality parameters which were closer to those of commercial noodles. The results revealed the possibility of utilizing these starches with low quality rice flour so as to produce noodles of acceptable quality. The study also inferred that characterization of RVA paste viscosities and gel texture of flour could become a practical method for predicting the quality of the derived noodle.     

Production of high-fructose rice syrup and high-protein rice flour from broken rice

The objective of this study was to develop a process for the production of both high-fructose rice syrup and high-protein rice flour from broken rice. The rice flour was obtained from broken rice by using either a dry or wet milling method. The glucose produced from the slurry of various raw materials by treating with α-amylase and glucoamylase was compared. Results indicated that cassava and corn starch were better raw materials than rice flour. However, the filtered residue of liquefied rice slurry could be recovered as high-protein rice flour. The particle size of rice flour had a small effect on the glucose yield. The orthogonal-array table (L₂₇) method of experimental design was employed to determine optimum conditions for liquefaction. The glucose yield based on starch was 90.8±3.6% under the following optimum conditions α-amylase, 0.12%; rice flour, 20%; temperature, 96°C; time, 90 min. The filtrate from liquefied rice slurry was saccharified at 60°C with three different concentrations of glucoamylase. The higher the enzyme concentration, the shorter the time required to reach the maximum yield. After saccharification, the glucose solution was decolourised, desalted and concentrated to 40% d.s. and then isomerised to fructose at 60°C under continuous operation by using immobilised glucose isomerase packed in a column. The isomerised syrup was then purified and concentrated to 71% d.s. The final high-fructose rice syrup contained 50% glucose, 42% fructose and 3% maltose. After liquefaction, the rice slurry was centrifuged and the precipitate was dried by either spray or drum drying. The composition of these two high-protein rice flours was almost the same and the protein content was about three times as high as the raw material. There were significant differences in surface structure of rice flour and high-protein rice flours, as observed by the scanning electron microscope.     

Effect of superheated-steam drying compared to conventional parboiling on chalkiness,head rice yield and quality of chalky rice kernels

Four rice cultivars (Ayutthaya 1, Khao Bahn Nah 432, Plai Ngahm Prachin Buri, and Prachin Buri 2) that usually have a major problem with chalkiness were processed by applying superheated-steam drying and conventional parboiling methods. The main objectives were: (1) to determine the possibility of applying superheated-steam drying to solve the chalkiness and low head rice yield problems and (2) to compare the properties of rice produced using superheated-steam drying and the conventional parboiling process. Both the initial moisture content and superheated-steam drying temperature significantly affected head rice yield. The higher moisture helped to increase starch gelatinization leading to a stronger rice structure and subsequently an increased head rice yield. The rice samples dried in the superheated-steam dryer using an initial moisture content of paddy at 32% w.b. for 6 h under a steam pressure of 1.2 bar and at three drying temperatures (120, 140, 160 °C) had higher milling quality than the conventionally parboiled rice samples. The darker color of the superheated-steam-dried samples was their main drawback. Both parboiling and superheated-steam drying could clearly lessen the percentage of chalky rice kernels compared to the raw paddy. The parboiled rice and superheated-steam-dried rice had more nutrients than normal white rice.