运载火箭助推器再入姿态稳定性研究

研究运载火箭助推器在分离之后返回地面过程中的姿态稳定性。助推器气动稳定性分析表明,助推器在超声速飞行时存在一个稳定攻角,在亚声速飞行时存在两个稳定攻角,存在的稳定攻角表明:助推器的稳定飞行状态为尾部冲前飞行状态。按照助推器的飞行特点建立返回过程姿态动力学模型,编写MATLAB程序开展飞行仿真。仿真结果表明:助推器分离后翻转角速度较大,助推器在过顶点之后,飞行速度经历从加速到减速、直至平衡的过程,翻转角速度逐步减小,姿态逐步稳定为尾部冲前的飞行状态。     

水下驻留无人水下航行器驻留过程建模与仿真

针对水下驻留无人水下航行器（UUV）的运动特点,建立了大攻角下UUV运动仿真的六自由度数学模型,提出了一种驻留UUV辅助推进器的控制方法,并对UUV驻留过程中的下潜运动进行了仿真研究。具体分析了UUV下潜驻留运动中攻角、侧滑角、速度、俯仰角等参数的变化规律。仿真结果表明：航行器的轴向速度在阻力作用下逐步减小,趋近于0;在辅助推进器的作用下,UUV下潜速度被限定在安全范围内,导致UUV攻角逐步增大,直至接近90°;在前后2个辅助推进器的作用下,航行器的信仰角始终被控制在合理范围内,从而确保UUV具有良好的着陆姿态。     

基于自适应滑模控制的高超声速巡航飞行器攻角控制律设计

针对临近空间高超声速巡航飞行器动力系数变化大、攻角要求精确控制的特点,设计了一种自适应滑模变结构攻角控制律。该控制律采用内外环结构,内环通过俯仰角速率反馈提高系统的阻尼、改善动态过程品质,外环控制飞行攻角,用自适应算法调节滑模控制器的控制参数来逼近时变系统参数的上界同时消除外界干扰。仿真研究表明,所设计的攻角控制律响应快、稳态误差小,具有良好的跟踪性能和鲁棒性能。     

基于PID控制的二维弹道修正弹仿真

为了验证某二维修正弹的修正过程,采用三维建模、动力学和运动学的联合仿真,得出了弹丸的气动特性和整个修正过程。重点分析了基于PID控制的弹道修正过程中对舵片的控制,得出在弹丸修正过程中目标姿态的控制是弹道修正技术的关键。由气动特性分析可知:弹丸阻力系数随着马赫数的增大先增大后减小,在亚音速下弹丸的阻力系数最大;弹丸升力系数和偏航力矩系数随攻角的增大而增大,同一攻角下偏航力矩系数随着马赫数的增大而减小。     

QFT在导弹纵向通道控制中的应用

定量反馈理论（QFT）是参数不确定性系统鲁棒控制比较成功的设计方法．导弹飞行过程中，具有较强不确定性，且弹体参数随时间连续变化．文中将QFT控制律设计方法用于导弹纵向通道鲁棒控制律的设计．仿真表明，所设计控制律满足导弹5组特征点的鲁棒稳定性指标和跟踪性能，能够减小最大攻角．     

AUV重力加小推冲载荷分离方法

自主式水下航行器是由载荷和运载体组成的一个多体系统。本文在AUV分离运动数学模型的基础上,推导了载荷和运载体初始位置以及初始攻角的计算模型,提出了一种工程实用的重力加小推冲分离方法,其2个阶段的分离过程主要是依靠分离载荷的自身重力进行分离,必要时辅助以一定的推冲力,并对这种分离方法进行了仿真和安全性研究。仿真结果表明,当运载体速度一定时,在一定程度上增大推冲力,可缩短分离时间,减轻载荷与运载体之间相互作用的影响,可提高分离安全性。该分离方法的安全性与预定分离角和分离初始速度有关,分离初始速度减小,有利于提高分离安全性;分离初始速度增大,可减小预定分离角（不大于90°）以确保分离安全。     

被动寻的式侵彻炸弹的制导律设计

针对被动寻的式侵彻炸弹的特点,设计了具有末端落角约束的变结构制导律,并采用将制导指令经过一阶低通滤波器的方法,实现对弹体攻角的估计.将该制导律用于电视制导侵彻炸弹的数学仿真,通过仿真讨论了制导律参数对制导效果的影响.仿真结果表明,该攻角估计方法是可行的,该制导律能够同时满足脱靶量和末端落角的要求,达到侵彻炸弹控制弹着角的目的.     

导弹混合BTT/STT变结构控制器设计与仿真

针对传统的侧滑转弯(STT)控制机动能力相对不高和倾斜转弯(BTT)控制在机动上有一定的时延等缺点,以空射导弹为例,将导弹的飞行过程划分为三个阶段,采用混合BTT/STT逻辑将导引头输出的过载信号转换为攻角、侧滑角和滚转角指令信号,并且分别设计了导弹俯仰-偏航通道和滚转通道滑模变结构控制器,使其能够准确跟踪给定的攻角、侧滑角、滚转角指令。为了减小变结构控制器的抖振影响,采用了将切换控制连续化的方法。最后通过仿真验证混合BTT/STT控制逻辑的可行性和变结构控制器设计的有效性。     

鱼雷小角度入水过程仿真

针对鱼雷小角度入水问题,采用多相流混合模型及动网格方法,分析了鱼雷在小入水角条件下的入水空泡形成过程,以及雷体外形与入水空泡壁的相互作用特点,获得了不同入水角、入水攻角条件下俯仰力矩及力矩作用点位置在入水过程中的变化规律。仿真结果表明,减小入水攻角、延迟动力点火将有助于避免发动机失速、鱼雷跳水等异常现象,采用泵喷射推进器有利于鱼雷入水过程的稳定。     

带落角约束的高超声速飞行器轨迹仿真研究

针对某高超声速飞行器末制导段攻角非负及大落角约束要求,提出"BTT180控制方法+具有落角约束的最优制导"组合制导方式。在末制导初始段,采用BTT180控制方式实现飞行器的翻身下压,解决了攻角非负的约束要求;选择具有角速率反馈形式的最优制导律,实现攻击末端大落角的约束要求。对不同初始高度和约束落角以及垂直攻击时不同初始弹道倾角下的飞行轨迹进行仿真分析,结果表明该组合制导方式使飞行器在命中目标的同时,满足攻角非负及落角约束要求,验证了该制导律的有效性和准确性。     

Nitrosation and Nitration of Tetraacetyldibenzylhexaazaisowurtzitane

Tetraacetyldibenzylhitane (TADBIW) was subjected to debenzylation by nitrosating with inorganic materials available commercially to synthesize tetraacetyldinitrosohexaazaisowurtzitane (TADNSIW). TADNSIW was purified, and its structure was determined by FTIR, 1H NMR, MS and element analysis. The debenzylation reaction of TADBIW gave quantitative benzaldehyde as a by-product. This indicates that the reaction produces an imine cation as an intermediate. Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW) was prepared from unpurified TADNSIW with the yield over 96.0 % and the purity more than 98.0 %. And the mechanism of the reaction from TADNSIW to HNIW is proposed to be oxidation of nitroso and nitration of acetyl on the molecule of TADNSIW, This reaction system involved is simple, and the reaction can complete within a short time and under mild conditions. The product can be easily to separate and the waste disposed readily.     

A Robust Algorithm for Watermarking 2D Vector Maps with Low Shape-Distortions

The technique of watermarking has been introduced into 2D vector maps for many potential applications such as protecting the copyright of important GIS （geographical information system） data and tracing the data source of military maps. In most previous works, although the validity of the map data could be preserved during the embedding procedure, the shape-distortions of the map elements are usually neglected which would tend to degrade the invisibility of the watermarking schemes. A shape-preserving algorithm for watermarking 2D vector maps is presented in this paper. A 1D distance sequence extracted from the original map is adopted as the cover data instead of 2D coordinates. A watermark bit is represented by changing the distributions of the cover data. The embedding procedure induces lower shape-distortions than in former works. Experimental results indicate better invisibility of the proposed scheme, as well as its robustness to certain attacks such as map simplification, interpolation, additive noise and most geometric transforms.     

Open Rule-setting System Applied to Conceptual Design of Engines

Open rule-setting method advanced in this paper concentrates on providing designers of engines with a convenient way to express their design innovations and develop the expected prototypes in the early CAD stage, and constitute effective models for the following analysis process of CAE and CAPP. The problems arisen in the process of conceptual design with the traditional experience-based development method are analyzed. Based on those analyses, open rule-setting method is presented and some associated technical problems are discussed. The functional framework of open rule-setting system was built as software engineering methods. The speciality of the engine product as a kind of complex product and the requirement of the engine product based on its structural particularity to rule-setting system are considered carefully. A demonstration is supplied to illustrate how the open rule-setting method enhances the efficiency and quality of the engine conceptual design.     

Research on Linux Network Device Driver

By analyzing the working principle of Linux network device driver, discussing the Linux network driver structure and its key technologies, the general network driver structure and its design methodologies in Linux system are summarized. Through modifying the network device driver of Linux device driver 3rd version snull, c and improving the COW technology, the Zero-Copy technology in Linux （kernel version 2.6.11 ） is implemented. In the end, the success test tells us that the thorough analysis of network device driver is the foundation of many applications, and it also provides a certain improvement to a lot of real applications, even to military application development.     

Improvement and Experiment of the Reamer in Vibra Cutter Against Wave Edge of Titanium Sheet Alloy Parts

By analyzing the influencing factors of part quality making of sheet alloy of titanium by vibra cutter, the shape of upper reamer is set as cylinder and wedge-shaped form, and the lower reamer as plain and hemicycle form, and its main structural parameters are defined as well. Then it is validated further that such improved vibra cutter reamer can be used to process curve-edged parts of titanium alloy sheet. The experimental result shows that the titanium alloy sheet parts processed by above equipment have no sharpen angles for convex parts and evident crevasse of concave-edged part. In summary, such improvement can eliminate the free-waved edge and improve the manufacture quality of titanium alloy sheet parts greatly.     

Experimental Study on the Small Flyer Initiating Behavior of Fine-grained Explosives

The initiating behavior of fine-grained explosives by small flyer is studied. The diameter of small flyer in this device is 1 ram. The test results indicate that the granularity of explosives has great effect on its flyer initiating sensitivity.The flyer initiating sensitivity of the fine-grained explosives is higher and the critical initiating energy is lower than that of common explosives. For common explosive, the flyer initiating sensitivity increases as the density is reduced. But for the fine-grained explosive, the test results are exactly opposite.     

Stability of the Third Generation Intensifier under Illumination

The stability under illumination of transmission-mode GaAs photocathode sealed in the third generation intensifier is investigated by use of spectral response testing instruments. The variations of spectral response with the illumination times under weak and intense illumination are compared. The variations of photoemission performance parameters are also characterized. The results show that during initial several weak illuminations photocathode behaves no evident decay and a maximum sensitivity is achieved, while under intense illumination the sensitivity of photocathode begin to decrease largely at the first illumination. The calculated performance parameters show that the variation of surface escape probability with illumination times is a direct cause of instability of photocathode. It is also found that under intense illumination peak wavelength is moved towards short-wave and peak response is decreased, which shows that the ability of long-wave response of photocathode is decreased.     

Algorithm for Multi-laser-target Tracking Based on Clustering Fusion

Multi-laser-target tracking is an important subject in the field of signal processing of laser warners. A clustering method is applied to the measurement of laser warner, and the space-time fusion for measurements in the same cluster is accomplished. Real-time tracking of multi-laser-target and real-time picking of multi-laser-signal are introduced using data fusion of the measurements. A prototype device of the algorithm is built up. The results of experiments show that the algorithm is very effective.     

Robust Graded Sliding Mode Tracking Control for Low Speed Spinning Ballistic Missiles

The nonlinear dynamic model of spinning ballistic missiles is established during the first boosting phase of the missile. Based on the conventional backstepping sliding mode control and the assumption of a two time-scale separation of missile dynamics, a graded sliding mode controller is designed with two sub-sliding surfaces which have invariability to external disturbances and parameter perturbations, and a matrix which comprises three first order low pass filters is introduced to prevent ＂explosion of terms＂. Owing to the upper bounds of the uncertainties are difficult to obtain in advance, adaptive laws are introduced to estimate the values of the uncertainties in real-time. Eventually, the numerical simulation results given to show the proposed controller can ensure the steady flight of missiles.     

A Study on the Estimation of Aeroheating upon the Warhead Nose at Supersonic Speed

An expression for estimating the aeroheating on a warhead nose at different supersonic speeds is proposed by incorporating CFD （computational fluid dynamics） and the least-square method. Compared with the traditional estimation formula, the expression is more accurate, convenient and can be used in the optimized design of warheads. The error from the result obtained in the test of a ball cartridge flight is less than 3 %. It satisfies the engineering requirements.