高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定染整助剂中的三氯生和三氯卡班

建立了超声萃取-高效液相色谱串联质谱法同时测定染整助剂中三氯生和三氯卡班的分析方法。样品经甲醇超声提取、稀释后,采用Zorbax SB-C18色谱柱(2.1 mm×150.0 mm,3.5μm),甲醇-水溶液为流动相梯度洗脱,电喷雾离子源电离,负离子多反应监测模式进行定性和定量分析。结果表明,三氯生和三氯卡班在一定质量浓度范围内,峰面积与质量浓度呈良好的线性关系,线性相关系数大于0.99;三氯生和三氯卡班的定量限分别为5.00和0.25 mg/kg,加标平均回收率为71.6%～115.1%,相对标准偏差为2.2%～8.4%。该方法操作简便,灵敏度高,可用于染整助剂中三氯生和三氯卡班的分析测定。     

基于固相萃取-高效液相色谱法的纺织品中三氯生的测定

建立了纺织品中三氯生的固相萃取-高效液相色谱检测方法。样品经超声提取后,用固相萃取进行净化,Kromasil C18 柱（250 mm × 4.6 mm i.d., 5 μm）分离,采用水/乙腈 (15/85, V/V)为流动相,紫外检测波长为280 nm,外标法定量。实验结果显示：样品中的三氯生在0.1~20.0 mg/kg的浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系,最低检出限LOD为0.01mg/kg,定量检出限LOQ为0.05 mg/kg 。方法回收率在94.0%~100.4%之间,RSD 为2.0%~4.4% 。本方法简便、快速、专属性强、干扰少,能满足纺织品中三氯生的测定要求。     

基于固相萃取-液相色谱-串联质谱法的纺织品中三氯生和三氯卡班的测定

采用固相萃取-液相色谱-串联质谱技术(SPE-LC-MS/MS)建立了同时测定纺织品中三氯生和三氯卡班的分析方法。样品用二氯甲烷超声提取,C18固相萃取净化后分析。串联质谱在多反应监测(MRM)模式下检测目标分析物,以保留时间和特征离子对(母离子和碎片离子)信息比较进行定性和定量分析。三氯生和三氯卡班的线性范围分别为1.0~50.0 ng/mL、0.25~50.0 ng/mL。方法的定量限为1.0和0.25 μg/kg,平均回收率为84.5% ~ 108.2 %,相对标准偏差小于8.1 %。实验结果表明该方法准确、灵敏,可用于纺织品中三氯生和三氯卡班的分析测定。     

高效液相色谱法测定保健食品中三氯蔗糖的含量

目的建立一种保健食品中三氯蔗糖含量测定的高效液相色谱检测法。方法样品采用Rad pak C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)进行分离,以1.0 m L/min乙腈:水(V:V=15:85)为流动相,最后用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)-示差折光仪为检测器进行测定,外标法定量分析。结果高效液相色谱法在0.482~2.892 mg/m L浓度范围,三氯蔗糖的浓度和峰面积的线性良好,相关系数为0.999(r0.99),该方法的检出限和定量限分别为19.58 mg/g和65.27 mg/g,在不同的添加水平下,该方法的回收率范围为95.0%~95.6%,相对标准偏差为0.3%(n=9)。结论高效液相色谱法灵敏度、准确度均较高,适用于保健食品中三氯蔗糖的含量测定。     

全自动固相萃取净化测定肉制品中日落黄、诱惑红的研究

建立了全自动固相萃取净化——高效液相色谱法测定肉制品中日落黄、诱惑红的分析方法。利用全自动固相萃取仪对肉制品中样品提取液进行净化,通过高效液相色谱对净化液进行分析,采用Welch,XB-C18(4.6×250mm,5μm)色谱柱,流动相:乙酸铵(0.02mol/L)-甲醇的梯度洗脱,流速1.0m L/min,检测波长254nm。日落黄、诱惑红在0.1~50.0μg/m L范围内线性良好,日落黄、诱惑红的平均回收率分别为75.8%~88.5%、81.0%~95.0%,RSD值分别为1.6%~1.9%、1.5%~1.7%,最低定量限分别为0.040mg/kg、0.030mg/kg。方法的回收率好、精密度高,并且方法简便、高效,一次能处理多个样品,大大降低人力成本和提高检测效率,可应用于测定肉制品中的合成色素。     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱荧光法测定水果中1-萘乙酸残留量

建立了固相萃取-高效液相色谱荧光法测定水果中1-萘乙酸(NAA)残留量的方法。样品经乙腈提取,氨基固相萃取小柱净化,用高效液相色谱荧光检测器测定。经过验证,方法定量限为0.002 mg/kg,当水果中添加NAA水平为0.004、0.04、0.4 mg/kg时,回收率为82.1%~114.1%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.6%~10.5%。该方法准确度好、灵敏度高,适合水果中NAA残留量的测定。     

高效液相色谱法测定马铃薯和土壤中的辛硫磷残留

目的建立高效液相色谱法测定马铃薯和土壤中辛硫磷残留的分析方法。方法样品经乙腈萃取,氨基固相萃取小柱净化,采用以色谱柱Agilent ZARBAX SB-C_(18) 柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)分离,甲醇/水(75:25,V:V)为流动相等度洗脱后紫外检测器检测,检测波长为280 nm。结果辛硫磷在0.05~10 mg/L浓度范围内线性关系良好(r~2=0.9990);最低检出限为0.02 mg/kg,辛硫磷在马铃薯块茎、植株和土壤中的添加水平为0.05~5.0 mg/kg时,添加回收率分别为92.3%~102.4%、98.5%~109.1%和89.7%~104.3%,相对标准偏差分别为1.0%~2.5%、1.4%~5.6%和1.4%~2.1%。结论该方法具有快速、准确、灵敏度高等特点,符合国家标准对食品中农药残留测定的要求。     

高效液相色谱法检测果蔬饮料中齐墩果酸和熊果酸

建立一种快速、有效的固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定果蔬饮料中齐墩果酸、熊果酸的方法。样品经乙醇提取后,采用氨基固相萃取小柱进行净化和富集。采用Waters RP C18色谱(4.6mm×250mm,5μm)分离,以甲醇︰0.1%磷酸溶液(85︰15)作为流动相,用PDA检测器检测,外标法峰面积定量。结果表明,齐墩果酸、熊果酸标准在10.0μg/m L~100.0μg/m L浓度范围内线性良好,相关系数均r~2均为0.999,齐墩果酸组分的LOD为0.05 mg/kg,LOQ为0.15 mg/kg,熊果酸组分的LOD为0.08 mg/kg,LOQ为0.24 mg/kg,加标回收率达到87.9%~94.1%。该方法具有前处理简单、净化效果好、灵敏度高和检测速度快的优点,适用于果蔬饮料中齐墩果酸、熊果酸的富集和定量检测。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定化妆品中三氯生和三氯卡班

目的建立超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法分析化妆品中三氯生和三氯卡班的方法。方法样品用有机溶剂涡旋超声提取后,用甲醇定容。采用Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C_(18)色谱柱(2.1 mm×50 mm,1.7μm)分离,以甲醇-水为流动相,梯度洗脱。采用多反应监测(MRM)模式进行质谱确认,根据保留时间和特征离子的相对丰度比进行定性,外标法定量。结果三氯生和三氯卡班分别在5～500 ng/ml和0.5～50 ng/ml响应值与浓度呈良好线性关系,方法定量限分别为0.5μg/g和0.01μg/g。在阴性样品中加入低、中、高3个水平点,三氯生和三氯卡班平均回收率分别为96.8%～100.3%和92.8%～110.2%;相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为2.3%～8.8%和1.7%～4.5%。结论此法适用各剂型的化妆品,灵敏度高,重现性好,用于化妆品中三氯生和三氯卡班的检测具有良好的适应性。     

在线免疫亲和固相萃取-高效液相色谱法快速测定食品中赭曲霉毒素A

目的建立在线免疫亲和固相萃取-高效液相色谱快速测定食品中赭曲霉毒素A(ochratoxin A,OTA)的分析方法。方法谷物、豆类样品采用乙腈-水(80:20,V:V)提取,葡萄酒类样品采用NaHCO_3/NaCl/水溶液(0.4:15:100,m:m:V)提取,3%Tween-20(m:V)溶液稀释后,直接经RIDA~?CREST ICE在线免疫亲和固相萃取系统净化-高效液相色谱荧光检测OTA含量。以乙酸铵-乙腈为流动相洗脱,流速1.0 mL/min,C_(18)色谱柱(150 mm×4.6mm,5μm)分离测定。结果方法检出限分别为0.020μg/kg(豆类、谷物)和0.050μg/kg(葡萄酒类);在OTA的浓度为12.5~500 ng/L的范围内线性关系良好,相关系数r~2为0.9995;日内加标回收率为87.4%~109.8%,相对标准偏差0.50%~4.80%。结论该方法分析速度快,灵敏度高,重现性好,可满足快速准确测定大批量食品样品中OTA含量的需要。     

Probiotics and prebiotics--perspectives and challenges

Owing to their health benefits, probiotics and prebiotics are nowadays widely used in yogurts and fermented milks, which are leader products of functional foods worldwide. The world market for functional foods has grown rapidly in the last three decades, with an estimated size in 2003 of ca US$ 33 billion, while the European market estimation exceeded US$ 2 billion in the same year. However, the production of probiotics and prebiotics at industrial scale faces several challenges, including the search for economical and abundant raw materials for prebiotic production, the low-cost production of probiotics and the improvement of probiotic viability after storage or during the manufacturing process of the functional food. In this review, functional foods based on probiotics and prebiotics are introduced as a key biotechnological field with tremendous potential for innovation. A concise state of the art addressing the fundamentals and challenges for the development of new probiotic- and prebiotic-based foods is presented, the niches for future research being clearly identified and discussed.     

常用消毒灭菌法及其机理与应用

介绍了采用消毒灭菌方法,有加热消毒法,紫外线辐射法和化学药剂消毒法。常用化学药剂有醛类、含氯消毒剂、醇类消毒剂以及高锰酸钾、生石灰等,阐释了消毒与灭菌两个概念的区别。     

European citizen and consumer attitudes and preferences regarding beef and pork

This paper presents the combined mid-term findings of the consumer research components of two EU Sixth Framework Programme integrated projects concerning meat, ProSafeBeef and Q-PorkChains. The consumer pillar of ProSafeBeef carried out eight focus group discussions in May 2008, in France, Germany, Spain and the UK. Q-PorkChains conducted a large-scale, web-based, consumer survey in January 2008 in Belgium, Denmark, Germany, Greece and Poland. The first project provides a set of qualitative data from a small cohort of focus groups and the second a set of quantitative data from a larger consumer sample. This paper draws together the main findings of both projects and provides a comprehensive overview of European citizens’ and consumers’ attitudes towards and preferences regarding beef and pork. In general, consumers consider meat to be a healthy and important component of the diet. Consumers support the development of technologies that can improve the health attributes of meat products and guarantee eating quality, but they have a negative view of what they see to be excessive manipulation and lack of naturalness in the production and processing of beef products. In the Q-PorkChains study consumer and citizen segments are identified and profiled. Consumer segments were built upon the frequency and variety of pork consumption. The citizen segments were built upon their attitudes towards pig production systems. Overall, the relationship between individuals’ views as citizens and their behaviour as consumers was found to be quite weak and did not appear to greatly or systematically influence meat-buying habits. Future studies in both projects will concentrate on consumers’ acceptance of innovative meat product concepts and products, with the aim of boosting consumer trust and invigorating the European beef and pork industries.     

益生素、益生菌与结肠癌

介绍了益生素和益生菌及其作用机理。在动物模型中，有大量的数据证实益生素和益生菌能够预防癌症．而在人体内还没有直接实验证据。它们抑制癌症的确切机理目前尚不清楚，其抑制机理可能是：肠道菌群代谢活动的改变，肠道理化环境的改变，潜在的致癌物质的黏附和降解，肠道菌群的改变、抗癌或抗诱变物质的形成、提高宿主的免疫应答、影响宿主的生理活动以及发酵不能被消化的食物并形成有益代谢产物。     

节能节水型印染助剂和设备的现状

从节能、节水、缩短工艺流程和环保的角度出发，介绍了国内外研制开发的一系列新型节能、节水型印染助剂和染整设备。     

原花色素及其开发应用

对原花色素的结构、化学特性、制备、分析方法、应用前景作一综述,并重点讨论其生理功能,为在功能性食品、药物、化妆品等领域的深入研究和开发提供参考。     

天然香精香料与生物技术

天然香精香料是高价值的精细化工产品和食品添加剂,但原料来源有限且提取成本高。利用生物技术生产这类产品具有广阔的前景。简述了发酵工程、酶工程、细胞工程和基因工程在香精香料中的应用,并探讨了生物技术在香精香料中的应用前景。     

毛霉型低盐速成豆豉工业化生产工艺与设备

本文介绍了毛霉型低盐速成豆豉的工业化生产工艺及生产线的关键设备。     

组学技术与果蔬采后质量和安全控制

果蔬可以提供营养, 有利于人类健康, 而果蔬的后熟及其与环境的相互作用会影响果蔬采后的质量和安全。对果蔬生物学过程的了解和掌握是减少果蔬采后损失和保障果蔬采后质量和安全的关键。在过去的10多年, 基于组学技术的系统生物学在了解果蔬后熟及其与环境相互作用的分子机制方面得到了越来越多的应用。本文对此做了细致的总结, 指出了存在的不足, 并提出了未来的发展方向。     

Heritability and correlations for body condition score and dairy form within and across lactation and age

The objectives of the current study were to investigate the relationship between body condition score (BCS) and dairy form and changes in genetic parameters for BCS and dairy form within and across lactations and age. Body condition score and dairy form were obtained from the Holstein Association USA, Inc. Records were edited to include those cows classified between 24 and 60 mo of age and between 0 and 335 d in milk (DIM). A minimum of 20 daughters per sire and 15 cows per herd-classification visit were required. The dataset consisted of 135,178 records from 119,215 cows. Repeatability, multiple trait, and random regression models were used to analyze the data. All models included fixed effects for herd-classification visit, age within lactations 1, 2, and 3 or higher, and 5th-order polynomials for DIM. Random effects included sire and permanent environment for all models. Random regression models included age at classification nested within sire or DIM and lactation number nested within sire. Genetic variance for both BCS and dairy form was lowest in early lactation and highest in midlactation. Genetic correlations within and across lactations were high. The genetic correlation between DIM 0 in lactation 1 and DIM 305 in lactation 3 was estimated to be 0.77 for BCS and 0.60 for dairy form. The genetic correlation estimate between 30 mo of age at classification and 50 mo of age at classification was 0.94 for both dairy form and BCS. The repeatability models appeared to generate accurate evaluations for BCS or dairy form at all ages and stages of lactation.