婴幼儿配方食品中叶黄素的提取及测定

比较婴幼儿配方食品中叶黄素的3种提取方法：氢氧化钾皂化法、丙酮提取法和正己烷提取法,从中得出最佳提取方法为正己烷萃取法。选用色谱柱YMC Carotenoid(4.6mm×250mm,5μm)以甲醇、甲基叔丁基醚为流动相进行梯度洗脱,流速为1mL/min,于445nm波长处测定婴幼儿配方食品中叶黄素的含量。该方法操作简便,提取效率高(平均回收率为95.4%),重现性好(RSD为0.93%),检出限为2μg/100g,可以准确的测定婴幼儿配方食品中叶黄素的含量。     

婴幼儿配方乳粉中叶黄素的测定及其储存过程中损失率的研究

目的建立一种婴幼儿配方乳粉中叶黄素含量的测定方法。并确定叶黄素标准储备液的有效期和考察婴幼儿配方乳粉储存和食用过程中叶黄素含量的损失率。方法样品经超纯水溶解后以0.1%BHT-丙酮溶液超声提取。以甲醇-甲基叔丁基醚为流动相等度洗脱,流速为1.0 m L/min,进样量50μL,柱温25℃,二极管阵列检测器检测,检测波长445 nm。结果在15 min内完成目标物的分离分析,叶黄素在0.1、1.0、10.0μg/100g 3个浓度水平的回收率为90.0%~98.9%,相对标准偏差小于1.47%(n=6),方法定量限为0.5μg/100 g。叶黄素储备液在-70℃冰箱中保存12个月内含量稳定。结论该方法快速、准确、灵敏,适合测定婴幼儿配方乳粉中叶黄素含量的检测,婴幼儿配方乳粉在储存过程中叶黄素含量有下降趋势,保质期内符合国家标准要求。     

高效液相色谱-质谱联用测定婴幼儿配方食品中叶酸的含量

建立了婴幼儿配方食品中叶酸含量的高效液相色谱-质谱联用测定方法。采用C18色谱柱(4.6mm×250mm,5μm)进行分离,以5 mmol/L乙酸铵(含0.1%甲酸)溶液-甲醇为流动相梯度洗脱,柱温25℃,流速1.0 mL/min,进样量20μL,柱后分流比为1∶3,质谱采用多离子反应监测(MRM)方式进行检测,正离子模式,定量离子为m/z442.0→295.2。叶酸在0.001~2.500μg/mL的范围内线性关系良好(r=0.9989),该方法相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.6%~6.0%,回收率为83.9%~104.0%,检出限(S/N=3)和定量限(S/N=10)分别为1.0 ng/mL、3.3 ng/mL。该方法操作简便、灵敏度高、重复性好,可用于婴幼儿配方食品中叶酸的测定。     

婴幼儿配方乳粉中叶黄素含量测定的研究

目的:研究利用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法测定婴幼儿配方乳粉中的叶黄素含量。方法:乳粉样品经水溶解,用含0.1%BHT的丙酮提取所含叶黄素,饱和氯化钠分离丙酮,上清液采用C18色谱柱分离,在445 nm波长下检测。结果:叶黄素在(0.02~0.8)mg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数为0.997,以3倍信噪比(S/N3)计方法的检出限为0.016 mg/L。在100、200、300μg/100 g的添加水平下,叶黄素的平均回收率为98.2%~103.9%,RSD为1.25%~2.53%。应用该方法检测了7种市售婴幼儿配方乳粉中的叶黄素含量,结果表明方法简便、准确。结论:此方法适合婴幼儿配方乳粉中叶黄素含量的日常检测。     

高压液相色谱法同时测定婴幼儿配方乳粉中的叶黄素和β-胡萝卜素

目的建立同时测定婴幼儿配方乳粉中叶黄素和β-胡萝卜素的快速测定方法。方法奶粉样品加2mL 50%氢氧化钾碱溶液,在70℃水浴下皂化15min,经石油醚:乙醚(1:1,v/v)提取,水洗、浓缩后,C30色谱柱分离,在450 nm波长处检测,外标法定量。结果叶黄素和β-胡萝卜素在0.2~4.0μg/mL范围内线性良好,相关系数:R20.9990;三浓度水平加标回收率均在80%~90%之间,样品及三个浓度水平加标6次重复试验RSD均5%。结论该方法准确、简单、快速且能同时测定婴儿配方乳粉中的叶黄素和β-胡萝卜素含量。     

高效液相色谱法快速测定乳粉中叶黄素的质量分数

建立一种测定配方奶粉中叶黄素质量分数的高效液相色谱方法。采用Diamonsil C18色谱柱(5μm,250 mm×4.6 mm),流动相为甲醇-水(97∶3),流速1.0 mL/min,检测波长445 nm,采用空白基质加标实验绘制标准曲线,该方法在0.5～100 mg/L的质量浓度范围内线性关系良好(R=0.9987),加标水平为0.50,1.00,5.00μg/g时,回收率分别介于96.8%～98.4%之间,相对标准偏差介于4.27%～6.73%之间,该方法检测限低于0.10μg/g。该方法操作简便,灵敏度高、准确度高、重现性好,适合于配方奶粉中叶黄素的测定。     

HPLC法测定食品中的叶黄素含量

为了测定食品中的叶黄素的含量,建立方便可靠的测定方法,采用高效液相色谱法对食品中叶黄素含量进行了测定.使用硅胶色谱柱(4.6mm×250 mm,5μm),以环己烷∶乙酸乙酯=75 ∶ 25为流动相,检测波长445nm.该方法最低检出量1.0mg/kg,RSD 为1.2%,加标回收率为93.85.6%,RSD 为3.1%～4.1%.该方法简便、准确,有良好的重现性,技术参数指标符合食品理化分析的要求.     

酶水解-液相色谱法测定婴幼儿食品中的色氨酸

利用酶解水解法,建立了婴幼儿配方乳粉(以下简称乳粉)和特殊医学用途婴儿配方食品(以下简称为医学食品)中游离和总色氨酸的高效液相色谱检测方法。样品经蛋白酶水解后,经C18色谱柱(150 mm×4.6 mm, 3.5μm)分离,以甲醇-0.1%乙酸溶液作为流动相等度洗脱,紫外检测器串联荧光检测器检测,外标法定量。结果表明:在质量浓度为0.2～100μg/mL范围内线性关系良好(r2=0.9999)。添加质量分数在100,500,1000 mg/100 g时,色氨酸的回收率介于99.0%～105.3%之间。色氨酸的检出限为1.5 mg/100g,定量限为5 mg/100 g。本方法操作简便,重现性好,可应用于市售乳粉和医学食品中色氨酸含量的测定,填补了检测标准缺失的空白。     

HPLC法测定婴幼儿配方食品中的糠氨酸

建立高效液相色谱法测定婴幼儿配方食品中糠氨酸的分析方法。样品经复溶后,经10.6 mol/L盐酸水解,用迪马铂金ODS色谱柱分离,采用紫外检测器在280 nm下进行检测,外标法定量。方法标准曲线线性相关系数r2=0.999 9,精密度RSD为2.23%,加标回收率为96.56%~106.24%,检出限(S/N=3)为0.38μg/mL,检测限(S/N=10)为1.25μg/mL。分析21个婴幼儿配方食品样品(含11个品牌),结果表明,糠氨酸含量水平在468 mg/100 g~1 467 mg/100 g(以蛋白质计)之间,部分样品的蛋白质质量损伤程度较大。     

高效液相色谱法检测婴幼儿配方食品中维生素B12的含量

目的 建立一种高效液相色谱快速检测婴幼儿配方食品中维生素B12的方法。方法 选择C18柱（250×4.6mm,4.6 μm）作为色谱柱,流动相为水-甲醇（75:25）,流速0.5 mL/min等度洗脱,进样量35 μL,柱温40℃,波长361nm,样品经超声提取15 min,然后在8000 r/min下冷冻离心10 min,离心结束后取上清液过0.22 μm滤膜,上机测试。结果 显示维生素B12标准品在浓度0.05~2.0 μg/mL范围内线性良好;相关系数r=0.9998;平均回收率91.3 %;检出限2 ng/mL。结论 该条件下的高效液相色谱可测定婴幼儿配方食品中维生素B12含量,具有重复性好、简单、快速、结果准确等优点。因此该方法可应用于婴幼儿配方食品中维生素B12含量的检测。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Influence des ions sur le pouvoir hydratant de l'ure e: e tude sur peau de porc ex vivo

This study deals with the influence of ions (NaCl and MgSO4) in a W/O emulsion containing 10% urea. Moisturization kinetics are assessed by corneometry on pig skin ex vivo. The formula's influence on urea penetration is measured by infrared spectrometry with an ATR device and the stripping method. Corneometry and spectroscopy were chosen to record simultaneously the hydratation levels and urea localization into superficial cell layers. Urea crystallization after evaporation of emulsions and aqueous solutions is described. Results show that urea does not hydrate nor penetrate when applied to the skin through an aqueous gel. In a W/O emulsion, sodium chloride increases the ability of urea to moisturize without improving penetration. In vitro urea crystallization is disturbed by sodium chloride or magnesium sulphate for solutions and emulsions. This stabilization by ions is correlated with good moisturization values. The stabilization of urea in the solute state provided by ions increases its water epidermal binding capacity without enhancing penetration.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a