传统酸面团中细菌与酵母菌的分离与鉴定

为进一步描述我国传统面食发酵剂的理化性质和菌落组成,收集了北方地区6份发酵剂样品,测定了其酸度和菌落总数,并对分离、纯化、初筛后得到的75株细菌和60株酵母菌进行了测序鉴定。结果显示,样品pH值范围为3.73~5.46,总滴定酸度为8.3~19.8 mL;乳酸菌和酵母菌的计数结果分别为8.35±0.07~9.75±0.12 Log cfu/g,6.31±0.22~8.68±0.04 Log cfu/g。鉴定出包括短乳杆菌(Lactobacillus brevis)、植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)和旧金山乳杆菌(Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis)在内的乳酸菌8种;酵母菌4种,其中优势菌为酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae);其他细菌6种,主要为解淀粉芽孢杆菌(B.amyloliquefaciens)、地衣芽孢杆菌(B.licheniformis)和醋杆菌。结果表明,我国传统面食发酵剂菌相复杂,以酵母菌和乳酸菌为主,还包括芽孢杆菌、醋酸杆菌在内的多种其他细菌,甚至可能含有致病菌。通过比较细菌和酵母在不同酸面团样品中的分布,发现不同来源样品的微生物种类组成存在差异。     

韩国泡菜加工过程中微生物区系的研究

为了解韩国泡菜在制作过程中微生物的区系,分离鉴定其在腌制、发酵过程中的优势微生物。结果表明：韩国泡菜腌制过程中优势乳酸菌经鉴定为短乳杆菌（Lactobacillus brevis）、植物乳杆菌（Lactobacillusplantarum）;优势酵母菌为近平滑假丝酵母（Candida parapsilosis）、粗状假丝酵母（Candida valida）;韩国泡菜在发酵过程中的优势乳酸菌为植物乳杆菌（Lactobacillus plantarum）、弯曲乳杆菌（Lactobacillus curvatus）、短乳杆菌（Lactobacillus brevis）、肠膜明串珠菌肠膜亚种（Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides）;优势酵母菌为近平滑假丝酵母（Candida parapsilosis）、粗状假丝酵母（Candida valida）、酿酒酵母（Saccharomyces cerevisiae）。     

孝感酒酿微生物多样性及优势菌特性研究

采用PCR-变性梯度凝胶电泳(PCR-DGGE)技术法检测不同酒酿样品中微生物多样性,发现酒酿中包含酿酒酵母属(Saccha-romyces sp.)、毕赤酵母属(Pichia sp.)、乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus sp.)和葡萄糖杆菌属(Gluconobacter sp.)等。从3种酒酿中分离3株优势酵母菌、1株乳酸杆菌和1株球菌,经鉴定为2株酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)、1株贝酵母(Saccharomyces bayanus)、坚韧肠球菌(Enterococcus durans)和植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)。3株优势酵母菌MJN2、17JN2和MJN3表现了较强的产酒精能力,培养48h后,酒精产量分别达到1.4%vol、1.5%vol和2.2%vol,2株优势乳酸菌JN3和JN1表现出了较强的产酸能力,培养24h后,pH值分别达到5.13和3.69。     

发酵馕面团中优势菌群的分离及其在馒头发酵中的应用研究

对新疆地区3份发酵馕面团样品中微生物进行分离、纯化,通过形态观察及分子生物学技术对分离菌株进行鉴定,并通过测定乳酸菌的产酸和酵母菌的产气能力,筛选优良菌株用于发酵馒头的制备,分析其对馒头感官品质及风味物质的影响。结果表明,分离纯化得到36株乳酸菌和51株酵母菌,乳酸菌包括旧金山乳杆菌（Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis）、植物乳杆菌（Lactobacillus plantarum）、发酵乳杆菌（Lactobacillus fermentum）和粪肠球菌（Enterococcus faecalis）4种;酵母菌包括发酵毕赤酵母（Pichia fermentans）、酿酒酵母（Saccharomyces cerevisiae）和膜毕赤酵母（Pichia membranifaciens）3种。植物乳杆菌产酸量最大,为113.55～127.8 g/L;酿酒酵母和发酵毕赤酵母产气较快。发酵毕赤酵母与安琪酵母单独发酵馒头时,在醇类和酯类物质的种类和相对含量上差异较大,风味差异明显;植物乳杆菌与发酵毕赤酵母菌混菌发酵馒头时,随着发酵毕赤酵母添加量增加,可降低馒头中醇类、醛类...     

乳酸菌、酵母菌的筛选鉴定及其在米发糕中的应用

为得到适合米发糕发酵的发酵剂,对传统发酵米浆中的乳酸菌和酵母菌进行分离,通过对其菌落、菌株形态特征及生长性能的测定,筛选得到1株乳酸菌和2株酵母菌,分别经16SrDNA和26SrDNA鉴定,确定为植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)、矮小假丝酵母菌(Candida humilis)和酿酒酵母菌(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)。将3株优良发酵菌株复配应用于米发糕中,通过对其发酵所得产品的感官品质及质构特性进行分析,确定出最佳复配菌比。结果表明:当植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)、酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)和矮小假丝酵母(Candida humilis)的复配体积比为1:3:6时,所得米发糕的感官品质和质构特性最好,且由GC-MS检测到29种挥发性风味物质,其中与市售米发糕和双菌复合发酵得到的米发糕共同检出5种风味物质,分别是苯乙醛、苯甲醛、苯乙醇、十四烷和棕榈酸乙酯,其特有的风味物质有12种,其中9种为酯类物质。该种复合发酵剂发酵得到的米发糕具有较好的品质,有望应用于米发糕的发酵生产。     

红茶菌中微生物的分离与鉴定

对某红茶菌中的微生物菌种进行分离,共得到70个菌株,其中酵母菌15株,醋酸菌30株,乳酸菌25株,经过初步鉴定得到6个菌种。分别为酿酒酵母Saccharomyces cerevisiae、粟酒裂殖酵母Schizosaccharomyces pombe、醋化醋杆菌木质亚种Acetobacterxylinum、液化醋杆菌A.liquefaciens、甲醇醋杆菌Acidomonas mnethanolica、乳杆菌Lactobacillus sp。     

恩施市3种泡辣椒样品中细菌多样性研究

以恩施市3种泡辣椒为研究对象,使用MiSeq高通量测序技术与聚合酶链式反应-变性梯度凝胶电泳(PCR-DGGE)技术相结合的手段对样品中细菌群落的结构进行解析,并采用传统微生物培养方法及分子生物学技术对其中的乳酸菌进行分离和鉴定。结果表明,硬壁菌门(Firmicutes)和变形菌门(Proteobacteria)为泡辣椒中的优势细菌门,其平均相对含量分别为85.70%、12.59%;乳酸杆菌属(Lactobacillus)为优势细菌属,其平均相对含量达67.37%。通过传统微生物培养方法共分离鉴定出14株乳酸菌,其中7株为植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum),2株为发酵乳杆菌(Lactobacillus fermentum),3株为屎肠球菌(Enterococcus faecium),2株为香肠乳杆菌(Lactobacillus farciminis)。结果表明,泡辣椒中的优势乳酸菌为植物乳杆菌。     

贵州少数民族酸肉、酸鱼中乳酸菌的分离鉴定

采用传统微生物分离方法进行乳酸菌纯种分离,利用16S rRNA序列分析方法进行乳酸菌鉴定,从7个酸肉、酸鱼样品中共分离出14株乳酸菌,有乳杆菌属、环丝菌属、乳球菌属3个属,9个种.从其中鉴定出7株乳酸菌,分别是:植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)、消化乳杆菌(Lactobacillus alimentarius)、清酒乳杆菌(Lactobacillus sakei)、泡菜乳杆菌(Lactobacillus kinchi)、清酒乳杆菌亚种(肉)(Lactobacillus sakei subsp.carnosus)、草乳杆菌(Lactobacillus graminis)、弯曲乳杆菌(Lactobacillus curvatus).     

新疆阿勒泰地区传统酸乳中乳酸菌的分离鉴定及菌相分析

采用传统纯培养方法对采集自新疆阿勒泰地区的15份传统酸乳样品中的乳酸菌进行分离纯化,运用16S rDNA序列分析方法进行属种鉴定。结果表明,分离的36株乳酸菌属于乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus)的5个种或亚种。其中发酵乳杆菌(Lactobacillus fermentum)8株,植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)6株,开菲尔乳杆菌(Lactobacillus kefiri)6株,干酪乳杆菌(Lactobacillus casei)3株,鼠李糖乳杆菌(Lactobacillus rhamnosus)6株,德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种(Lactobacillus bulgaricus)3株,瑞士乳杆菌(Lactobacillus helveticus)4株。其中发酵乳杆菌为新疆阿勒泰地区传统酸乳中的优势菌种,占总分离株的22%。     

酸驼乳发酵乳酸菌菌株的筛选及其发酵特性研究

对新疆自然发酵骆驼乳中乳酸菌菌群进行分离鉴定得到五株乳酸菌,其中乳杆菌3株分别为瑞士乳杆菌(Lactobacillus helveticus)、植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantrum)和开菲尔乳杆菌(Lactobacillus kefiri),片球菌2株分别为乳酸片球菌(Pediococcus acidilactici)戊糖片球菌(Pediococcus pentosaceus)。分离鉴定出的五株乳酸菌在培养基中生长良好,其活菌数在培养16 h后能达到109 CFU/m L。将传统酸奶发酵剂接种于骆驼乳中并于42℃条件下培养,发现其在骆驼乳中能较好地产酸,其添加量在0.1%时最适。将筛选到的乳酸菌制备成生产发酵剂与传统酸奶发酵剂复配,得到瑞士乳杆菌组的复配效果最佳,具有最优的产酸效果,在经过6 h发酵后p H值降到4.5左右,酸度达到85oT,且制备的发酵骆驼乳具有最好的感官品质,其感官评分明显高于其他菌株复配进行发酵的骆驼乳产品。因此,可将0.1%传统酸奶发酵剂与筛选到的瑞士乳杆菌制备的生产发酵剂复配应用于酸驼乳发酵。     

麦麸阿魏酸糖酯微生物发酵工艺优化及体外抗氧化和益生活性评价

以麦麸为原料,对固态发酵制备麦麸阿魏酸糖酯（Feruloylated glycosides,FGs）的工艺进行优化,并对其体外抗氧化及益生活性进行评价。以植物乳杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌、酿酒酵母为发酵菌种,采取单菌发酵和混菌发酵筛选最优菌种组合,考察接种量、发酵温度、发酵时间、料水比对麦麸FGs产量的影响,通过响应面试验设计优化发酵工艺。结果表明:以枯草芽孢杆菌:地衣芽孢杆菌:酿酒酵母=1:1:1发酵麦麸时,FGs产量最高;最佳固态发酵工艺条件为发酵温度42.5℃,发酵时间58.5 h,接种量10.7%,料水比1:1.16（g/mL）,在此条件下FGs产量为1273.18 nmol/g;抗氧化实验结果表明,DPPH自由基清除率高达87.42%（1 mg/mL）,羟基自由基清除率为33.68%（4 mg/mL）,还原力为1.078（4 mg/mL）。发酵麦麸FGs可有效促进嗜热链球菌和植物乳杆菌的增殖。综上所述,以枯草芽孢杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌和酿酒酵母混菌发酵制备的麦麸FGs有一定的抗氧化和益生活性。     

Inhibition of yeasts isolated from traditional Turkish cheeses by Lactobacillus spp.

Antifungal activity of some Lactobacillus strains was determined. Yeasts were isolated and identified as Saccharomyces cerevisiae (10 of 17) and one each of Candida pseudotropicalis, C. krusei, C. lipolytica, C. lusitaniae, C. ciferrii, Torulopsis glabrata and Rhodotorula rubra . Lactobacillus strains were found to have fairly strong antifungal activity against S. cerevisiae . Of the 19 bacteria tested, L. plantarum Lp 21 seemed to have the most inhibitory effect against all of the S. cerevisiae strains except for S. cerevisiae 13. We suggest that L. plantarum Lp 21 can be used with starter cultures for cheese production.     

PCR-DGGE分析木瓜酵素自然发酵过程中微生物的多样性

为探究木瓜酵素自然发酵过程中的微生物多样性及变化规律,采用聚合酶链式反应-变性梯度凝胶电泳(polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis,PCR-DGGE)技术分析木瓜酵素自然发酵过程中细菌和酵母的多样性及变化规律。结果表明,木瓜酵素自然发酵过程中主要细菌有植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)、假肠膜明串珠菌(Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides)、类肠膜魏斯氏菌(Weissella paramesenteroides)及不可培养的丙酸菌(Uncultured Propionibacterium sp.),其中植物乳杆菌为主要优势细菌;主要酵母有:酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)、假丝酵母(Candida xestobii、Candida intermedia)、毕赤酵母(Pichia guilliermondii、Komagataella phaffii、Pichia punctispora、Pichia galeiformis)、棒孢酵母(Clavispora sp.)及Cyberlindnera fabianii,其中酿酒酵母和毕赤酵母为主要优势酵母;Lac plantarum、Pic galeiformis分别与Uncultured Propionibacterium sp.、Cyb fabianii之间的亲缘性较高,与其他菌之间的亲缘性较小。木瓜酵素自然发酵过程中菌群交替生长,有一定的亲缘性,菌落结构变化较小,分布较为均匀,这为进一步的研究提供理论基础。     

Sourdough Lactic Acid Bacteria Effects on Bread Firmness and Stalin

Lactobacillus sanfrancisco CB1 and Lactobacillus plantarum DC400 were the most proteolytic and amylolytic strains studied. Breads started with LAB and yeasts had higher volumes than the baker's yeast-started bread. One bread with the highest initial firmness (Saccharomyces cerevisiae 141- L . plantarum DC400 starter) had the lowest final firmness. Breads produced with LAB showed the lowest enthalpy throughout 144 h. After 24 h storage the associations of S. cerevisiae 141 and L. sanfrancisco CB1 or L. plantarum DC400 gave a very low percentage increase of enthalpy compared to that from yeast alone. The enthalpy increased markedly when other LAB, neither proteolytic nor amylolytic, were used.     

植物乳杆菌与酿酒酵母共发酵对薏仁米发酵液品质及抗氧化活性的增效性

该文研究植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum,LP)与酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae,SC)共发酵对薏仁米发酵液的品质和抗氧化活性的增效性.以基础理化特性(pH、总酸、还原糖和可溶性蛋白)、有机酸、多肽分子质量分布、游离氨基酸、总黄酮、总多酚、总三萜和可溶性膳食纤维等物...     

植物乳杆菌P-8发酵乳的代谢物图谱

发酵乳是由上百种生物分子组成的一个复杂的食品体系,目前没有单一的分析平台能够完整地测定其所有的代谢物。本试验通过监测植物乳杆菌P-8单菌发酵乳和植物乳杆菌P-8与商业发酵剂YC-X11复配发酵乳的发酵特性,采用超高效液相色谱和四极杆飞行时间串联质谱技术结合统计学方法分析发酵乳的代谢物图谱。试验结果表明,植物乳杆菌P-8与商业发酵剂YC-X11复配发酵所需时间为5 h,远远少于植物乳杆菌P-8发酵所需时间(13 h);复配发酵乳活菌数、滴定酸度均显著增加(P<0.05)。通过代谢组学的分析方法,共鉴定出62种代谢物,主要差异代谢物为有机酸(7种)、多肽(4种)、游离氨基酸(4种)、核酸代谢物(4种)和芳香类物质(3种)等。利用代谢组学方法能够对发酵乳代谢物进行鉴定和分析,并作为其潜在的生物标记物。     

Lactobacillus strains isolated from Danbo cheese as adjunct cultures in a cheese model system

Isolates of Non-Starter Lactic Acid Bacteria (NSLAB) from six ripened Danbo cheeses of different ages and of different brands were examined. Special emphasis was on the genus Lactobacillus with the aim of investigating their role in cheese maturation. Thirty-three isolates were typed by the PCR-based method, Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Ten RAPD types were found and 70% of the isolates were of RAPD types found in more than one cheese. The different RAPD types were identified to species level by Temporal Temperature Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (TTGE). Most of the isolates were identified as Lactobacillus paracasei (76%), but also Lactobacillus curvatus, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus rhamnosus and some taxa originating from the starter culture were detected. In one cheese, no lactobacilli were found.One strain of the most frequent Lactobacillus RAPD type from each of the five cheeses with a Lactobacillus flora was used as adjunct cultures in a cheese model system. Four of the five adjuncts were re-isolated during ripening. Two adjunct containing model cheeses received higher flavour scores than the control while two other were associated with off-flavours. The two model cheeses with off-flavour had a similar microflora and both were after 13 weeks of ripening dominated by a strain identified as L. plantarum.     

四川泡菜中产γ-氨基丁酸微生物的系统发育与表达能力评估

为拓展产γ-氨基丁酸(γ-aminobutyric,GABA)微生物资源,以四川泡菜为分离源,从中分离产GABA的乳酸菌和酵母,并对其GABA表达能力进行评估。通过分离纯化,从四川泡菜中获得了338株乳酸菌和67株酵母。采用纸色谱测定,筛选获得12株乳酸菌和3株酵母菌具有产GABA的能力。生理生化和系统发育研究揭示12株乳酸菌分别被鉴定为Lactobacillus acidophilus(占比8.3%)、Lactobacillus fermentum(8.3%)、Lactobacillus kimchii(8.3%)、Lactobacillus suebicus(8.3%)、Lactobacillus brevis(16.7%)、Lactobacillus parafarraginis(8.3%)、Lactobacillus similis(8.3%)、Lactobacillus plantarum(25.2%)和Lactobacillus pentosus(8.3%);3株酵母中,2株被鉴定为Saccharomyces cerevisiae;1株被鉴定为Candida tanzawaensis。进一步采用高效液相色谱对菌株GABA的表达能力评估发现,乳酸菌Lactobacillus plantarum BC114和Lactobacillus brevis BC237发酵产GABA的能力较强,分别达1 720 mg/L和1 080 mg/L;酵母菌Saccharomyces cerevisiae JM037发酵产GABA的能力较强,达670 mg/L。     

微生物固态发酵菜籽粕营养特性的研究

以普通菜籽粕为原料,选用枯草芽孢杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌、植物乳杆菌、啤酒酵母、季也蒙毕赤酵母及黑曲霉等菌种,通过单菌株与混菌株发酵试验,研究发酵对菜籽粕中粗蛋白和抗营养因子含量的影响。结果表明,芽孢杆菌的蛋白酶活性高于其他菌株;混菌株发酵效果明显优于单菌株发酵;混菌株发酵中枯草芽孢杆菌、植物乳杆菌和啤酒酵母三菌种组合发酵能较好地提高菜籽粕作为饲料蛋白的品质,此时其粗蛋白质增加率和硫代葡萄糖苷(硫苷)、唑烷硫酮(OZT)、单宁、植酸降解率分别为5.37、93.44、99.99、34.86、18.15%(干基)。     

Identification of lactic acid bacteria isolated from kimchi and studies on their suitability for application as starter culture in the production of fermented sausages

The aim of the investigation was to identify strains of lactobacilli coming from kimchi with properties suitable for use as starter cultures in sausage fermentation. A total of 31 strains of lactobacilli were isolated from kimchi on the 4-6th day of fermentation at 20°C using MRS agar plates and identified on the basis of morphological, biochemical, and physiological characteristics. The isolates were identified as Leuconostoc mes.mes./dent (12.9%), Lactobacillus curvatus (9.7%), Lactobacillus brevis (35.5%), Lactobacillus sake (25.8%), and Lactobacillus plantarum (16.1%). Thus, 51.6% of the isolates were homo-fermentative or facultative hetero-fermentative bacteria and the rest (48.4%) were hetero-fermentative bacteria. Among them L. brevis, L. curvatus, L. plantarum, and L. sake were investigated for their growth profile and metabolism characteristics in the fluid (submerged) model-medium modified according to the special conditions of fermented sausages. Relatively good growth properties were found for L. brevis, L. plantarum, and L. sake with maximum numbers of 8.18, 8.51 and 8.17cfu/ml, respectively, whereas L. curvatus could not adapt to the special environmental conditions. Regarding souring properties, L. brevis showed little ability to decrease pH, whereas L. curvatus, L. plantarum, and L. sake showed relatively good acidifying properties. According to the results of glucose fermentation and its products, only L. plantarum exhibited homo-fermentative characteristics. As a result only L. plantarum among the isolates from kimchi had an ability to adapt to the complex environment of fermented sausage, which will thereby allow them to act as starter cultures and natural preservatives in sausage production.