‘Marker Swap’ Plasmids: Convenient Tools for Budding Yeast Molecular Genetics

One-step gene disruption constructs for disruption of HIS3, LEU2, TRP1 or URA3 with each of the other three markers have been constructed. All of these constructs have been tested and found to effectively convert markers either in gene disruptions or on plasmids. The ‘swapped’ strains allow the unambiguous genetic analysis of synthetic phenotypes with multiple genes, even if the original gene disruptions were made with the same marker. They also allow introduction of multiple plasmids in a single transformant, even if the original plasmids had the same marker, and allow transformation of plasmids into strains containing gene disruptions made with the same marker that is on the plasmids. These ‘marker-swap’ plasmids therefore eliminate the need for much subcloning to change markers. Marker-swapped alleles are acceptably stable mitotically and meiotically for most applications.© 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于16S rRNA基因与相关基因序列分析格氏乳球菌亲缘关系

通过PCR扩增7株分离自传统发酵乳制品中的格氏乳球菌的dnaA、rpoB、recA基因,将扩增产物测序,测得的序列构建系统发育树,进行分类鉴定.同时,比较了这三个基因位点与16S rRNA基因揭示的格氏乳球菌种内菌株间以及其与乳酸乳球菌种间的亲缘关系的远近.结果表明,dnaA、rpoB、recA基因能够有效的鉴定出格氏乳球菌,且比16S rRNA基因更清晰地揭示了格氏乳球菌菌株间以及其与乳酸乳球菌种间的亲缘关系,特别是将3个管家基因联合起来,亲缘关系更明确,验证了多个管家基因是研究细菌亲缘关系的有力工具.     

广州市售豆制品转基因成分的检测与分析

为了解广州市市售豆制品的转基因情况,对广州市售散装豆制品和预包装豆制品分别进行抽样检验.采用改良十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）法提取大豆DNA,利用核酸定性PCR、实时荧光PCR及环介导等温扩增技术（LAMP）对外源基因CaMV5S,NOS和EPSPS进行检测.调查共抽检豆制品207份,研究结果表明,在检测的159份散装豆制品中,87份检出转基因成分;在48份预包装豆制品中,18份检出转基因成分.散装豆制品无任何食品标签,而预包装豆制品均无转基因食品标识.     

枯草杆菌中性蛋白酶基因的表达

本文研究了中性蛋白酶基因在不同宿主菌及各种培养条件下的蛋白酶表达水平。用含有中性蛋白酶基因的重组质粒ＰＭＰＲ４，ＰＭＰＲ８和ＰＭＰＲ１６转化ＢａｃｉｌｌｕｓｓｕｂｔｉｌｉｓＢＧ２０３６，ＢａｃｉｌｌｕｓｓｕｂｔｉｌｉｓＡＳ１．３９８和ＢａｃｉｌｌｕｓｓｕｂｔｉｌｉｓＭＬ，对转化菌产生的蛋白酶活性分析表明：三个重组质粒的导入，均使主菌的酶活性有大幅度的提高。其规律是：宿主菌的蛋白酶活性越低，提高的幅     

应用基因芯片技术检测食品中金黄色葡萄球菌

采用基因芯片技术对食品中金黄色葡萄球菌进行检测,在检测靶基因扩增后用制备的基因芯片进行杂交反应。应用基因芯片对从食品中分离的金黄色葡萄球菌进行检测,得到金黄色葡萄球菌特异性的杂交图谱,从而达到对食品中金黄色葡萄球菌进行检测的目的。实验证明,制备的基因芯片能够准确、快速检测食品中金黄色葡萄球菌。     

杆菌属蛋白酶基因的结构及其应用

本文介绍了杆菌属中蛋白酶基因的结构及其在工业、科学研究中的广泛应用。杆菌属中的蛋白酶基因具有典型的“ｐｒｅ┐ｐｒｏ┐成熟酶前体”编码特征。其中ｐｒｅ┐序列编码信号肽，ｐｒｏ┐序列编码一段为蛋白酶形成具有生物活性的合适构象所需的肽链。ｐｒｅ┐与ｐｒｏ┐序列都在蛋白酶前体从细胞中分泌出来后被切去。具有相同性质的蛋白酶即使来源于不同菌种，在基因结构上仍具有很高的同源性；而性质不同的蛋白酶，即使来自同一菌种，它们在氨基酸组成，在ｐｒｅ┐、ｐｒｏ┐序列上都存在着很大差异。克隆的蛋白酶基因可用以构建具有蛋白酶高表达活性的基因工程菌，也可被用来研究蛋白酶的结构与性能的相互关系，还可被用于构建具有特殊功能的克隆载体。     

枯草芽孢杆菌B.subtilisML中性蛋白酶基因的克隆及鉴定

以蛋白酶高产菌株Ｂ．ｓｕｂｔｉｌｉｓ ＭＬ为供体菌，提取其染色体ＤＮＡ，经限制性内切酶ＢａｍＨＩ完全酶切后，插入枯草杆菌载体ｐＮＱ１２２的相同酶切位点，连接后转化中性碱性蛋白酶基因双缺陷型菌株Ｂ．ｓｕｂｔｉｌｉｓＤＢ１０４。从含有氯霉素的酪蛋白平板上获得了２０个具有蛋白酶活性的克隆。     

Evolutionary journey and characterisation of a novel pan-gene associated with beer strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The sequencing of over a thousand Saccharomyces cerevisiae genomes revealed a complex pangenome. Over one third of the discovered genes are not present in the S. cerevisiae core genome but instead are often restricted to a subset of yeast isolates and thus may be important for adaptation to specific environmental niches. We refer to these genes as “pan-genes,” being part of the pangenome but not the core genome. Here, we describe the evolutionary journey and characterisation of a novel pan-gene, originally named hypothetical (HYPO) open-reading frame. Phylogenetic analysis reveals that HYPO has been predominantly retained in S. cerevisiae strains associated with brewing but has been repeatedly lost in most other fungal species during evolution. There is also evidence that HYPO was horizontally transferred at least once, from S. cerevisiae to Saccharomyces paradoxus. The phylogenetic analysis of HYPO exemplifies the complexity and intricacy of evolutionary trajectories of genes within the S. cerevisiae pangenome. To examine possible functions for Hypo, we overexpressed a HYPO-GFP fusion protein in both S. cerevisiae and Saccharomyces pastorianus. The protein localised to the plasma membrane where it accumulated initially in distinct foci. Time-lapse fluorescent imaging revealed that when cells are grown in wort, Hypo-gfp fluorescence spreads throughout the membrane during cell growth. The overexpression of Hypo-gfp in S. cerevisiae or S. pastorianus strains did not significantly alter cell growth in medium-containing glucose, maltose, maltotriose, or wort at different concentrations.     

金黄色葡萄球菌生物被膜基因型的分子鉴定

本文选用常见的典型食源性微生物金黄色葡萄球菌,从食品微生物安全角度出发,采用生物被膜菌落结晶紫染色法定量检测58株金黄色葡萄球菌菌株生物被膜的形成能力。并对金黄色葡萄球菌生物被膜相关基因型进行分型研究,包括ica调控子分型(ica A、ica D、ica BC)与粘附特性分型(agr、atl E和aap)研究。结果显示,所有检测菌株均能生成生物被膜,其中3株能生成强粘附性生物被膜,占5.2%;生成中等生物被膜能力菌株有23株,占39.7%;32株金黄色葡萄球菌生成弱粘附生物被膜,占55.2%。实验所用的58株菌株中有48株能扩增出ica A基因,56株扩增出ica D基因,57株扩增出ica BC基因,56株扩增出agr,分别有53株和57株染色体中存在aap和atl E基因。本实验的结论:ica操纵子为金黄色葡萄球菌生物被膜形成所必须,aap基因可能作为促进金黄色葡萄球菌生物被膜形成的一个独立因素。而atl E,agr基因是金黄色葡萄球菌生物被膜粘附过程中形成所必须的调节因子。     

Methods for the detection of beef and pork in foods using real-time polymerase chain reaction

Summary Two TaqMan?‐polymerase chain reaction (PCR) systems have been developed which permit the detection of even minute amounts of beef and pork in processed foods. In these methods cattle‐specific primers amplified a fragment from the phosphodiesterase gene having a length of 104 base pairs (bp), and the swine‐specific primers amplified a fragment from the ryanodin gene having a length of 108 bp. Beyond this, a third TaqMan?‐PCR system, developed on the basis of the detection of the myostatin gene, permits a reliable exclusion of false‐negative results by detecting meat from a variety of mammals or poultry in the material to be tested.     

赖氨酸工业生产菌的研究进展

简要地介绍了人工诱变赖氨酸生产菌的研究成果 ,通过 3个实例介绍了基因克隆技术在赖氨酸生产菌研究上的应用 ,介绍阐述了扩增基因对赖氨酸生产的正负面影响     

潮州市市售豆制品的转基因成分检测

为了解潮州市区市售豆制品的转基因成分状况,随机购买潮州市区主要市场市售豆制品进行检测与分析。用CTAB法即改良十六烷基三甲基溴化铵,对豆制品的DNA成分进行提取并对提取到的豆制品DNA用核酸蛋白分析仪测量OD值,利用核酸定性聚合酶链式反应(Polymerase Chain Reaction,PCR)、实时定量PCR等技术对外源基因CP4-EPSPS、NOS和Ca MV35S进行检测。对潮州市区主要市场市售豆制品29份样品进行检测,研究结果表明,提取到的豆制品DNA溶液浓度和纯度都较高,OD260 nm/OD280 nm介于1.9～2.1之间,抽取到的DNA质量浓度达到200 ng/μL以上,能够满足检测要求。在检测的豆制品中,有超过一半含有转基因成分。除了大润发超市外,豆制品没有任何食品标签,所有豆制品也没有是否含有转基因成分的标签。转基因食品标识制度的实施仍处于一个初始阶段,国家应该建立起强有力的市场监管机制。因此,我们必须高度重视转基因食品标签制度落实及其相应的市场监管工作。     

Aspergillus ficuum内切菊粉酶基因在大肠杆菌中表达

研究内切菊粉酶基因在大肠杆菌中表达,利用基因工程的原理和方法,将来源于Asper-gillus ficuum JNSP5-06的内切菊粉酶基因(endoI)克隆到pET-28a(+),并在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中进行表达。重组菌经IPTG诱导后对表达产物进行酶活检测和酶水解产物分析。结果表明已成功构建表达载体pET28a-endoI,表达后的粗酶活为35 U/mL发酵液;重组酶水解菊粉的产物经TLC分析证实酶液具有内切菊粉酶活性,水解产物主要为低聚二糖、三糖和四糖。为其应用和工业化生产奠定基础。     

New 'marker swap' plasmids for converting selectable markers on budding yeast gene disruptions and plasmids

Marker swap plasmids can be used to change markers for genes disrupted with nutritional markers in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We describe 18 new marker swap plasmids, and we also review other plasmids available for marker conversions. All of these plasmids have long regions of flanking sequence identity, and thus the efficiency of homologous recombination mediated by marker conversion is very high. Marker swaps allow one to easily perform crosses to construct double mutant strains even if each of the disrupted strains contains the same marker, as is the case with the KanMX marker used in the yeast knockout collection. Marker swaps can also be used to change the selectable marker on plasmids, eliminating the need for subcloning.     

基于相干和互谱估计的延时基因网络构建

针对基因之间的延时调控关系,从数字信号处理的角度将基因表达数据视为离散的时间序列,提出了基于小波去噪、相干和互谱估计的时间延迟基因网络构建方法,并初步构建了延时基因调控网络.该网络能够更好地反映生物现象的内部作用过程,为进一步分析基因之间的功能提供了参考.     

海藻糖合成酶基因(TPS)的研究进展

概述海藻糖合酶基因和海藻糖的理化性质、海藻糖的生物学功能、发展前景和海藻糖合酶基因在转基因中的应用。通过讨论几个转化此基因的实例,探讨转基因植物体内海藻糖的积累和植株形态改变之间的关系以及抗逆性状的改良,展望海藻糖合酶基因的研究趋势。     

利用TAIL-PCR技术克隆猴头菇β-glucosidase基因

根据已知的β-glucosidase基因的保守序列设计引物,从猴头菇的菌丝体中克隆到β-glucosidase基因片段B1,再利用TAIL-PCR技术扩增B1两端的侧翼序列B2和B3,B2和B3序列经Blastn、ORF和Primer5·0软件分析后,再设计B2和B3侧翼序列的特异引物对猴头菇的基因组DNA进行扩增,最终扩增到全长的β-glucosidase基因,其大小为2226bp。     

食品中单核细胞增生李斯特菌株的分离及聚合酶链式反应鉴定

目的 建立单核细胞增生李斯特菌的聚合酶链式反应(PCR)检测方法,了解市售食品中单核细胞增生李斯特菌的污染情况.方法 采集成都市市售生畜肉、生禽肉、熟肉制品、水产品、生食蔬菜以及其他熟食等食品样品共135份,采用李氏增菌肉汤(LB1,LB2)进行初增菌,应用选择性分离培养基PALCAM和在TSA-YE平板上进行分离,利用单增李斯特显色平板进行鉴定;根据李斯特菌的特异性基因iap基因设计引物,采用PCR方法检测所有分离的李斯特菌株;根据单增李斯特菌的特异性基因hly基因和prfA基因设计引物检测单核细胞增生李斯特菌株.结果 135份样品中共检出李斯特菌17株,检出率为12.6％;其中单核细胞增生李斯特菌4株,检出率为3.0％.结论 本研究建立的PCR方法具有特异性,本市市售食品不同程度受到李斯特菌的污染.