马铃薯薯泥添加量对马铃薯干米粉品质的影响

研究薯泥添加量对马铃薯干米粉品质的影响,为马铃薯干米粉加工提供参考依据。分别将0%、10%、20%、30%和40%的薯泥添加到米浆中,测定米粉蒸煮指标、色差和质构变化。结果表明:随着马铃薯泥添加量的增加,米粉的复水时间缩短,吐浆值增大;薯泥添加量为20%时,相比对照组亮度值L显著减小,色度值b显著增大。米粉的硬度值、弹性、咀嚼性、峰值负载和形变量随薯泥添加量增加先增大,但当薯泥添加量为20%时,相比对照组,米粉的硬度值、弹性和咀嚼性显著减小;薯泥添加量为30%时,相比对照组,米粉的峰值负载和峰值负载形变量亦显著减小,实际生产中薯泥添加量10%～20%获得的马铃薯干米粉品质较好。     

淀粉种类及性质对鲜湿面条品质的影响

将不同种类的淀粉添加到面粉中,对混合粉制成的鲜湿面条进行色泽、蒸煮品质和熟面条质构的测定,分析淀粉的种类、特性及添加量对面条品质的影响。结果表明:马铃薯淀粉使混合粉的峰值黏度明显增高,玉米淀粉能够有效改善面条的色泽,其次是马铃薯淀粉。随着淀粉添加量的增加,面条的干物质吸水率减小,干物质损失率先减小后增加,添加5%~10%的马铃薯和木薯淀粉的面条蒸煮品质较好;小麦和马铃薯淀粉面条的硬度和咀嚼性较高,木薯淀粉面条的黏聚性好,马铃薯淀粉和木薯淀粉的拉伸距离较大。马铃薯淀粉直链淀粉含量低,糊化性能好,可以有效改善面条的品质,但添加量不应超过10%。     

淀粉对高水分挤压组织化小麦蛋白产品特性的影响

研究小麦淀粉、马铃薯淀粉、玉米淀粉的添加量对高水分挤压组织化小麦蛋白产品特性的影响。以小麦蛋白为主要原料,采用高扭矩双螺杆挤压装备开发高水分组织化小麦蛋白,并分析了组织化蛋白色泽品质(L~*、a~*、b~*、ΔE)、质构特性(组织化度、硬度、黏着性、弹性、聚结性、咀嚼度)以及感官评价。结果表明:小麦淀粉、玉米淀粉的添加均可显著提高组织化蛋白产品的色泽品质,马铃薯淀粉的添加对组织化蛋白色泽品质影响不显著。淀粉的添加可显著提高组织化蛋白的组织化度。随着淀粉添加量的增加,组织化蛋白质构特性(硬度、弹性、聚结性、咀嚼度)均逐渐降低。添加适量小麦淀粉(5%)、玉米淀粉(5%)均可提高组织化蛋白感官品质,马铃薯淀粉的添加会降低感官品质。综合考虑组织化蛋白色泽品质、组织化度、质构特性和感官品质,添加小麦淀粉(5%)或玉米淀粉(5%)较合适,不仅达到了降低生产成本的目的,而且提高了组织化蛋白色泽品质、组织化度和感官品质。     

谷朊粉对不同淀粉糊化特性和质构特性的影响

研究了谷朊粉对马铃薯淀粉、红薯淀粉、玉米淀粉、绿豆淀粉、小麦淀粉、大米淀粉、大米粉的糊化特性、质构特性及回生性的影响。通过RVA数据分析表明,谷朊粉添加量为0%～25%时,淀粉的糊化温度没有显著变化,峰值黏度、低谷黏度、最终黏度、衰减值和回生值均随谷朊粉添加量的增加而升高。通过TPA分析,淀粉凝胶的弹性无显著变化,硬度均呈现下降,马铃薯淀粉、红薯淀粉、玉米淀粉、绿豆淀粉、大米淀粉、大米粉的硬度分别下降了50.45%、6.58%、5.71%、54.97%、78.26%、59.90%。添加了谷朊粉后,随着贮藏时间的延长,淀粉样品的硬度增加,回生性升高,其中绿豆淀粉、马铃薯淀粉、大米淀粉和大米粉的回生性显著升高。     

马铃薯淀粉对面团流变学特性及酥性饼干品质的影响

为研究马铃薯淀粉添加量对面团流变学特性及酥性饼干品质的影响,利用替代法将质量分数为0%、5%、10%、15%、20%的马铃薯淀粉添加到低筋蛋糕粉中。测定混合粉的吸油性、面团热机械学特性、面团动态流变学特性、饼干质构特性及感官评价等指标。结果表明,添加马铃薯淀粉后,混合粉吸油性呈现减小趋势。面团吸水率、稳定时间显著减小,面团峰值扭矩、糊化速率显著增大,糊化淀粉的耐热性变差,回生值增大。当马铃薯淀粉添加量超过10%后,面团稳定时间≤2. 0 min,符合酥性饼干用粉要求。添加马铃薯淀粉会使得面团黏弹性减小,面团变软,延展性增大。随着马铃薯淀粉添加量的增大,饼干硬度减小,脆性增大,感官评分先增大后减小,添加量为15%时,饼干酥松、品质最佳,且符合GB/T 20980—2007《饼干》标准中水分和碱度要求。     

三种天然淀粉对半干米粉品质的影响及米粉配料优化

本研究以预包装半干米粉为突破口，为解决方便螺蛳粉的瓶颈问题，提高半干米粉的品质。先研究小麦淀粉、玉米淀粉和马铃薯淀粉对半干米粉蒸煮性质和质构特性的影响，在此基础上以吐浆率为响应值，利用D-最优混料试验法优化半干米粉中淀粉与大米的配比。结果表明，单独添加小麦淀粉40%、玉米淀粉30%或马铃薯淀粉20%可以显著改善半干米粉的蒸煮性质和质构特性；通过D-最优混料试验法得到的较优配方是玉米淀粉11.93%、马铃薯淀粉19.62%、小麦淀粉13.46%、大米55%。研究可为优化半干米粉品质和方便螺蛳粉的研发提供理论参考。     

玉米淀粉对鲜湿米粉品质的影响

研究了玉米淀粉添加量对鲜湿米粉的蒸煮特性、质构特性和感官品质的影响。结果表明,添加玉米淀粉会增加鲜湿米粉的断条率和蒸煮损失,对风味无不良影响。添加3%～5%的玉米淀粉可以显著增加鲜湿米粉的吸水性(P0.05),白度值亦有上升,感官评定分值较高;添加15%～60%玉米淀粉虽然会增加鲜湿米粉的硬度等指标,但断条率及其它品质指标均有劣化的趋势。因此添加3%～5%的玉米淀粉较为适宜,与纯籼米米粉品质最为接近。     

马铃薯全粉-碎米混合粉的糊化特性及其挤压重组米品质

将马铃薯全粉与碎米按不同比例混合,测定混合粉的糊化特性及其挤压重组米的感官品质、质构特性和蒸煮损失率,探讨马铃薯全粉添加量对混合粉糊化特性及其挤压重组米品质的影响。结果表明:随着马铃薯全粉添加量的增加,马铃薯全粉-碎米混合粉的峰值黏度、谷值黏度、最终黏度、衰减值和回生值均逐渐减小;马铃薯挤压重组米的感官评分先增大后减小,在添加量为40%~50%时较高;质构特性中硬度显著(p<0.05)减小,弹性、黏聚性、咀嚼性先增大后减小,在添加量为50%时最大;蒸煮损失率显著(p<0.05)增大。结合感官品质、质构特性、蒸煮损失率结果,马铃薯全粉添加量≤50%时,加工出的马铃薯挤压重组米品质较好。马铃薯全粉的添加量、马铃薯全粉-碎米混合粉糊化特性与马铃薯挤压重组米品质特性存在显著(p<0.05)相关性。     

高淀粉含量对鱼肉重组制品弹性和白度的影响

为研究小麦淀粉、玉米淀粉和马铃薯淀粉对鱼肉重组制品弹性和白度的影响.以小麦淀粉、玉米淀粉和马铃薯淀粉的添加量为因素.弹性为考察指标做单因素和正交试验,得出试验工艺条件为小麦淀粉20%、玉米淀粉16%、马铃薯淀粉18%.与传统的15%淀粉添加量进行对照试验.结果表明,以上淀粉添加量的鱼肉重组制品在白度和弹性上都比传统的鱼肉重组制品高.     

马铃薯淀粉对玉米醇溶蛋白凝胶特性的影响

以马铃薯淀粉和玉米醇溶蛋白为原料制备凝胶,测定复合凝胶持水、白度、溶胀、质构和结构特性等指标,探究不同马铃薯淀粉添加量(质量分数6%、9%、12%、15%、18%)和冻融处理对玉米醇溶蛋白凝胶特性的影响。结果表明,随着马铃薯淀粉添加量的增加,复合凝胶的硬度、咀嚼性和弹性均显著增加(P<0.05),内聚性先减小后增加,冻融处理后的凝胶质构特性均得到提高;持水性呈增加的趋势,但冻融处理后的复合凝胶持水性均出现不同程度的下降;白度值显著上升(P<0.05);溶胀特性呈下降趋势;化学作用力中以氢键和疏水相互作用为主,二硫键和离子键相对较弱。因此,马铃薯淀粉的添加可以改善玉米醇溶蛋白的凝胶特性,为玉米醇溶蛋白凝胶的进一步开发应用提供一定理论依据。     

天然马铃薯、木薯和玉米淀粉添加对发酵挂面品质的影响

为解决市售发酵挂面存在爽滑性差、粘弹性差、蒸煮时间长的问题,本文以单因素实验的方法,研究了马铃薯淀粉、木薯淀粉和玉米淀粉对发酵挂面蒸煮特性、质构特性以及感官评价的影响.结果表明:添加天然薯类和谷物淀粉均可以改善发酵挂面的蒸煮及质构品质,提高感官评价得分,尤其能够缩短最佳蒸煮时间,同时结合质构和感官实验数据分析,添加10...     

粒度对马铃薯泥面条品质的影响

本研究通过磨浆时间和磨浆强度控制马铃薯泥的粒度,探讨粒度对马铃薯面条的外观色泽、蒸煮品质、质构品质的影响,为马铃薯泥面条的生产提供数据支持。结果表明:随着磨浆强度的增加,时间的延长,马铃薯泥的粒度逐渐变小;马铃薯泥具有明显的双峰粒度分布,大颗粒所占比例比小颗粒所占比例高;马铃薯泥在扫描电镜下,呈片状结构,片与片镶嵌在一起,随着马铃薯粒度的降低,片的厚度不断变薄,片的尺寸也不断变小;随着粒度的降低,马铃薯面条的L*值降低,a*值和b*值升高,面条A的L*、a*、b*值与面条B、C、D、小麦粉面条的对应L*、a*、b*值具有显著性差异(p<0.05),而面条B、C、D的L*值之间没有显著性差异(p>0.05)。随着粒度的降低,马铃薯面条的烹调损失率均呈上升趋势,从9.38%增加至10.16%;马铃薯面条的断裂距离显著高于小麦粉面条(p<0.05),不同粒度的马铃薯面条断裂距离没有显著性差异(p>0.05);马铃薯面条煮后黏度随着粒度的减小而减小;总体来说,马铃薯泥的粒度对其面条的品质显著的影响,粒度中位径d(0.5)为130 μm的马铃薯面条品质好。     

Studies on noodle quality of potato and rice starches and their blends in relation to their physicochemical, pasting and gel textural properties

The physicochemical, pasting, and gel textural properties of potato and rice starches and their blends were studied in relation to their noodle making performance. Amylose content, swelling power and solubility values of potato starch were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher than for rice starch. Pasting properties showed higher peak, final and setback viscosity for potato starch as compared to rice starch. Texture profile analysis revealed that potato starch gel had higher hardness, cohesiveness and chewiness as compared to rice starch gel. Potato starch noodles showed higher cooked weight and cooking loss and were scored higher by sensory panellists especially with respect to transparency and slipperiness. On the other hand, rice starch noodles were more firm with lower cooking loss. Addition of potato starch to rice starch significantly (P ≤ 0.05) affected the noodle characteristics. Among the starch blends studied, blending of potato and rice starch in the ratio of 1:1 resulted in good quality noodles in terms of their lower cooking time, higher cooked weight, transparency and slipperiness. The results revealed the possibility of blending of potato starch with rice starch in equal proportions to produce noodles of acceptable quality.     

淀粉种类对鲜湿面色泽及品质影响的研究

将小麦淀粉、马铃薯淀粉、红薯淀粉、豌豆淀粉及玉米淀粉添加到面粉中制作面条,从鲜湿面色泽、质构及感官三方面,研究淀粉种类对面条的影响规律。结果表明：不同淀粉均能改善鲜湿面的色泽,玉米淀粉效果最佳;质构影响方面,除红薯淀粉外,其他淀粉的添加使得面条的硬度下降,黏附性、回复性、粘聚性升高,坚实度和拉断力随添加量的增加呈先升后降的趋势;感官评价方面,玉米淀粉、小麦淀粉、马铃薯淀粉显著增大了面条的色泽得分,豌豆淀粉和红薯淀粉显著影响了韧性和粘性得分。     

Utilization of rice starch with gums in Asian starch noodle preparation as substitute for sweet potato starch

Starch noodles were produced using a medium grain rice starch in the presence of various gums, and physical properties of the noodles were compared with sweet potato starch noodle. Pasting viscosity of the rice starch was lower than that of sweet potato starch (830 vs. 1,618 cp as peak viscosity). The peak viscosity, however, was increased by the addition of gums (0.1% based on dispersion), and especially xanthan was the most effective in increasing the peak viscosity (1,478 cp). The cooking loss for the rice starch noodles (1.5 mg/mL), greater than that for the sweet potato starch noodle (0.2 mg/mL), was effectively reduced to 0.8 and 0.9 mg/mL, respectively, by the addition of locust bean gum (LBG) and curdlan. The addition of LBG or gellen gum also increased the hardness of the rice noodles. Aging (extended retrogradation) the noodles was effective in reducing the cooking loss and improving the textural properties of the rice starch noodles. The combination of the gum addition (like LBG) and aging of the rice starch noodle might be useful for utilizing rice starch as a substitute for sweet potato starch in Asian noodle preparation.     

Morphological,thermal, rheological and noodle‐making properties of potato and corn starch

A comparison between the morphological, thermal, rheological and noodle‐making properties of corn starch and potato starches separated from five different potato cultivars was made. The granule size and shape of all starches differed significantly. Potato starch granules were comparatively larger than corn starch granules, while the transition temperatures were found to be higher for corn starch. Consistency coefficients and flow behaviour indices measured by back extrusion were higher for potato starches than for corn starch. Stickiness of cooked starch pastes was observed to depend upon their consistency coefficient. The gels made from all potato starches showed higher gel strength than those from corn starch. The gel strength of starches from both corn and potato increased during refrigerated storage. The amylose content, swelling power, solubility and light transmittance values of potato starches were significantly higher than those of corn starch. Noodles made from potato starches had higher cooked weight and cooking loss than corn starch noodles. Texture profile analysis revealed that potato starch noodles also had higher hardness and cohesiveness than corn starch noodles. Hardness of cooked noodles from all starches increased and cohesiveness decreased during storage. Noodles made from starches of higher viscosity exhibited higher hardness and cohesiveness. Textural differences among cooked starch noodles appeared to be associated with morphological, thermal and rheological properties of corn starch and potato starches. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry     

不同蛋白对马铃薯面条食用品质的影响

本研究通过在马铃薯面条原料粉中添加一定比例小麦蛋白、花生蛋白、大豆蛋白制作面条,探讨了三种蛋白对马铃薯面条食用品质的影响。结果表明:三种蛋白均会降低马铃薯面条的亮度值,且随蛋白添加量的增加,马铃薯面条亮度值降低,但大豆蛋白对马铃薯面条亮度值的影响小于小麦蛋白和花生蛋白。同时,三种蛋白均可显著改善马铃薯面条的食用品质,降低其蒸煮损失,增强其拉伸阻力、硬度、粘合性和咀嚼性,且小麦蛋白对面条品质的改善作用最为显著,大豆蛋白次之。扫描电镜结果表明,添加小麦蛋白后马铃薯面条面筋网络形成更加致密,空隙率更小。电子鼻检测结果表明,小麦蛋白和花生蛋白对马铃薯面条的气味无显著影响,而大豆蛋白会使马铃薯面条中的氮氧化合物等豆类腥味物质增加。由此可见,三种蛋白中,小麦蛋白对马铃薯面条的食用品质改善效果最佳。     

三种天然植物淀粉辅料对米粉丝品质特性的影响

以天然绿豆淀粉、玉米淀粉及马铃薯淀粉3种天然植物淀粉为原料,探讨其作为辅料添加对米粉丝蒸煮品质和质构特性的影响。结果表明,添加适量的绿豆淀粉、玉米淀粉或马铃薯淀粉可显著提高米粉丝的烹煮品质及质构特性。绿豆淀粉添加量在0.5~1.5%时加工的米粉丝具有较高的烹煮品质,其添加量在1%时可以显著提高米粉丝的质构特性;玉米淀粉的添加量为6%时米粉丝的烹煮品质较佳,其添加量在4~6%时可显著提高米粉丝的质构特性;马铃薯淀粉的添加量为2%时,米粉丝具有最高的烹煮品质,其添加量在2~3%时可使米粉丝的质构特性显著提高。综合考虑,当绿豆淀粉、玉米淀粉或马铃薯淀粉的添加量分别达到1%、6%和2%时能够显著改善米粉丝的蒸煮和质构品质特性。     

豆腐柴叶烫漂液对马铃薯挂面品质的影响

将豆腐柴叶烫漂液添加于马铃薯挂面,以研究其对马铃薯挂面蒸煮、质构特性和抗氧化能力的影响。结果表明:与普通白挂面相比,以豆腐柴叶烫漂液作为胶凝剂的马铃薯挂面的硬度、咀嚼性、弹性和感官评分极显著增加(p<0.01)。体外模拟口腔、胃肠道消化和肠道吸收过程中,其总还原力、ABTS+自由基清除能力和总抗氧化能力FRAP值都显著升高(p<0.05)。粉质特性和糊化特性结果表明,豆腐柴烫漂液增加了马铃薯小麦粉混合粉吸水率、稳定时间、形成时间、峰值粘度、保持粘度、最终粘度、崩解值、回生值,降低弱化度。扫描电镜图片发现,马铃薯面团添加9%豆腐柴叶烫漂液后,裸露淀粉颗粒减少,面筋网格结构改善。豆腐柴叶能提升马铃薯用于挂面加工的理化和工艺特性,提升挂面品质。     

三种马铃薯复合变性淀粉对马铃薯面条的物性及品质的影响

将马铃薯全粉与面粉按不同比例配成混合粉以制作面条,并用马铃薯复合变性淀粉提升面条的品质;通过对不同比例混合粉糊化特性,面条断条率、烹调损耗、物性、烹调特性和感官评定的研究,得出制作面条的最优马铃薯全粉:面粉质量比和预糊化交联淀粉、氧化交联淀粉、酯化交联淀粉的添加量。结果表明,最优的质量比为20:80 (w/w);添加马铃薯复合变性淀粉对马铃薯面条的弹性、黏着性等都有显著影响(p<0.05);在烹调实验中,随着预糊化交联淀粉、氧化交联淀粉、酯化交联淀粉的增加,吸水率升高,当三者的添加量分别为5%、4%、5%时,浊度最低;感官评定实验中,当添加5%预糊化交联淀粉、4%氧化交联淀粉、6%酯化交联淀粉时,马铃薯面条的各指标评分之和最高,且分别为:31.2、33.1、34.6。从质构,烹调特性,感官特性等方面综合对比三种马铃薯复合变性淀粉对马铃薯面条的影响,得出6%酯化交联淀粉最适宜。