三种不同改性方法对甘薯渣不溶性膳食纤维改性效果的研究

该研究采用胶体磨湿法粉碎法、超声波辅助酸法、纤维素酶法3种方法处理甘薯渣不溶性膳食纤维(insoluble dietary fiber,IDF),比较改性前后IDF粒径分布、微观形态,并测定分析其理化性质。结果表明,与未改性甘薯渣IDF相比,3种改性方法改性之后,甘薯渣IDF的粒径、分散指数显著降低(P<0.01),持油力、持水力存在显著差异(P<0.01),吸附亚硝酸盐及胆固醇能力都有不同程度的提升。整体而言,这3种改性方法对甘薯渣IDF改性都有效果,并且胶体磨湿法粉碎法改性对甘薯渣IDF的持油力、持水力、吸附亚硝酸盐及胆固醇能力效果最好。甘薯渣改性的IDF可作为功能性成分应用于多种食品。     

红松松仁膜衣膳食纤维的功能性质

以红松松仁膜衣为原料,制备可溶性膳食纤维(Soluble dietary fiber,SDF)和不溶性膳食纤维(Insoluble dietary fiber,IDF),对IDF进行木聚糖酶改性,制备改性可溶性膳食纤维(Modified soluble dietary,MSDF)和改性不溶性膳食纤维(Modified insoluble dietary fiber,MIDF),测定葡萄糖、胆固醇、胆酸钠吸附能力及葡萄糖透析延迟指数。结果表明:MSDF的葡萄糖吸附能力较SDF显著提高,且MIDF的葡萄糖吸附能力较IDF极显著提高;模拟胃环境,改性后的膳食纤维的胆固醇吸附能力均有提高,且MSDF显著高于SDF;MIDF胆酸钠的吸附能力极显著高于IDF,可达60.73mg/g,是IDF的2.98倍;MIDF的葡萄糖透析延迟指数高于IDF,且120 min时趋于稳定,可达21.69%,较IDF显著提高了7.24%。因此,木聚糖酶可提高松仁膜衣膳食纤维的功能性质,且木聚糖酶改性是一种适合松仁膜衣膳食纤维改性的优良方法。     

提取方法对柚皮海绵层不溶性膳食纤维理化性质、功能及结构的影响

以柚皮海绵层为原料,采用酶碱法、复酶法、超声法和超声辅助复酶法提取柚皮海绵层中的不溶性膳食纤维(insoluble dietary fiber,IDF),比较4种提取方法对IDF理化以及功能性质的影响.理化指标显示,超声辅助复酶法提取的IDF的持油性和膨胀性均显著高于其他3种方法(P<0.05);酶碱法提取的IDF的持...     

化学改性对连翘不溶性膳食纤维理化性质、结构及乳化稳定性的影响

本试验以连翘为原料,运用双酶法提取连翘中的不溶性膳食纤维（Insoluble Dietary Fiber,IDF）,然后采用羧甲基化（Carboxymethylation,CM）、羟丙基化（Hydroxypropylation,HP）和交联（Cross-linking,CL）改性对提取出的连翘IDF进行化学改性,并对它们的理化性质、结构和乳化特性进行了分析。试验结果表明,改性处理使连翘IDF的持水力降低,持油力显著提高了21%～53%（P<0.05）,CM改性和HP改性使连翘IDF膨胀力提高了约73%。结构表征表明:三种改性处理使连翘IDF颗粒体积明显变小、结构更加疏松、热稳定性提高,且降低了其结晶度。改性对连翘IDF乳液在温度、pH、离子强度稳定性等方面有不同程度的提高,且具有良好的贮藏稳定性,其中经CL改性后的连翘IDF乳液整体稳定性最好。     

不溶性膳食纤维的提取、表征及改性研究进展

合理摄入膳食纤维对机体健康至关重要。为了开发兼顾营养、感官与健康的膳食纤维强化食品,不溶性膳食纤维的分离提取与改性研究广受关注。大量研究运用物理作用力、化学反应或酶解等手段,对样品组成、结构以及性质进行改造,以强化其在食品加工与营养健康方面功能特性。改性产物作为添加成分对于食品的加工过程、产品品质及健康功效方面具有积极影响,有利于各类膳食纤维强化产品的开发。本文对近年来国内外文献报道的不溶性膳食纤维的提取、改性及应用相关研究成果进行梳理总结,以期为调控膳食纤维功能特性、开发高品质健康功能食品提供参考。     

响应面法优化超声辅助提取韭菜根不溶性膳食纤维

以韭菜根为原料,用超声处理法辅助提取韭菜根不溶性膳食纤维(insoluble dietary fiber,IDF),探讨液料比、超声温度、超声功率强度和超声时间对IDF得率的影响;用Box-Behnken中心组合原理建立数学模型,通过响应面优化提取工艺参数;最后进行红外光谱分析、热重分析和扫描电镜观察。最佳提取工艺为:液料比25 mL/g,超声温度56℃,超声时间48 min、超声功率强度60%,在此条件下得率达32.92%,与理论值33.87%相比,相对误差2.80%;IDF持水力为11.90 g/g,膨胀性8.23 mL/g,持油力7.63 g/g;韭菜根IDF化学组成具有典型膳食纤维特性,热稳定性良好且具有典型网状结构。以上结果表明,韭菜根是优质膳食纤维的良好来源,通过响应面优化可有效提高IDF得率,该研究将为韭菜根IDF的提取、改良和推广应用提供数据支撑。     

Treatment with hydrogen peroxide improves the physicochemical properties of dietary fibres from Chinese yam peel

Yam is a common ‘medicine food homology’ vegetable in Asia, and its peel is often considered a food residue during processing or cooking. In this work, the effects of hydrogen peroxide modification on the dietary fibres (DFs) from Chinese yam peel (CYP) were investigated. The structural characteristics of soluble dietary fibre (SDF), insoluble dietary fibre (IDF), modified soluble dietary fibre (MSDF) and modified insoluble dietary fibre (MIDF) were analysed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, granularity analysis, scanning electron microscopy and GC-MS (monosaccharide composition). As results, after modification with hydrogen peroxide, the sizes of the DFs were reduced and MIDF exposed more cellulose. Experiments on the physicochemical and functional properties of DFs showed that MSDF and MIDF obtained a better water holding capacity, oil absorption capacity, swelling capacity and absorption abilities with altered structures, which is of great importance in food processing and development.     

复合酶法制取柠檬皮渣膳食纤维的研究

以柠檬皮渣为原料,使用酶解法制备柠檬膳食纤维。在不同酶制剂用量、酶解时间、酶解温度和pH值条件下制备柠檬膳食纤维,并测定可溶性膳食纤维(SDF)/不溶性膳食纤维(IDF)比值和理化指标。结果表明：柠檬皮渣在1%的酶用量,酶解时间12 min,酶解温度60 ℃,pH值为6的条件下处理时,得到的柠檬膳食纤维产品SDF/IDF为0.67,总黄酮含量为4.82 mg/100 g,VC含量为247 mg/100 g,白度L*为90.23,黏度为7.57 mPa·s,产品质量较优。 关键词：中图分类号：TS255.36 文章编号：0254-5071（20１6）04-0181-04 doi:     

超微型大豆皮水不溶性膳食纤维理化及吸附特性

为提高大豆皮中水不溶性膳食纤维的利用率,本研究采用气流粉碎得到不同粒度的超微型大豆皮水不溶 性膳食纤维,分别测定了超微型大豆皮水不溶性膳食纤维的体积平均粒径、比表面积、持水力、持油力、黏度曲 线、阳离子交换能力等理化性质,同时分析了处理后的水不溶性膳食纤维对油脂、胆固醇、胆酸盐、葡萄糖和重金 属的吸附能力。结果表明：体积平均粒径为16.24 μm的大豆皮水不溶性膳食纤维其持水力、持油力分别达到2.31、 5.27 g/g,比61.21 μm的提高了1.07、2.53 g/g;黏度和阳离子交换能力也有了显著性改变;超微粉碎改性大豆皮水 不溶性膳食纤维对油脂、胆固醇、胆酸盐、葡萄糖和重金属的吸附能力有明显增强,在体积平均粒径为28.27 μm和 40.17 μm时吸附能力较高。超微粉碎对大豆皮水不溶性膳食纤维的理化和吸附特性均有明显改良作用,这为大豆皮 的深加工提供了理论参考。     

藕渣不溶性膳食纤维提取工艺及其理化性质分析

利用莲藕加工的副产物藕渣为原料,在单因素实验的基础上采用响应面分析法优化藕渣不溶性膳食纤维(IDF)的提取工艺,并对其最优提取条件下得到的藕渣IDF的理化性质进行分析。结果表明,藕渣IDF最佳提取工艺条件:NaOH浓度0.60 mol/L、碱解时间90 min、热稳定α-淀粉酶酶解时间60 min、碱性蛋白酶添加量2%,此工艺条件下藕渣IDF得率29.90%±0.06%,藕渣IDF的纯度为91.93%±1.16%,持水性(6.58±0.25) g/g,持油性(4.73±0.33) g/g,膨胀性(3.03±0.12) mL/g;同时,藕渣IDF的亮度值(L*)为38.266±0.187,红度值(a*)为3.412±0.027,黄度值(b*)值为5.268±0.042。研究表明该法所制得的藕渣IDF得率、纯度较高,理化性质较好。     

豆渣膳食纤维的改性研究进展

膳食纤维具有调节胃肠道和预防慢性疾病等重要的生理功能,被誉为第七大营养素,但不同膳食纤维功能特性不同,因此,高活性膳食纤维的研发以及应用于食品加工和作为保健(功能)食品成为目前食品行业关注的热点。豆渣是大豆加工副产品,富含膳食纤维,但主要是不溶性膳食纤维(IDF),可溶性膳食纤维(SDF)含量极低,导致豆渣口感较差,在食品加工中的应用受限。本文综述了不同膳食纤维功能特性及比较了不同改性方法的工作原理和对豆渣膳食纤维中SDF的影响,为不同来源IDF的改性及豆渣膳食纤维的加工利用提供支持。     

Chemical profile, functional and antioxidant properties of tomato peel fiber

Tomato processing residue is defined as a secondary raw material that can increase its value, being considered a potential source of dietary fiber and bioactive compounds. Commercial tomato peel fiber has been analyzed to ascertain the proximate and nutritional composition (moisture, fat, protein, dietary fiber, ash, and minerals), the fractions (insoluble, IDF, and soluble, and SDF) and sugar composition of dietary fiber, functional properties (water retention capacity, WRC, swelling capacity, SWC, fat absorption capacity, FAC, glucose diffusion retardation index, GDRI, and osmotic pressure), total antioxidant activity (AA), and the content of antioxidant bioactive compounds (phenolic compounds and lycopene). To extract phenolic compounds and dietary fiber, three methods were assayed in this study: enzyme hydrolysis, maceration, and ultrasonic assistance. The content of TDF was 84.16%, and the major fraction was the IDF (71.82%), formed mainly by hemicelluloses. Tomato peel fiber retained 6.76 g of water/g as WRC, and it was significantly correlated with the IDF content. In addition, the content of IDF determined the low FAC and SWC and the GDRI at 60 min (39.22%). The main phenolic compound was rutin, followed by naringenin, rutin derivatives, and chlorogenic acid derivatives. These were better extracted using ultrasonic assistance, whereas lycopene showed mean values between 3 and 4 mg/100 g. The AA of tomato peel fiber was low, since the phenolic compounds are mainly bound to the cell wall of plant, showing a low capacity for scavenging radicals. Due to its chemical profile and functional properties, tomato peel fiber can be used as a food supplement, improving the different physical, chemical, and nutritional properties of foods. However the color and flavor of this product must be considered in its applications to avoid a negative effect on the sensory characteristic of the foods to which it is added.     

滇橄榄果渣膳食纤维的提取及其体外吸附性能研究

本文以滇橄榄果渣为原料,优化其膳食纤维的碱法提取工艺,同时探讨了滇橄榄果渣、总膳食纤维（total dietary fiber,TDF）、水不溶性膳食纤维（insoluble dietary fiber,IDF）及水溶性膳食纤维（soluble dietary fiber,SDF）的理化性质及其体外吸附能力。结果表明:碱法提取滇橄榄果渣膳食纤维的最优工艺为:NaOH浓度为8 g/L,料液比为1:35（g:mL）,70 ℃处理40 min,IDF和SDF的得率分别为61.72%±0.04%、17.57%±0.03%。滇橄榄果渣及其膳食纤维均具有较好的水化特性和持油力,TDF的持水力最低但膨胀力最高,与滇橄榄果渣、SDF和IDF存在显著性差异（P<0.05）;SDF的持油力、膨胀力和对脂肪的吸附能力均较低,但在模拟胃环境（pH2）的条件下对胆固醇和NO₂?的吸附能力均高于滇橄榄果渣、TDF和IDF,且存在显著性差异（P<0.05）。滇橄榄果渣及其膳食纤维对胆固醇和NO₂?的吸附与pH有关,TDF和SDF在模拟胃环境的条件下对胆固醇的吸附能力强于模拟小肠环境,滇橄榄果渣和IDF则相反;四个样品在模拟胃环境的条件下对NO₂?的吸附能力均强于模拟小肠环境。本文对滇橄榄果渣膳食纤维的提取及性能研究,可为其在保健食品中的应用提供一定的理论参考。     

Effect of modified dietary fiber extracted from wholegrain wheat on the physicochemical and cake properties

Dietary fiber (DF) extracted from whole wheat was chemically modified by cross-linking (CL), carboxymethylation (CM), and hydroxypropylation (HP) and their physicochemical properties and baking performance were evaluated. CM contributed to the increase in soluble DF (SDF) contents and water solubility. While CL and HP contributed to the decrease in water solubility as insoluble DF (IDF) contents increased. In comparison to the chemically modified DF, CLDF deteriorated textural and physical properties of cakes. On the other hand, the cakes with CMDF and HPDF had improved cake qualities such as appearance, higher volume and lower hardness compared to cake with native DF. Consequently, this study suggested that the chemical modifications of wheat DF can effectively regulate the IDF/SDF ratio and total dietary fiber (TDF) contents, resulting in the change of physicochemical properties of them. When applied to cake, modified wheat DF diversified the physicochemical properties and quality by a functional group.     

动态高压微射流对刺梨果渣膳食纤维及其抑制淀粉消化和葡萄糖扩散的影响

本实验以刺梨果渣为原料,采用酶法制备可溶性膳食纤维（soluble dietary fiber,SDF）、不可溶性膳食纤维（insoluble dietary fiber,IDF）和全膳食纤维（total dietary fiber,TDF）,并采用动态高压微射流（dynamic high pressure microfluidization,DHPM）对刺梨果渣SDF进行改性处理,初步探索了刺梨果渣膳食纤维及DHPM处理SDF（DHPM-SDF）的理化特性及其对淀粉酶活力和葡萄糖扩散的影响。结果表明,IDF和SDF都能通过吸附葡萄糖、抑制葡萄糖扩散以及改变胰淀粉酶二级结构来减缓葡萄糖的流动进程和淀粉消化速率,其中,IDF对葡萄糖的吸附能力和抑制葡萄糖扩散能力分别是SDF的1.28 倍和1.99 倍,而SDF的胰淀粉酶活力抑制率是IDF的1.73 倍,并且,SDF对胰淀粉酶活力的抑制作用主要通过改变胰淀粉酶的α-螺旋和无规卷曲结构。TDF表现出与IDF相似的葡萄糖吸附能力和抑制淀粉酶活力的能力。与SDF相比,DHPM-SDF平均粒径增加了2.08 倍,使得其葡萄糖吸附能力和抑制葡萄糖扩散能力分别提高了28.13%和62.09%,并且DHPM-SDF能显著减少胰淀粉酶的α-螺旋和无规卷曲结构相对含量（P＜0.05）,其对淀粉酶活力的抑制能力是SDF的1.44 倍。因此,刺梨果渣膳食纤维,尤其是SDF可作为降血糖产品开发的潜在优良资源,并且DHPM是提高刺梨果渣可溶性膳食纤维降血糖活性的有效改性处理手段。     

酶解法改善胡萝卜皮渣不溶性膳食纤维持水力的研究

为研究酶对胡萝卜皮渣不溶性膳食纤维(IDF)改性的工艺条件,以持水力为特征性考察指标,通过单因素试验及正交试验优化其改性工艺条件。结果表明,木聚糖酶对提高IDF持水力效果最明显;不溶性胡萝卜皮渣膳食纤维改性的最佳工艺条件为:酶解温度65℃,酶解pH 7,酶添加量0.9%,酶解时间60 min,此条件下IDF持水力增长率可达135.2%。     

无籽刺梨渣膳食纤维的羧甲基化改性及性质

为探究羧甲基化改性对无籽刺梨渣膳食纤维性质的影响,本文采用羧甲基化法改性无籽刺梨渣可溶性膳食纤维（Rosa sterilis Soluble Dietary Fiber,RSDF）和不溶性膳食纤维（Rosa sterilis Insoluble Dietary Fiber,RIDF）,对比分析了无籽刺梨渣膳食纤维改性前后以及羧甲基化总膳食纤维（Carboxymethylated Total Dietary Fiber,CTDF）不同混合比例的理化和功能性质。结果表明:改性后,羧甲基化可溶性膳食纤维（Carboxymethylation Soluble Dietary Fiber,CSDF）、羧甲基化不溶性膳食纤维（Carboxymethylation Insoluble Dietary Fiber,CIDF）膨胀力、持水力、持油力、吸湿性、阳离子交换力、亚硝酸盐吸附力和葡萄糖吸附力均显著增大（P<0.05）,CSDF/CIDF混合比例1:3时取代度为0.53±0.02,综合理化、功能性质为最优混合比例。红外光谱分析可知CSDF、CIDF羧甲基化修饰成功;电镜扫描分析可知两种膳食纤维结构疏松、存在大量褶皱和片状物质,CSDF/CIDF混合比例1:3时孔洞和片状结构更多;差示扫描热分析可知改性后,CSDF、CIDF贮藏稳定性均提高,CSDF/CIDF混合比例1:3热熔解温度最高为145 ℃。综上,羧甲基改性后,无籽刺梨膳食纤维性能均优于改性前且综合各项性能后,CSDF/CIDF混合比例1:3为最佳混合比。     

不同离子液体处理对豆渣膳食纤维成分变化及物化特性的影响

为明析离子液体对豆渣膳食纤维成分及物化特性的影响,从而拓宽豆渣在食品中的应用,以富含水不溶性膳食纤维(IDF)的鲜豆渣为原料,研究不同种类离子液体处理后膳食纤维成分变化和物化特性。结果表明:离子液体处理可以显著提高豆渣中水溶性膳食纤维(SDF)含量,其提高效果随着离子液体阳离子基团的延长而减弱,含乙酸根的离子液体的提高效果优于含氯离子的离子液体。1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑乙酸盐的效果最好,可将豆渣中SDF含量从最初5.97×10-2 g/g提高到0.17 g/g,SDF/IDF比值从0.17提高到0.69。离子液体处理改变了豆渣中SDF和IDF的单糖组成,豆渣的微观结构因溶胀而变形,结晶结构遭到破坏。离子液体处理后,豆渣膳食纤维的持水力增加10%,持油力增加16%。离子液体可作为提高豆渣中SDF含量,改善豆渣膳食纤维水合性质的有效途径。     

水不溶性豆渣膳食纤维改性的工艺优化

为研究磷酸盐改性水不溶性豆渣膳食纤维的工艺条件及膳食纤维结构,以持水性作为特征性考察指标,通过单因素试验、正交试验优化其改性的工艺条件,通过X 射线衍射及电镜观察膳食纤维的结构。结果表明：水不溶性豆渣膳食纤维改性的最佳工艺参数为磷酸氢二钠溶液质量浓度0.1g/100mL、料液比1:60(g/mL)、处理时间1h、处理温度50℃,此条件下的膳食纤维持水性达11.95g/g;磷酸盐改性水不溶性豆渣膳食纤维的结构得到部分改善,表面略有褶皱,结构疏松,带有明显的片状结构,颗粒的表面出现蜂窝状结构,且分布均匀,改性后的水不溶性豆渣膳食纤维在34.76°出现较明显的衍射强度峰,其结晶度为30.57%。     

Modification of dietary fibers from purple-fleshed potatoes (Heimeiren) with high hydrostatic pressure and high pressure homogenization processing: A comparative study

In this study, we evaluated the effects of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) and high pressure homogenization (HPH) treatments on the physicochemical, functional, and structural properties of dietary fibers (DFs) obtained from purple-fleshed potatoes. DFs subjected to HHP and HPH exhibited increased content of soluble dietary fiber. HHP and HPH treatments did not improve water holding capacity, but increased oil holding and swelling capacities, and emulsion activity and stability. DFs treated with HPH showed the increased antioxidant activities (DPPH 0.89, ABTS 2.65, FRAP 3.39 mg Trolox/g DF), content of total phenol, and α-glucosidase inhibition (98.3%). HHP and HPH treatments changed monosaccharide compositions and structural characteristics of DFs. Therefore, DFs from purple-fleshed potatoes could be used as a fiber-rich ingredient in functional foods, and HPH was more useful in the modification of dietary fiber than HHP at the same treatment conditions.Industrial relevance: This article deals with the modification of dietary fibers from purple-fleshed potatoes (Heimeiren) with HHP and HPH treatments. Results suggest that HPH treated dietary fiber showed a higher ratio of soluble fraction, increased physicochemical and functional properties than HHP at 200 MPa. There outcomes could help the food industry identify the optimal high pressure processing type to improve physicochemical and functional properties of dietary fiber.