D,L-丙交酯的合成条件优化研究

制备了SO42-/Al2O3/La3 固体超强酸和辛酸亚锡复配作为丙交酯合成的催化剂.经多种催化剂的催化效率比较,进行多组实验发现该催化剂在较高反应压力下高产丙交酯的合成条件.结果表明,催化剂、反应温度、脱水时间等对丙交酯的产率有显著影响.     

聚乳酸单体-丙交酯的合成

以D,L-乳酸为单体,无水氧化锌(ZnO)为催化剂,低真空条件下乳酸先缩聚后解聚制备了D,L-丙交酯.考察了脱水温度、脱水率、催化剂用量、解聚温度对丙交酯产率的影响.改进丙交酯的提纯方法,提高了丙交酯的重结晶收率.毛细管熔点法测定了产物的熔点,并用红外光谱、差示扫描量熟法、X-射线衍射分析对产物进行了分析表征.结果表明,所得产物为高纯的环状丙交酯.     

L-丙交酯和D,L-丙交酯混合制备PLA工艺探讨

以辛酸亚锡为催化剂,采用开环聚合法,对L-丙交酯和D,L-丙交酯混合制备PLA工艺进行探讨,分别考察了D,L-丙交酯含量、催化剂用量、聚合时间、聚合温度和体系真空度对PLA粘均分子量的影响。经过GPC测试,所得PLA的质均分子量达到1.15×105,并采用红外光谱仪和差热-热重分析仪对PLA进行了结构和热性能表征。     

丙交酯合成条件的研究

丙交酯作为合成聚乳酸的重要中间体,它的制备是影响开环聚合高分子量PLA的关键因素。反应时间和反应温度是制备丙交酯的两个重要的工艺参数,直接影响丙交酯的产率。本文着重就反应时间对丙交酯产率的影响进行了初步研究,并提出了一种制备丙交酯的优化工艺。     

丙交酯制备工艺的研究现状

丙交酯是以乳酸为原料制备高分子量聚乳酸的中间体,因此丙交酯的收率是影响聚乳酸大规模生产及其生产成本的关键因素.对乳酸及丙交酯的结构特点、乳酸合成丙交酯的工艺及影响丙交酯产率的主要因素进行了论述,进而提出了提高丙交酯产率应采取的相应措施.     

氧化锌-辛酸亚锡催化合成丙交酯

采用氧化锌和辛酸亚锡为催化剂,在高真空条件下共同催化合成丙交酯.比较了两种催化剂加入方式的不同对丙交酯产率的影响,发现当脱完自由水后同时加入氧化锌(ω=1%)和2 mL辛酸亚锡,丙交酯的粗产率可以达到90%以上.     

乳酸钠催化合成丙交酯的研究

以乳酸钠为催化剂,研究了乳酸合成丙交酯过程中温度、压力、催化剂用量、脱水时间等因素对丙交酯产率的影响.用熔点测定仪和红外光谱仪对丙交酯进行了表征.对乳酸低聚物的形成和裂解作了分析.结果表明,乳酸钠具有良好催化效果,丙交酯初产率达81%,最佳反应条件分别是:催化剂用量1.5%,脱水阶段温度130℃、真空度-0.030MPa,脱水时间3h,裂解阶段应在230℃和-0.095MPa下反应3h.     

PLA单体--丙交酯合成方法的研究进展

只有高分子量聚乳酸才能满足组织工程对其强度及其它性能的要求，而丙交酯是制备高分子量聚乳酸的重要原料，其纯度和成本的高低决定了高分子量聚乳酸的质量和价格，20世纪70年代以来，在提高丙交酯的产率，纯度，降低丙交酯的成本方面做了大量的工作，并取得一定的进展，文中综述了制备丙交酯的各种方法和工艺，并讨论了各自的优缺点，提出了制备丙交酯和高分子量聚乳酸的可能发展方向。     

聚乳酸／纳米二氧化硅复合材料分子量的影响因素

以丙交酯和改性后的纳米二氧化硅为原料,在催化剂作用下,用原位聚合法制备了聚乳酸纳米二氧化硅复合材料。讨论了催化剂的种类和用量、反应时间、反应温度、纳米二氧化硅的用量等因素对复合材料分子量的影响。结果表明,最优的反应条件为:采用辛酸亚锡为催化剂,催化剂用量和二氧化硅用量分别为丙交酯用量的0.25%(质量分数,下同)和5%,在140℃油浴中,氮气保护下反应72 h,可得到重均分子量为1.5091×105的聚乳酸纳米二氧化硅复合材料。     

乙基纤维素接枝L-丙交酯共聚物的制备、表征及其热性能

在辛酸亚锡催化下,成功制备了乙基纤维素与聚L-乳酸接枝共聚物。产物经GPC、FTIR、1HNMR、13CNMR表征,证实L-丙交酯在乙基纤维素残存的羟基上发生开环聚合,接枝到乙基纤维素骨架上。研究了丙交酯纯度、投料比、催化剂用量、反应时间、反应温度对接枝率的影响,并利用DSC和TG研究了接枝物的热性能。     

Effect of Permeable Crystalline Material on Steel Reinforcement Corrosion of Concrete

Permeable crystalline materialcan permeate into pores and cracks of concrete and catalyze the reaction between Ca(OH) 2and unhydrated cement to generate a great quantity needle non-soluble crystals, which can stop up the pores and cracks of concrete, and increase the impermeability of concrete. This paper reported the results of a study conducted to evaluate steel reinforcement corrosion of concrete specimens uncoated and coated with permeable crystalline material as well as mixed with the permeable crystalline material. The properties evaluated for corrosion test were water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength and potential. The results of water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength clearly showed that the permeable crystalline material could prohibit water, any soluble salts and moisture from penetrating the concrete to cause corrosion, leaking, and other problems, and it did increase the compressive strength, which was favorable for protection of corrosion of reinforcing steel. Moreover, it was concluded from the potential-time curve that the steel reinforcement of uncoated specimen was in the state of activation whereas that of other specimens coated and mixed with the permeable crystalline material was in the state of inactivation. Above all, it was indicated that the permeable crystalline materialis very effective to protect the steel reinforcement of concrete from corrosion.     

The Research and Application About "Dry Peeling Off" Technology for Airplane Surface Paint Layer

In this paper, the principle of spurting take off lacquer were introduced; and with orthogonal method the unsaturate polyester was prepared ;it was easy to peel airplane paint layer off with this material and equipment.     

Quality Study of Honeycomb Core Shaping Without Wax Stabilization

Sandwich panels utilizing honeycomb cores result in lightweight, high-strength units that are very rigid. Indeed, they give honeycomb panels the best strength-to-weight ratio of any construction type available. Conventionally, the wax is poured into the cell of the core to strengthen the structure and prevent the core from being crushed during milling. Much time and labor is required to wax, mill, and clean the cores. In this study, the process of pouring wax into the core was skipped. In other words, the cutter directly milled the core. Experiments showed that the compressive strength of the core produced without wax stabilization was only 3% lower than that of cores produced using the traditional method. In addition, the drum peel strengths of cores produced without wax stabilization were 38.4% higher than cores produced using the traditional method, in which residual wax seriously polluted the adhesive. It was also found that eliminating the wax process can reduce costs.     

In-process thermal treatment of polylactic acid in fused deposition modelling

Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most widely used open source fused filament fabrication materials due to its ease of extrusion, biodegradability, and mechanical strength. The mechanical strength of PLA largely depends on the proper growth of its semi-crystalline structure, which can be severely impaired by a low rate of crystallization, particularly in open source printers. This can be further aggravated by the non-uniform thermal distribution of heat that causes improper curing among the extruded beads of the printing material. As a result, PLA printed on open source printers does not achieve the best mechanical properties. This research, for the first time, proposes an additive-free solution implemented through a detailed set of experimentation to improve the curing rate through in-process temperature variations to cure the joints among the beads. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is used to confirm the improvements in the bead joints. This work is conducted in two phases of experiments. In the first phase, a full factorial ANOVA is used to investigate various process parameters and the important variables are used in the second phase to print test specimens in four different sets.     

Investigation of the Corrosion Behaviors of HVOF-Sprayed Carbide Cernet Coatings in Molten Al-Zn-Si Alloy Bath

In continuous hot-dip galvanization process the corrosion and chemical stability of the sink roll in the galvanizing bath are important problem which effects on the quality and productivity. In order to protect the sink roll the carbide cermet and/or ceramic coatings were deposited on the surface of the sink roll. The WC-, Cr3 C2-cermet coatings were deposited by high velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) spray, respectively. The coating samples were immersed in molten Zn-alloy containing 50 wt % aluminum at 833 K for 24 hr and 144 hr, respectively. The inter-diffusion and inter-reaction of Zn, Al and elements in coating and corrosion behaviors of these coatings were investigated by XRD, SEM and EPMA etc. The corrosion mechanisms of the carbide cermet coatings and ceramic coatings in molten High Al-Zn-alloy were approached.     

Fundamental study of adhesion of ice to cooling solid surface (Discussion on influence of copper oxide layer on ice adhesion force)

In many situations, ice often adheres to a cooling solid surface, frequently causing serious accidents. It is critical to clarify the mechanism of ice adhesion to the cooling surface in order to prevent ice adhesion. In a past study, the shearing stresses of two kinds of test plates with a copper surface having the higher thermal conductivity were measured. The shearing stress corresponds to ice adhesion force. Both shearing stresses were significantly different; however, the cause remains unclear.Therefore, the present study focuses on an oxide layer as the main factor causing the difference of both shearing stresses; the influence of the oxide layer formed on shearing stress was discussed. And in the removal and reformation processes of the oxide layer, the time variation of the shearing stress was clarified. Moreover, the relationship between the state of the copper surface and the shearing stress was also clarified by surface analysis.     

＂Three Transformations＂ and Standardization

During his inspection in Henan Province in May, Chinese President Xi Jinping stressed to ＂push forward the transformation from China Speed to China Quality, from Made in China to Created in China, and from Chinese Products to Chinese Brand＂. The ＂Three Transformations＂ are the specific requirements and goal of China＇s national development in the context that market should play a decisive role in the allocation of resources.     

重塑标准推行格局 推动LED照明的普及（英文）

正When you are enjoying the green,energy-saving and healthy lighting of IKEA LED luminaire,you may not realize that most of IKEA’s LED bulbs are produced by the LED luminaire smart manufacturing system of Hangzhou Zhongwei Photoelectricity CO.,LTD(ZVISION).No longer enclosed in the laboratory,the product standards are brought into the factory workshop and even to the entire production process.Thus,the standards are promoted and applied in a favorable way by enterprises,benefitting consumers with high quality products.     

Chinese Experts Contribute to ISO＇s New Toy Standards

正The international standard,ISO 8124-6,Safety of toys–Part 6:Certain phthalate esters in toys and children’s products,was officially issued by ISO worldwide on August 15.It was the first time for Chinese experts to lead the ISO standard development in toys industry.The standard was drafted by a group of Chinese experts from SAC/TC for toys and relevant Chinese departments and finally completed by a dedicated international group of experts.ISO 8124-6 makes a substantive breakthrough in the aspects of the scope of toys,limitation of plasticizer types,control of test cost,accuracy of test,operation convenience,etc.,offering the operational guidance for toy manufactures and testing laboratories.     

SAC Delegation Visits AENOR and Signs Cooperation Agreements

正SAC Administrator Tian Shihong led the Chinese delegation to visit the Spanish Association for Standardization and Certification(AENOR)on September 15,2014.Mrs.Begona Cristeto,the Vice-Minister of Industry,Energy and Tourism of Spain,and Mr.Avelino Brito,the President and CEO of AENOR greeted the delegation.The two sides had a deep and friendly discussion on strengthening the cooperation between China and Spain in the standardization field and promoting the standardization work to support the development of economy and trade in the two countries.