CdS-K2La2Ti3-xAgxO10复合物及其光催化制氢的性能

采用硬脂酸法合成Ag掺杂的K2La2Ti3-xAgxO10复合催化剂,并通过微波辅助法进行酸交换、胺柱撑、离子交换以及硫化等步骤制备了CdS插层的K2La2Ti3-xAgxO10。利用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线能谱仪(EDX)、紫外-可见漫反射吸收光谱(UV-Vis)和光致发光光谱(PL)等技术对催化剂进行表征,考察了催化剂的光催化制氢活性。结果表明,Ag离子掺杂和CdS插层的协同作用拓展了催化剂的可见光吸收范围,提高了光催化活性,催化剂在可见光照射3h的产氢量为3.27mmol/(g.cat)。     

PbS插层K4Nb6O17复合物的制备及其光催化制氢活性

采用固相法合成层状半导体K4Nb6O17,通过层间离子交换反应、胺插入反应以及硫化反应制备了纳米PbS插层的K4Nb6O17复合光催化剂(记作K4Nb6O17/PbS).利用X射线衍射(XRD),场发射扫描电镜(SEM),X射线荧光光谱仪(XRF),紫外可见漫反射(UV-Vis)和分子荧光光谱(PL)等技术对其进行表征.考察了催化剂在Na2SO3和Na2S为牺牲剂的光催化制氢活性.结果表明,PbS的插层拓展了K4Nb6O17对可见光的响应,催化制氢活性也有明显提高.在紫外光和可见光下3 h产氢量分别达到123.94和0.66 mmol/(g cat).最后讨论了插层复合催化剂光生电荷转移的机理.     

可见光响应型HCa2TaNb2O10/(Pb1-xZnxS)的微波法制备及其光催化性能研究

通过微波辅助法和传统制备方法分别合成了可见光响应的光催化剂HCa2TaNb2O10/(Pb1-x ZnxS)。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、紫外-可见光漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)等方法对样品进行了表征,考察了样品在300W氙灯下的光催化制氢活性。研究结果表明微波辅助法所制备的样品产氢量为384μmol/(g·h),高于传统方法制备的样品,而且微波辅助法制备复合催化剂大大简化了制备步骤,缩短了时间。     

Ag掺杂的K_2La_2Ti_3O_(10)可见光催化制氢的研究

采用高温固相法合成了具有可见光响应的Ag掺杂的K2La2Ti3O10催化剂,利用XRD、UV-VisDRS、TEM和XPS对催化剂进行了表征。考察了催化剂的可见光催化分解甲醇水溶液制氢的活性,并对可见光催化机理进行了分析。研究表明,Ag的掺杂没有改变K2La2Ti3O10的微晶结构,并使催化剂粒径有所减小。紫外-可见漫反射分析表明禁带宽度为2.8eV左右,对可见光具有较高吸收。担载2%(质量分数)Pt后,在可见光下光催化活性较K2La2Ti3O10大大提高,掺杂1%(摩尔分数)Ag的K2La2Ti3O10的产氢量为0.37mmol,而纯K2La2Ti3O10的产氢量只有0.037mmol;掺杂1%(摩尔分数)Ag的K2La2Ti3O10的产氢速率最大0.08mmol/h。     

S、RE共掺杂TiO2的制备及其可见光分解水制氢性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了系列稀土(La、Eu、Nd、Tb、Er)和硫共掺杂TiO2光催化剂RE/S/TiO2。通过紫外-可见(UV-Vis)漫反射、X射线衍射(XRD)对催化剂进行了表征。以EDTA为电子给体,考察了光催化剂在可见光照射下的制氢活性。研究结果表明,S/TiO2具有可见光活性,稀土掺杂进一步提高了S/TiO2可见光活性,其活性顺序依次为Eu/S/TiO2>La/S/TiO2>Nd/S/TiO2>Tb/S/TiO2>Er/S/TiO2。与纯TiO2和S/TiO2光催化剂相比,稀土掺杂使催化剂的粒径减小,晶格畸变应力增大,从而提高了催化剂可见光制氢活性。     

纳米La-TiO2光催化降解甲基橙废水的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了纯TiO2和La掺杂TiO2复合纳米粉体,通过XRD,UV-Vis等测试手段分析了在紫外光照射下,以降解甲基橙为探针反应研究其可见光催化性能。结果显示样品均为锐钛矿相纳米TiO2,稀土元素镧掺杂后纳米TiO2特征衍射峰宽化,强度降低;掺入的La主要以La2O3的形式存在,同时有一部分形成Ti-O-La键;La掺杂可减小TiO2晶粒尺寸及增大催化剂比表面积;与未掺杂的二氧化钛相比较,适当含量的镧掺杂可有效促进TiO2表面光生载流子的分离,从而显著提高其光催化活性。当La/Ti的摩尔比为0.010时,可见光催化性能最好。     

硬脂酸法制备层状K2La1.8Nb0.2Ti3O10

采用硬脂酸法在相对较低的温度下掺杂Nb制备了K2La1.8Nb0.2Ti3O10层状化合物.通过X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜、紫外-可见吸收光谱、拉曼光谱对产物进行了表征.结果表明,通过硬脂酸法在800℃可获得超细K2La1.8Nb0.2Ti3O10,颗粒尺寸为100～250 nm,经过Nb掺杂后的产物仍然保持层状结构,层间距约1.5nm.紫外-可见光谱表明掺杂前后的产物在紫外区均有较明显的吸收,但经Nb掺杂后的K2La1.8Nb0.2Ti3O10吸光度明显增强.     

复合光催化剂CdS-Pt/TiO_2低温制备及可见光制氢性能

用不同方法制备了CdS-Pt/TiO2复合光催化剂。催化剂通过X射线衍射、比表面和紫外-可见漫反射吸收进行了表征。以可见光光解水制氢为探针反应,考察了CdS-Pt/TiO2复合光催化剂的可见光活性。结果表明制备方法极大地影响CdS-Pt/TiO2复合光催化剂的活性。低结晶度的CdS与Pt/TiO2复合形成的CdS-Pt/TiO2复合光催化剂具有最高的可见光活性,其光解水的量子效率为6.95%。     

聚合络合法制备可见光响应光催化剂K4Ce2Nb10O30及其光解水活性

以可溶性的草酸铌为前体,通过聚合络合法合成了可见光响应光催化剂K4Ce2Nb10O30.XRD、SEM、BET以及UV-Vis等表征结果表明:通过该法制备的光催化剂相对于传统高温固相反应法制备的样品具有更小(20～50nm)且分布均匀的纳米颗粒和较高的比表面积.在可见光下(λ>400 nm)分解水的活性测试中,聚合络合法获得K4Ce2Nb10O30比高温固相样品具有更高的光催化分解水活性,并且在紫外光段下(λ>300 nm)具备了完全分解纯水的光催化活性.     

Zr掺杂K2La2Ti3O10制备及光催化性能研究

以钛酸四丁酯、碳酸钾、硝酸镧、氧氯化锆为原料,采用聚合-络合法制备出了新型的Zr掺杂改性的纳米复合物K2La2Ti3-xZrxO10,通过X射线衍射(XRD)、紫外可见漫反射(DRS)、比表面(BET)以及光致发光(PL)测试对其晶体结构和光学性质进行了表征.以乙醇为电子给体,比较了Zr掺杂量对催化剂光解水活性的影响.结果表明,通过低浓度Zr的掺杂,载Pt后光催化活性得到了大大地提高.Zr掺杂量x=0.2时获得比表面为18.72m2/g的纳米颗粒具有最好的光催化活性,测得其5h内在乙醇溶液中的产氢量子效率为2.69%.     

MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-TiO2-Y2O3玻璃的弹性模量

根据硬盘基板用材料的要求，制备了MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-TiO2-Y2O3高弹性模量玻璃（120GPa)，玻璃的弹性模量随组成的变化服从Makishima-Mackenzie理论，MgO,Al2O3,TiO2,Y2O3等具有较高单位体积离解能的氧化物有利于提高玻璃的弹性模量，但玻璃弹性模量的理论计算值低于测试值，这是因为Makishima-Mackenzie理论没有考虑玻璃内阳离子的具体配位，对MgO,Y2O3堆积密度因子的堆导存在误差，因此利用Makishima-Mackenzie理论发展高弹性模量玻璃时应对MgO,Y2O3等氧化物的计算进行修正。     

Les phases SrLa2Al2O7 et SrGd2Al2O7

SrLa₂Al₂O₇ and SrGd₂Al₂O₇ belong to the structural type Sr₃Ti₂O₇. In SrGd₂Al₂O₇ strontium and gadolinium occupy respectively the 12 and 9 coordinated sites, whereas in SrLa₂Al₂O₇ the homologous cations are statistically distributed. The fluorescence spectra of both phases activated by Eu³⁺ ions show that the only possible position of Eu³⁺ is the 9 coordinated site.     

Comparison of the Electronic Structures of La2CuO4, Sr2CuO2Cl2, and Sr2CuO2F2

First-principles cluster calculations are reported of the local electronic structure of the three compounds: La₂CuO₄, Sr₂CuO₂Cl₂, and Sr₂CuO₂F₂. The copper and the planar oxygen 2p atomic orbitals exhibit a similar degree of covalency. The out-of-plane orbitals, however, are quite different with the atomic orbital lowered significantly in energy for chlorine and fluorine apical positions.     

La2O3在MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-TiO2微晶玻璃中的作用

在MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-TiO2玻璃中添加不同数量的氧化镧，采用差热分析，X射线衍射及电子显微镜等技术研究了氧化镧对玻璃析晶过程与力学性能的影响。氧化镧的加入使玻璃中析出α－堇青石相的温度降低，同时避免了高膨胀方石英相的析出。随着氧化镧加入量的增加，玻璃整体析晶能力下降，微晶玻璃中晶相含量减少，晶粒尺寸增大，微晶玻璃的弹性模量与硬度减小，断裂韧性增加，体现出大尺寸长柱状金红石晶粒的增韧作用。     

Subsolidus phase equilibria in the Al2O3-CeO2-PbO and Al2O3-CeO2-RuO2 systems

The subsolidus phase equilibria in air for the Al₂O₃-CeO₂-PbO and Al₂O₃-CeO₂-RuO₂ systems were studied with the aim of obtaining information on possible interactions between a CeO₂-based solid electrolyte in solid-oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) and other oxides. No ternary compound was found in either of the systems. The tie line in the Al₂O₃-PbO-CeO₂ system is between Al₂Pb₂O₅ and the CeO₂.     

Phase relations of the Li2O-Ta2O5-B2O3 and Li2O-WO3-B2O3 systems and promising nonlinear optical compounds in K2O-Ta2O5-B2O3 system

The subsolidus phase equilibria of the Li₂O-Ta₂O₅-B₂O₃, K₂O-Ta₂O₅-B₂O₃ and Li₂O-WO₃-B₂O₃ systems have been investigated mainly by means of the powder X-ray diffraction method. Two ternary compounds, KTaB₂O₆ and K₃Ta₃B₂O₁₂ were confirmed in the system K₂O-Ta₂O₅-B₂O₃. Crystal structure of compound KTaB₂O₆ has been refined from X-ray powder diffraction data using the Rietveld method. The compound crystallizes in the orthorhombic, space group Pmn2₁ (No. 31), with lattice parameters a = 7.3253(4) Å, b = 3.8402(2) Å, c = 9.3040(5) Å, z = 2 and D_calc = 4.283 g/cm³. The powder second harmonic generation (SHG) coefficients of KTaB₂O₆ and K₃Ta₃B₂O₁₂ were five times and two times as large as that of KH₂PO₄ (KDP), respectively.     

Nanocrystallization of SrBi2Nb2O9 from glasses in the system Li2B4O7---SrO---Bi2O3---Nb2O5

Transparent glasses in the system (100−x)Li₂B₄O₇–x(SrO---Bi₂O₃---Nb₂O₅) (10≤x≤60) (in molar ratio) were fabricated by a conventional melt-quenching technique. Amorphous and glassy characteristics of the as-quenched samples were established via X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and differential thermal analyses (DTA) respectively. Glass–ceramics embedded with strontium bismuth niobate, SrBi₂Nb₂O₉ (SBN) nanocrystals were produced by heat-treating the as-quenched glasses at temperatures higher than 500 °C. Perovskite SBN phase formation through an intermediate fluorite phase in the glass matrix was confirmed by XRD and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Infrared and Raman spectroscopic studies corroborate the observation of fluorite phase formation. The dielectric constant (_r) and the loss factor (D) for the lithium borate, Li₂B₄O₇ (LBO) glass comprising randomly oriented SBN nanocrystals were determined and compared with those predicted based on the various dielectric mixture rule formalism. The dielectric constant was found to increase with increasing SBN content in LBO glass matrix.     

Na2O-B2O3-SiO2-SnO2系统的分相与析晶

对Na2O-B2O3-SiO2-SnO2四元系统的分相与析晶进行了探讨．通过对不同组成点在热处理、化学处理各阶段的试样进行能谱分析、XRD分析及SEM分析，确认了SnO2分布在分相结构中的富硼碱相中；在该系统中SnO2晶体的析出有赖于分相过程；分相结构尺度限制了SnO2的析晶尺寸．试验结果表明，通过控制分相结构得到了负载于多孔富硅载体的纳米尺寸的SnO2材料．该材料具有较高的CO氧化催化活性．     

Quasiparticle dispersion of Sr2CuO2Cl2

Recent angle resolved photoemission (ARPES) measurements for the insulating cuprate Sr₂CuO₂Cl₂ have provided the first experimental data which can be directly compared to the (theoretically) well-studied problem of a single hole propagating in an antiferromagnet. Some discrepancies withthe familiar 2D t— J model were observed. Here we discuss a comparison between the ARPES results and the quasiparticle dispersion of both (i) the extended t— t— J Hamiltonian and (ii) the three-band Hubbard model.     

High-pressure substitutions for Cd In Cd2Nb2O7 and Cd2Ta2O7

Substitutions into cadmium niobate of the type Cd_2?xA_xNb₂O₇ (x≤0.5) have been carried out at 58 kbars and 1100°C. The substituting A cations were Mg, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn which are all smaller than Cd. Rhombohedral or triclinic distortions derived from cubic Cd₂Nb₂O₇ were achieved at values of x as low as 0.05. All the substituted phases appear to be centric at room temperature. Analogous substitutions into Cd₂Ta₂O₇ were also made.