小麦纤维对肉糜品质的影响

通过研究添加不同量的小麦纤维对猪肉糜蒸煮损失、剪切力、色度和质构特性的影响。结果表明:添加小麦纤维,能够提高肉糜的b~*值,降低L~*值和a~*值。肉糜的蒸煮损失由25. 16%下降到17. 19%,肉糜的剪切力由6. 58N下降到4. 65N,说明肉糜的嫩度随着小麦纤维的增加而提高。因此,添加2g的小麦纤维能明显改善肉糜的品质。     

L-组氨酸、L-赖氨酸、柠檬酸钠复配对牛肉糜保水性的影响

以添加质量浓度为1.5%NaCl的牛肉糜为主要原料,采用单因素和响应面分析方法,以无磷保水剂处理前后牛肉糜的蒸煮损失为试验指标,考察不同的L-组氨酸、L-赖氨酸和柠檬酸钠的添加量对牛肉糜蒸煮损失的影响,进而优化出3种无磷保水剂的最佳配比,并与磷酸盐的保水效果进行对比。结果表明,3种添加剂的最佳配比为:L-组氨酸0.20%、L-赖氨酸0.30%、柠檬酸钠0.23%。此复配保水剂可以使牛肉糜蒸煮损失显著降低至10.85%,且效果优于磷酸盐保水剂。     

不同盐浓度下磷脂含量对猪肉糜凝胶特性的影响

探究不同盐浓度(质量分数1. 5%～3. 5%)下磷脂含量(质量分数0. 2%～0. 6%)对猪肉糜凝胶特性的影响。以猪里脊肉为原料,在不同盐浓度下研究不同磷脂含量对肉糜的蒸煮得率、保水性、质构、色差、体外消化率的影响。在同等盐浓度下0. 4%磷脂含量肉糜凝胶有最高的蒸煮得率、保水性和弹性以及较低的硬度和咀嚼性,且有最高的体外消化率;相对于0. 2%磷脂含量组,0. 4%～0. 6%磷脂含量组肉糜在高盐浓度(3. 5%)下,蒸煮得率、保水性、硬度、弹性以及G'值等指标并未出现明显下降;(硫代巴比妥酸反应物,TBARS)和蛋白质氧化分析结果显示,磷脂的添加可以抑制肌原纤维蛋白氧化,但体系中脂肪氧化程度增加。0. 4%的磷脂含量肉糜凝胶特性最优;磷脂与蛋白质结合后抑制了蛋白质的氧化。实验结果可为不同磷脂含量的肉类加工适性提供理论参考。     

黄花菜粉对牛肉糜凝胶特性和流变性质的影响

该文研究黄花菜粉对牛肉糜凝胶特性和流变性质的影响。 将60、80、100 目黄花菜粉按添加量分别为2%、4%、6%、8%、10%制得牛肉糜凝胶,以未添加组为对照。结果表明,添加黄花菜粉能显著降低牛肉糜的蒸煮损失（p＜0.05）,牛肉糜凝胶的保水性和凝胶强度均随黄花菜粉添加量的增加而增强,黄花菜粉添加量为4%可显著增加牛肉糜持水性和凝胶强度。动态流变测量表明,牛肉糜的G′值经历3 个阶段,25 ℃～47 ℃时,添加不同目数黄花菜粉肉糜和空白对照组肉糜的储能模量G′值均缓慢升高;在47 ℃～60 ℃时,添加100 目黄花菜粉肉糜的G′值迅速上升;在60 ℃～80 ℃所有试验组牛肉糜的G′值快速上升。 添加量为4%的100 目黄花菜粉牛肉糜凝胶相对于其他组具有更好的品质特性,蒸煮损失（10.26%）、保水性（83.59%）、凝胶强度（2 448.25 g）、色泽（L*值48.19、a*值0.94、b*值5.35）、硬度（8 339.87 g）、弹性（0.92）、内聚性（0.68）、咀嚼性（6 527.52 g）和回复性（0.29）。     

肌肽对牛肉糜肉色及脂肪氧化的影响

在牛背最长肌中添加肌肽(C_9H_(14)N_4O_3),研究在4±1℃冷藏条件下,不同浓度(0.05%、0.1%、0.5%、1.0%)肌肽对牛肉肉糜高铁肌红蛋白(MetMb)还原酶活性、色素含量、脂肪氧化及肉色稳定性的影响.结果表明:在7d的贮藏期内,添加不同浓度肌肽均可有效抑制肉糜MetMb含量上升、提高高铁肌红蛋白还原酶活性,并与无添加组有显著性差异(P<0.05),0.1%、0.5%浓度肌肽对抑制脂肪氧化、稳定肉色有显著作用,护色效果较理想     

鹰嘴豆分离蛋白对减盐猪肉糜凝胶品质的影响

为探究鹰嘴豆分离蛋白(chickpea protein isolate,CPI)不同添加量对2种盐含量(质量分数1.4%和2%)猪肉糜凝胶品质的影响,将猪瘦肉与猪背膘斩拌成肉糜,分别设置不同盐含量和鹰嘴豆分离蛋白的处理组并加热制成凝胶。测定猪肉糜凝胶的色泽、乳化稳定性、质构、水分分布和流变特性。结果表明,在不添加鹰嘴豆分离蛋白的条件下,1.4%食盐质量分数的猪肉糜凝胶的汁液流失和硬度值显著高于2%食盐浓度的猪肉糜凝胶;相同食盐浓度条件下,随着CPI添加量的增加,猪肉糜凝胶的a^*值、b^*值、硬度、弹性、咀嚼性以及不易流动水比例均显著增加(P<0.05),动态流变储能模量G'值升高,汁液流失率显著降低(P<0.05),并在CPI添加量为1.2%时达到最大值或最小值;在相同CPI添加量条件下,1.4%食盐1.2% CPI的猪肉糜凝胶的储能模量G'值高于2%食盐1.2% CPI的猪肉糜凝胶,且2组凝胶的不易流动水比例、乳化稳定性、质构特性无显著差异(P>0.05)。综上,鹰嘴豆分离蛋白的添加能够在降低食盐用量的同时提升猪肉糜的凝胶品质。     

冷藏时间对冷却猪肉糜凝胶特性的影响

本文以托盘包装的冷却猪背最长肌为原料,在4 ℃条件下避光贮藏0、1、3、5和7 d后,分别加工成猪肉糜,分析猪肉糜pH、色差、蒸煮得率、质构和流变性的变化,研究不同冷藏时间对猪肉糜凝胶特性的影响。结果表明:随着冷藏时间的延长,猪肉糜的色差、蒸煮得率和质构呈下降趋势(p<0.05),说明猪肉糜凝胶性能变差。其中L*值和蒸煮得率在冷藏0、1和3 d时,差异不显著(p>0.05)。流变结果表明,在72 ℃时,0、1 d和3 d的G'差异不显著,超过72 ℃后,G'在0和1 d时最大。综上,猪肉糜在冷藏3 d前进行加工,能够保持其良好的凝胶性能。     

香菇抗氧化成分提取及其在牛肉糜中作用研究

利用静止提取法、恒温回流法、超声波法及恒温水浴提取法对香菇抗氧化成分进行提取,采用测定吸光度值来计算自由基清除率,确定出提取香菇抗氧化成分的最佳方法是超声波法,通过响应面方法对提取工艺条件进行优化,并将香菇提取液应用于牛肉糜中,从pH值、硫代巴比妥酸反应物质(TBARs)、色度及高铁肌红蛋白含量(metMb)变化来评价香菇提取物对生牛肉糜抗氧化性能.结果表明:超声波法提取香菇抗氧化成分最佳工艺条件为料液比1:49.46,超声时间119.4min,超声功率421.62w,随着时间的延长,香菇提取物对牛肉糜有一定抗氧化作用.     

三种原淀粉及其变性淀粉对牛肉糜凝胶品质的影响

为研究不同种类淀粉对牛肉糜凝胶品质的影响，并确定能够改善牛肉糜凝胶品质的最佳淀粉品类，该研究以牛肉糜凝胶为研究对象，探究3种原淀粉(玉米淀粉、木薯淀粉、马铃薯淀粉)及其变性淀粉(玉米变性淀粉、木薯变性淀粉、马铃薯变性淀粉)在6 g/100 g添加量时对牛肉糜凝胶品质的影响。结果表明，3种原淀粉均能提高牛肉糜凝胶的pH值(P<0.05),其中马铃薯淀粉组质构特性与空白对照组类似，玉米淀粉和木薯淀粉对牛肉糜凝胶品质无显著改善作用；添加3种变性淀粉都能降低牛肉糜凝胶的蒸煮损失(cooking loss, CL)、非压出水分(non-expressible water, NW)、持水性(water-holding capacity, WHC)以及冻融损失，并能使牛肉糜凝胶获得更好的组织结构和感官品质；同时，玉米变性淀粉能最显著减少牛肉糜凝胶CL和冻融损失(P<0.05),CL和冻融损失为5.04%、3.44%;马铃薯变性淀粉对牛肉糜凝胶持水性的改善效果最好，牛肉糜凝胶水分含量为76.62%、NW为92.61%、WHC为92%、乳化稳定性为7.25%,且感官品质也较好。由此可知，变性...     

琥珀酸钠对牛肉糜色泽及高铁肌红蛋白含量的影响

在牛肉糜中加入0、4、6、8mmol/L的琥珀酸,研究其对牛肉糜pH、颜色、Mb和MetMb含量、TBARS的影响,以揭示琥珀酸-琥珀酸脱氢酶体系在MetMb还原中的作用.结果显示:琥珀酸添加对牛肉糜pH没有影响,低浓度琥珀酸(4～6mmol/L)可提高红度值和Mb含量,降低MetMb含量,但对肉的脂肪氧化没有抑制作用.     

液态发酵柿子白酒的研究

柿子打浆后 ,加入 0 2 %的柠檬酸和抗坏血酸 ,经过防褐、护色、酶解处理分别得到果汁和果浆 ,进行果汁、果浆对比发酵 ,确定了果浆为液态发酵的最佳酵基。添加 1～ 1 5 g/L酒精活性干酵母 ,经过 32℃发酵 4d后 ,发酵率达 97% ,原酒酒精体积分数为 8 5 %～ 8 9%。将原酒蒸馏、陈酿、勾兑得到酒精体积分数为 30 %～ 40 %果香浓郁的柿子白酒。     

以大米淀粉为原料的酶法制备低DE值麦芽糊精的研究

研究了以籼米淀粉为基质的低DE值麦芽糊精的酶解工艺,采用多元回归分析法(Multiple RegressionAnalysis)得到一条二阶多项式回归方程式,其相关系数为0.982,并且模型在α=0.05的水平上回归显著。通过响应面分析(Respond Surface Analysis),在酶解温度95℃下,改变酶用量(1~3 mL),酶解时间(10~15 min)和淀粉浆液浓度(10%~20%),可以制备出DE值为0.76~5.72的麦芽糊精。     

强化面酱发酵过程中酯类物质合成的方法

该文研究了面酱发酵过程中酯类物质形成的基本规律,提出了提高面酱酯类物质含量的方法,并与传统面酱发酵进行了对比研究。研究结果表明,在面酱醅中添加一定量的乙醇可以明显的提高面酱中酯类物质的浓度,有利于提高面酱的质量和风味。     

泡沫涂层工艺制备功能性窗帘面料

采用泡沫涂层工艺制备具遮光阻燃和防静电等多功能窗帘面料,考察了氨水添加量、发泡比和填充材料对涂层浆性能的影响。结果表明,填充材料的添加量越大,遮光性越好;发泡比直接影响涂层产品的厚度和遮光性;冷轧工艺有助于提高泡沫涂层织物表面的平整性和遮光性能。优化的泡沫涂层浆处方为:每100g涂层浆加2滴氨水,填充材料TiO215%,发泡比1∶5,发泡稳定剂(硬脂酸胺)2%～3%,阻燃剂20%,抗静电剂1%。     

轮叶党参低盐制品的研制

本文对轮叶党参低盐制品进行了研究,根据影响制品质量的主要因素,进行了试验。结果表明:烫漂采用100℃、3～5min;保脆采用0.1%～0.15%CaCl2溶液浸泡24h;杀菌采用900W、2min的微波杀菌;配方采用辣椒粉1%、醋3%、盐5%、糖3%。即可得到质地柔韧、脆度适中、酸辣甜咸适口、保质期达6个月以上的产品。     

Electrical Properties of Fish Mince During Multi-frequency Ohmic Heating

A multi-frequency ohmic heating system with 30 Hz～1 MHz range which could deliver 250 watts was developed for measuring electrical conductivity and absolute dielectric loss of food samples. Pacific whiting surimi paste and stabilized mince in the 20～70°C range were tested at frequencies from 55 Hz to 200 kHz. Sample impedance decreased slightly with frequency. The DC electrical conductivity (σ_dc) and absolute dielectric loss (ε″) of Pacific whiting surimi paste increased with temperature and salt concentration; adc and ε″ of the stabilized mince increased with temperature. Empirical models of electrical properties for surimi paste (moisture content 79% and salt at 1, 2 or 3%) and stabilized mince (77% moisture and 0.74% salt) were derived. Electrolytic corrosion diminished with frequency.     

奇亚籽复合芝麻酱的稳定性及流变学特性研究

本文采用芝麻原酱、奇亚籽提取物为主要原料,单硬脂酸甘油酯和蔗糖脂肪酸酯为乳化剂制备低脂稳定型复合芝麻酱。以离心出油率和硬度为评价指标,通过单因素实验研究乳化剂添加量、单甘酯与蔗糖酯复配比、搅拌时间、搅拌温度对复合芝麻酱稳定性的影响,在此基础上进行响应面优化,并对酱体流变学特性进行研究。结果表明,加入5%奇亚籽提取物可有效降低芝麻原酱10.82%的粗脂肪含量,当乳化剂添加量为1.6%、单甘酯与蔗糖酯复配比为2.6:1、搅拌温度71 ℃、搅拌时间9.5 min时,复合芝麻酱的出油率为2.61%,远低于芝麻原酱,感官品质更好。复合芝麻酱表现为非牛顿假塑性流体,黏度随温度变化缓慢,稳定性优于市售芝麻酱。     

Sensitivity of three pathogenic bacteria to Turkish cemen paste and its ingredients

Pastirma is a dry cured meat product which is pasted with cemen. This paste is prepared from ground fenugreek, garlic and red hot pepper (RHPP). In this study, the cemen mix/paste and all its ingredients were tested for their inhibitory effects on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Yersinia enterocolitica. All samples had a varying inhibitory effect against all the bacteria tested during 4 days of storage. Complete cemen paste showed the strongest inhibitory effect on the three pathogens compared to ingredients alone. Fenugreek and RHPP had a bacteriostatic effect while the cemen paste and garlic had a bactericidal effect. S. aureus was the most sensitive bacterium while Y. enterocolitica was the most resistant. The results of this study confirmed the protective effect of cemen paste and garlic in food preservation especially against E. coli, S. aureus and Y. enterocolitica proving safety for public health. Hence it might be concluded that cemen paste is the first hurdle to prevent bacterial contamination, and a low pH (～4.83) value would also add an additional barrier to secure safety of the product. Finally, it can be suggested that similar studies should be conducted on actual meat systems to confirm these findings.     

Physicochemical and Sensory Properties of Dehydrated Bean Paste Products as Related to Bean Varieties

The objective was to compare physicochemical properties of bean paste products from six bean varieties to determine whether there were significant differences in the resulting product. Crude protein in the dried bean pastes ranged from 23% to 29% and ash 1.1% to 1.8%. Fiber ranged from 16% to 6.3% soluble. 10.6% to 22.7% insoluble. and 12.3% to 28.3% total dietary fiber. Nonstarch polysaccharide contents varied from 12% to 32%. Only 7.5% to 13.8% of total raflinose and stachyose were retained in the paste products. Trypsin inhibitor activity in the bean pastes was 1% to 2% of that detected in raw beans. Mung bean paste had lowest overall sensory quality. Navy and pinto bean pastes had good smoothness, aroma, and acceptance and could be used as substitutes for preparing traditional bean paste products.     

Starch modified by high-pressure homogenisation of the pastes – Some structural and physico-chemical aspects

According to literature data, high-pressure homogenisation of starch paste in the optimum conditions gives a product of digestibility reduced by 50%. This product has been analysed from the point of view of its resistance to enzyme activity. Results obtained by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, optical microscopy and measurements of surface activity prove that reduction in the product digestibility is not related to changes in its crystalline structure and morphology of its particles. The product of high-pressure homogenisation of the paste is also found to be characterised by very slow kinetics of wetting. In comparison to the native starch, the aqueous solutions of the product of homogenisation show significantly different surface activity and different mode of iodine complexation.