A comprehensive review of mung bean proteins: Extraction,characterization, biological potential,techno-functional properties,modifications, and applications

The popularity of plant-based proteins has increased, and mung bean protein (MBP) has gained immense attention due to its high yield, nutritional value, and health benefits. MBP is rich in lysine and has a highly digestible indispensable amino acid score. Dry and wet extractions are used to extract MBP flours and concentrates/isolates, respectively. To enhance the quality of commercial MBP flours, further research is needed to refine the purity of MBPs using dry extraction methods. Furthermore, MBP possesses various biological potential and techno-functional properties, but its use in food systems is limited by some poor functionalities, such as solubility. Physical, biological, and chemical technologies have been used to improve the techno-functional properties of MBP, which has expanded its applications in traditional foods and novel fields, such as microencapsulation, three-dimensional printing, meat analogs, and protein-based films. However, study on each modification technique remains inadequate. Future research should prioritize exploring the impact of these modifications on the biological potential of MBP and its internal mechanisms of action. This review aims to provide ideas and references for future research and the development of MBP processing technology.     

大豆蛋白乳液的研究进展

食品乳液作为活性物质的传递体系一直是国内外的研究热点。大豆蛋白作为一种植物高分子蛋白质,具有独特的营养价值和良好的乳化性,在改善食品感官品质和提高乳液体系稳定性上具有显著的优势。由于双亲性和高表面活性,大豆蛋白乳液得到了迅速的发展,纳米乳液、微米乳液、多重乳液、Pickering乳液、多层乳液等新型乳液以及基于乳液的固体脂质颗粒、微胶囊化和水凝胶填充颗粒,在食品、保健品、化妆品等领域有着广泛的应用前景。本研究主要综述了大豆蛋白基本结构与功能特性的关系,阐明了大豆蛋白乳液的基本性质与制备方法,并对大豆蛋白乳液的应用以及未来的发展前景进行了展望,以期为大豆蛋白乳液的加工与应用提供参考。     

绿豆肽功能活性及其在食品中的应用进展

肽是生物活性小分子物质,具有来源广、安全性高以及微量高效的特点.绿豆是我国传统的药食同源性杂粮豆类,是良好的蛋白质来源,其蛋白不仅含量高,且具有多种生物学功能.绿豆肽的氨基酸组成与绿豆蛋白相似,但却具备更多样的生物活性,如抗氧化性、免疫活性、降血压作用等;还具有较强的金属螯合能力,可提升其功能活性以及金属离子在机体中的...     

加工方式对绿豆蛋白亚基和功能性质的影响

绿豆中蛋白质含量高,氨基酸种类丰富,是一种具有较强加工适用性的优质蛋白质资源。本实验以绿豆为材料,对绿豆进行蒸制、煮制两种不同热处理,用碱提酸沉法提取绿豆蛋白,并对其进行结构和功能性质的测定。结果表明：随着热处理时间的延长,蒸制和煮制的绿豆蛋白中大分子蛋白亚基条带灰度均变浅,即大分子质量蛋白含量均减少,分子质量为57.5 kDa的8S球蛋白亚基条带逐渐消失。两种处理相比,煮制绿豆蛋白增加了一条分子质量为35.4 kDa的条带。两种处理绿豆蛋白的持水性、持油性、乳化性、乳化稳定性均随处理时间延长不断提高,且蒸制绿豆蛋白优于煮制;而起泡性、泡沫稳定性、溶解性随处理时间延长呈先上升后下降的趋势,在20～25 min时性能最佳,蒸制绿豆蛋白的性能较好,起泡性、泡沫稳定性、溶解度分别为25.6%、77.1%、13.6%。本研究为绿豆蛋白的改性提供理论依据,对提高绿豆蛋白在食品行业中的应用以及绿豆产品的精深加工具有参考意义。     

蛋清蛋白添加对籼米-绿豆粉粉质特性及挤压米粉丝品质特性的影响

将籼米粉、绿豆粉和蛋清蛋白粉按照一定的比例复配,开发高纤维含量的杂粮米粉丝。研究了绿豆和蛋清蛋白的添加对米粉糊化特性、流变特性以及挤压米粉丝微观结构、蒸煮特性和质构等品质特性的影响。结果显示:添加一定量的绿豆粉和蛋清蛋白粉后,混合粉的峰值黏度、最低黏度、最终黏度、回生值、弹性模量、黏性模量均逐渐下降。随着绿豆粉的添加(25%,50%),米粉的蒸煮时间、断条率、蒸煮损失和吸水率均上升,硬度降低,表明米粉的品质显著降低,由扫描电镜图可以发现,加了绿豆粉之后米粉截面变得越来越粗糙,裂纹和孔洞明显增多。但当加入7.5%的蛋清蛋白后,米粉的蒸煮时间、蒸煮损失和断条率均下降,质构特性有一定程度的改善,表明蛋清蛋白良好的凝胶特性有助于提升高纤维含量挤压米粉丝的品质。     

绿豆营养功能特性及其在植物基食品开发中的应用（网络首发、推荐阅读）

绿豆是我国特色杂粮杂豆作物和传统的药食同源食材,全球重要的干籽粒豆类作物。绿豆高蛋白、高淀粉以及富含多酚、黄酮、非淀粉多糖等营养特性使其成为粮食作物领域重要的健康食品和功能活性研究对象。对近年来国内外在绿豆的营养组成、功能因子（多酚、多糖、功能性蛋白或肽）以及抗氧化、降脂、降糖等健康功效方面的研究进展进行了回顾。同时,对绿豆在新型植物基食品中的研究和产业化应用作一介绍,旨在为现代营养和食品科学理论框架下的绿豆研究及其在未来食品中的应用提供借鉴。     

焙烤对绿豆蛋白结构和功能性质的影响

本文以绿豆为原料,测定了不同焙烤温度对绿豆蛋白的结构及功能性质的影响。用碱法提取绿豆中的总蛋白,并对蛋白质的二级结构以及多种功能性质进行分析。结果表明,当焙烤温度升高时,除乳化稳定性外其他性质均有显著（P<0.05）提高,乳化性最高达到38.46 m2/g,在180℃下起泡性最高达到了26%,溶解性增加了47.72%,而乳化稳定性则明显下降。相比较,在180℃时绿豆蛋白各项功能性质最佳。在电泳分析中,焙烤加工使得绿豆蛋白各个部分发生不同程度的降解,各个范围的条带均变浅,Ⅰ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ条带几乎消失。在180℃时,第Ⅲ条亚基带颜色加深与功能性质在180℃增强相呼应。通过测定傅里叶红外光谱发现,在1640 cm-1处的峰在110和180℃分别出现红移,其他温度下蛋白与生蛋白相比该峰值出现蓝移,在150和180℃蛋白图谱中1050 cm-1波长处出现明显的峰值。焙烤加工后蛋白二级结构中β-折叠结构含量显著（P<0.05）增加,α-螺旋结构、β-转角结构含量显著（P<0.05）降低。综上,经过高温焙烤热处理后的绿豆蛋白结构会发生改变,基础功能特性会更加优异,180℃ 20 min的焙烤强度可使绿豆蛋白功能性质提升到最佳。     

传统大豆制品及大豆蛋白中嘌呤含量的探讨

大豆蛋白富含8种人体必需氨基酸,具有动物蛋白不可比拟的功能特性。但是大豆作为高蛋白的植物性食品嘌呤含量较高,制约着大豆制品的应用。对嘌呤与痛风的关系,食品中嘌呤的检测方法,嘌呤与蛋白质的关系,传统大豆制品及大豆蛋白中的嘌呤含量及其控制等,特别是经过深加工处理的大豆分离蛋白和大豆浓缩蛋白的低嘌呤工艺进行了讨论。展望了大豆深加工制品如大豆分离蛋白和酸法大豆浓缩蛋白可为痛风病人提供低嘌呤、高蛋白食品的发展方向。     

Modification of myofibrillar protein functional properties prepared by various strategies: A comprehensive review

Today, both consumers and food industry producers have exhibited an ever-growing interest in improving and broadening the functional performance of proteins in food industry. Myofibrillar protein (MP) is mainly responsible for texture, yield and organoleptic characteristics of final meat products. To increase functional properties of MP, technological and nutritional improvement of MP is needed to modify its structure and functionalities. Considerable approaches, including additives, oxidation treatments, and novel food processing technologies, have been utilized to modify its functional properties to manufacture acceptable meat products with lower cost and more desirable nutritional characteristics. However, a comprehensive summary of structural and functional changes of MP in response to different modification strategies is still lacking. Hence, in this review paper, our main goal is first to provide an overview of the functional characteristics of MP. Then, this review will mainly discuss the current knowledge on the functional changes of MP caused by various modification methods and will present some examples of previous works and recent progress. Finally, future outlooks are presented to tailor the manufacture of functionality enhanced and value-added muscle-based products and enable modified MP can be applied as a novel meat ingredient in food industry.     

花生蛋白改性技术研究进展

花生是一年生草本植物,起源于南美洲热带、亚热带地区,是世界上主要的食用植物油料作物之一,在全国大部分地区都有种植。作为花生榨油之后的主要副产物,花生饼粕中约含有50%的蛋白质,丰富的花生资源为花生蛋白的研究与开发利用提供了充足的原料,由此也有力地推动了花生蛋白产品的迅速发展。花生蛋白不仅所含氨基酸种类比较齐全,而且所含人体必需氨基酸的比例较高,是植物蛋白中为数不多能替代动物蛋白的理想营养佳品,通过蛋白质改性技术可以修饰蛋白质的功能特性,提高其加工性能,拓宽花生蛋白在各领域中的应用范围。本文从物理改性、化学改性、酶法改性3个方面探讨花生蛋白改性技术对其功能特性所产生的影响,物理方法主要包括超高压均质、热处理、超声处理、低温等离子体、臭氧、反胶束和冻融循环等;化学方法包括糖基化、酰化、磷酸化、pH偏移处理和多酚化合物处理等;生物方法主要包括酶法水解和酶法交联处理两种。此外,本文总结了不同改性方法的作用机制及其对花生蛋白性质的影响,同时展望了花生蛋白改性技术的应用及发展趋势,旨在为花生蛋白的开发利用和未来发展奠定基础。     

Texturized mung bean protein as a sustainable food source: Effects of extrusion on its physical,textural and protein quality

Despite being inexpensive and a sustainable source of plant protein, mung bean remains underutilized due to its hard-to-cook characteristics. The aim of this study is to produce texturized mung bean protein (TMBP) with desirable physical properties, through optimization of extrusion parameters determined as follows: 49.33% feed moisture, 80.66 rpm screw speed and 144.57 °C barrel temperature. Under these conditions, all physical properties (expansion ratio, bulk density, rehydration ratio, water absorption capacity and degree of texturization) are desirably altered. Microstructure analysis reveals fibrous structure that is aligned along the shear flow direction in TMBP while SDS-PAGE shows partial protein unfoldment that is crucial for protein fibril formation during texturization. Amino acid profile shows high retention of amino acids after texturization. Current study successfully demonstrates the optimized production of TMBP from mung bean protein with strong potential as meat extender to serve as a healthier option compared to animal proteins.Industrial relevanceCurrent work is conducted on a pilot-scale basis, from initial protein extraction up to final extrusion step. This allows food industry to readily adapt the processing parameters, as detailed in current work, for customized production of texturized mung bean protein.     

醇法大豆浓缩蛋白的生产及功能性改性

对醇法大豆浓缩蛋白的生产及功能性改性进行了介绍。从原料豆粕的处理及质量要求出发,详细介绍了醇法大豆浓缩蛋白的生产工艺及相关指标要求,应注意的问题;从环保和食品安全方面考虑,选择物理改性,对醇法大豆浓缩蛋白进行功能性改性,并对其工艺及设备进行了介绍,相关问题进行了讨论。我国生产醇法大豆浓缩蛋白,醇提工艺基本相同,但使用的浸出器和脱溶设备不同。通过对醇法大豆浓缩蛋白进行功能性改性,针对不同产品的用途对生产过程进行过程控制和产品质量控制,可分别生产出食用级和饲用级大豆浓缩蛋白。为大豆蛋白的生产提供帮助。     

Physicochemical and emulsifying properties of mung bean protein isolate as influenced by succinylation

The application of mung bean protein in foods is limited due to its poor functionality. Acylation with succinic anhydride could be used to improve the functionalities of protein. In this study, the influence of the weight ratio of succinic anhydride to protein (0–0.10) on the degree of N-acylation, physicochemical properties and protein functionalities including emulsifying properties of mung bean protein isolates (MPI) were investigated. The extent of N-acylation of MPI increased as the succinic anhydride:protein ratio increased, while the ζ-potential at neutral pH decreased. In addition, succinylation had an impact on the average particle size of MPI depending on the succinic anhydride:protein ratio. Succinylation had no impact on the total and exposed free sulfhydryl groups. Moreover, the isoelectric point (pI) of the succinylated proteins shifted from pH 5 to lower pH. Succinylation increased the emulsifying activity index (EAI), while the impact on the emulsion stability index depended on the succinic anhydride:protein ratio. Thus, succinylation at low succinic anhydride:protein ratio can alter mung bean protein charge and affect physicochemical and functional properties especially emulsifying properties that could be used to increase its utilization.     

Processing,Nutrition, and Functionality of Hempseed Protein: A Review

The increasing demand for plant proteins, along with rising awareness of the nutritional and functional roles of dietary proteins, has prompted the nutrition and food industry to explore nontraditional protein sources. Hempseed protein with its excellent nutritional value and superior digestibility has drawn great interest in both scientific and industrial fields. In this review, the chemistry and nutritional quality of hempseed protein and the health benefits of bioactive peptides derived thereof are highlighted. Processing, functionality, and application of various hemp protein products, including hempseed meal, hemp protein concentrates, and hemp protein isolates, are discussed. Moreover, recent advances in technological innovation to improve hempseed protein functionality are introduced. The objective of this review is to provide an updated summary of the research on hempseed protein and to fill the knowledge gap in the exploitation of potential nutritional, health, and processing benefits of this emerging protein source.     

绿豆发芽富集GABA及产品开发研究进展

绿豆是我国的传统药食同源作物之一,种植区域广泛,深受消费者的喜爱,在我国食用豆类作物中占有十分重要的地位。绿豆不仅含有人体所需的各种基本营养素及多种功能性成分,具有多种生理活性,还是富集γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)的良好来源。本文从绿豆的营养及功能特性概况、GABA植物富集法产生机制、绿豆发芽富集GABA的影响因素及富含GABA的绿豆产品开发现状等方面对国内外研究情况进行了总结,并对富含GABA的功能性绿豆产品开发及应用前景进行了展望。     

醇法大豆浓缩蛋白的加工、性能与应用

醇法大豆浓缩蛋白在大豆蛋白产品中占有重要地位,但它在国内的发展水平还很低.为了促进我国大豆浓缩蛋白的发展,对其加工、性能和应用进行了阐述.逆流浸出法是目前较常见的醇法大豆浓缩蛋白制备方法.醇法大豆浓缩蛋白的溶解度较低,但是它有较强的持水性、持油性以及较高的黏度,通过改性可以进一步改善其功能性质.传统的醇法大豆浓缩蛋白主要应用于肉制品加工,大量的醇法大豆浓缩蛋白被加工成组织蛋白.经过改性的醇法大豆浓缩蛋白可以应用于对乳化性及持油性要求较高的高脂肪食品中.     

Composition,physicochemical properties of pea protein and its application in functional foods

Abstract

Field pea is one of the most important leguminous crops over the world. Pea protein is a relatively new type of plant proteins and has been used as a functional ingredient in global food industry. Pea protein includes four major classes (globulin, albumin, prolamin, and glutelin), in which globulin and albumin are major storage proteins in pea seeds. Globulin is soluble in salt solutions and can be further classified into legumin and vicilin. Albumin is soluble in water and regarded as metabolic and enzymatic proteins with cytosolic functions. Pea protein has a well-balanced amino acid profile with high level of lysine. The composition and structure of pea protein, as well as the processing conditions, significantly affect its physical and chemical properties, such as hydration, rheological characteristics, and surface characteristics. With its availability, low cost, nutritional values and health benefits, pea protein can be used as a novel and effective alternative to substitute for soybean or animal proteins in functional food applications.     

部分植物蛋白肽在抗疲劳功能食品中的研究进展

在我国大力推行全民健身理念的背景下,人们通过运动锻炼来增强身体素质,但由此引发的运动疲劳现象不容忽视.抗疲劳功能食品能够补充能量、缓解运动疲劳,受到人们的关注与喜爱.植物蛋白肽是从小麦、玉米、大豆等谷物及豆类中提取的活性肽类物质,因其独特的加工性能、抗疲劳作用等特点,逐渐被应用于食品、医学、保健品等领域,近年来在运动领...     

谷物蛋白的组成特点及分离方法研究现状

谷物是优质蛋白和生物活性物质的来源, 其水解产物可以作为植物蛋白提供体和有益活性成分替代物。谷物蛋白在蛋白领域一直是国内外学者的研究热点及重点, 尤其是小麦、水稻、玉米等大宗谷物提供了大量优质的植物蛋白, 其他广泛的小宗谷物品种也提供了优质并具有不同功能特性的蛋白质。本文对几种常见的谷物蛋白的分级及分离方法、常见谷物蛋白的结构与功能特性、谷物蛋白的使用价值及开发前景进行了综合阐述, 以期为谷类蛋白质的进一步研究提供参考。     

绿豆萌发过程中绿豆蛋白的功能特性及其抗氧化性

本文以绿豆为材料,研究了其萌发过程中绿豆蛋白的功能特性(溶解性、持水性、持油性、乳化性、起泡性、乳化稳定性、起泡稳定性)及抗氧化性(DPPH自由基清除率、金属离子螯合率、超氧阴离子自由基清除率)的动态变化。结果表明,随着萌发时间的不断延长,绿豆蛋白的溶解性、持水性、持油性、乳化性、起泡性均呈现先增加后降低的趋势,乳化稳定性和起泡稳定性得以增强。其中,溶解性萌发24 h时达到最高,萌发96 h最低;萌发的绿豆蛋白持水性、持油性和乳化性相对于未萌发的分别提高了1.57倍、4.13倍和2.47倍;乳化稳定性、起泡性和起泡稳定性较未萌发的分别提高了43.8%、46.6%和61.3%。此外,萌发过程中的绿豆蛋白抗氧化性呈现先升高后下降的趋势,萌发促进了绿豆蛋白的抗氧化性。其中,DPPH自由基清除率和金属离子螯合率均在绿豆萌发36 h达到最大,较未萌发的分别提高了73.8%和31.0%;超氧阴离子自由基清除率萌发48 h达到最大,较未萌发的提高了81.7%。随着绿豆萌发时间的延长,绿豆蛋白的功能特性和抗氧化性呈现先升高后下降的趋势,萌发中期(24~48 h)达到最大。因此,萌发提升了绿豆蛋白的功能特性和抗氧化性,扩大了其在食品加工中的应用,提高了其利用价值。