山药多糖对急性酒精中毒小鼠的解酒作用

观察山药多糖对急性酒精中毒小鼠的解酒作用。分别给小鼠灌食不同剂量的山药多糖,30 min后灌胃56°白酒(按40 mL/kg体重),灌胃结束后测定行为学指标(醉酒耐受时间、醉酒持续时间),进一步分析血液中乙醇、乙醛质量浓度,检测肝组织中乙醇脱氢酶(alcohol dehydrogenase,ADH)、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)活性、以及血清中谷丙转氨酶(alanine transaminase,ALT)、谷草转氨酶(glutamic oxalacetic transaminase,AST)活性,以探讨山药多糖对急性酒精中毒小鼠的解酒作用。与模型对照组相比,山药多糖能显著延长醉酒耐受时间,缩短睡眠时间,降低乙醇和乙醛质量浓度,一定程度上增加肝组织中ADH、SOD活性和降低血清中ALT、AST活性。山药多糖对小鼠醉酒有较好的解酒护肝作用,其作用主要是通过减轻酒精导致的肝细胞损伤来实现。     

山西老陈醋对急性醉酒小鼠防醉及护肝作用研究

建立急性醉酒小鼠模型,将40只美国癌症研究所（ICR）小鼠随机分成空白对照组、模型组、低、高剂量醋组,并在灌胃4.0 h后,观察小鼠的的醉酒行为及小鼠肝组织病理学,并分别检测血清中乙醇含量及谷草转氨酶（ALT）、谷丙转氨酶（AST）活性和肝组织生化指标。结果表明,与模型组相比,高剂量醋组可显著延长醉酒时间至（44.00±9.35） min（P＜0.05）、醒酒时间极显著缩短至（121.25±12.71） min（P＜0.01）;血清中乙醇含量及谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、谷草转氨酶（AST）活性显著降低为（37.01±4.24） mg/100 mL、（12.83± 3.62） U/g、（14.22±1.56） U/g（P＜0.05）;肝组织中乙醇脱氢酶（ADH）活性极显著增加（P＜0.01）、乙醛脱氢酶（ALDH）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性显著增加（P＜0.05）,且丙二醛（MDA）含量显著降低（P＜0.05）。食醋组肝脏病变程度减轻,切片显示空泡面积减少。结果表明山西老陈醋具有预防小鼠醉酒和护肝作用。     

牡蛎预防醉酒及对小鼠酒精性肝损伤保护的研究

目的:研究牡蛎预防醉酒和保护肝脏的功能。方法:将小白鼠分为正常组、模型组、阳性对照组、牡蛎低剂量组、牡蛎高剂量组,通过高度白酒造成小白鼠醉酒及肝损伤模型,同时给予各组小鼠相应受试物。比较各组小鼠的醉酒耐受时间、醉酒时间、血清乙醇含量,并测定各组小鼠的肝脏指数,肝匀浆谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px),血清肝功能酶ALT、AST等指标。结果:牡蛎组与模型组相比,小白鼠的醉酒耐受时间提高,醉酒时间缩短,血清中乙醇含量降低,肝功能得到改善,并具有显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论:牡蛎具有一定的预防醉酒的作用,对酒精性肝损伤有明显的保护作用,其机制可能与抗氧化及改善肝组织病变有关。     

红枣醋对慢性酒精肝损伤的保护作用

以酒精溶液(50%,V/V,10 m L/kg)灌喂小鼠42 d,建立酒精肝损伤模型,研究红枣醋对酒精中毒引起肝损伤的保护作用。结果表明,不同剂量的红枣醋均能显著降低慢性酒精中毒小鼠血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)活性,降低血清甘油三酯(TG)和胆固醇(TC)含量以及肝脏脂质过氧化(LPO)水平,明显改善肝组织肿大;不同剂量的红枣醋均能显著提高慢性酒精中毒小鼠肝脏还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)水平,提高肝组织总超氧化物酶(T-SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)以及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性,保护小鼠肝组织抗氧化系统。肝组织病理检查结果显示,红枣醋能明显改善慢性酒精中毒引起的肝损伤,作用机制与其抑制机体脂质过氧化,增强肝脏抗氧化酶以及非酶抗氧化能力有关。     

醒酒方的解酒作用及机制研究

目的观察醒酒方的醒酒防醉作用并探讨其作用机制。方法建立小鼠乙醇急性中毒模型,随机分为正常对照组、模型组、阳性对照组、醒酒方低、中、高剂量组(3,6,12 g生药/kg),每组12只,观察各组小鼠的攀附时间、醉酒潜伏时间、持续醉酒时间、醉酒率、死亡率以及自主活动次数变化,以评价醒酒方的醒酒防醉作用。同时检测小鼠血清中丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、乙醇脱氢酶(ADH)的活性以及肝脏中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量,并观察其对肝组织形态的影响。结果醉酒后给予醒酒方药物,其各剂量组均不同程度地缩短醉酒小鼠的醉酒潜伏时间,降低醉酒率;对于持续醉酒时间,只有高剂量组有缩短作用(P0.05);其中高和中剂量组对酒精致小鼠自主活动次数降低的情况均有改善作用;醒酒方各剂量组可明显降低小鼠血清ALT、AST活性及提高ADH活性(P0.05),升高小鼠肝组织SOD活性并降低其MDA含量(P0.05);病理结果表明,醒酒方各剂量组对由乙醇引起的肝细胞变性、坏死,炎细胞浸润均有明显改善。结论醒酒方有显著的醒酒作用,这可能与其提高ADH、SOD活性,降低MDA含量等抗氧化作用有关。     

山药水溶性多糖的提取及抗氧化性研究

研究山药水溶性多糖的提取及其抗氧化作用。方法是将小鼠分别口服给予山药水溶性多糖，每天1次，连续给药15d，取血测过氧化物酶（POD）活性，取血、肝、肾测超氧化物歧化酶（sOD）活性，脂质过氧化产物（MDA）含量。山药多糖物可显著提高POD活性及血、肝、肾的SOD活性，并减少血、肝、肾组织中MDA的含量。山药水溶性多糖有提高小鼠体内过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶活性及减少脂质过氧化产物的抗氧化作用。     

酸枣多糖对小鼠CCl4急性肝损伤的作用

本实验提取酸枣多糖对其进行其体外抗氧化活性和治疗肝损伤作用的研究。用95%乙醇浸泡酸枣脱脂,再用蒸馏水浸提酸枣多糖;对酸枣多糖总糖和蛋白质含量进行测定,并探究酸枣多糖清除DPPH、羟自由基的能力;建立小鼠急性CCl4肝损伤模型,给药后分别测定血清中ALT、AST的活性,肝组织匀浆中CAT、SOD的活性以及MDA的含量;通过做肝组织的病理切片来观察酸枣多糖对小鼠肝组织的影响。体外实验结果表明酸枣多糖具有很好的体外抗氧化活性。在体内实验中,实验组与模型组相比,肝组织损伤情况得到明显改善;血清中ALT、AST活性显著下降,最高达34.33%以上;肝组织匀浆中CAT、SOD活性明显升高,最高达到35.88%以上,MDA的含量显著降低,最高达到52.07%;酸枣多糖对小鼠急性CCl4性肝损伤具有明显的治疗作用,其机制可能与调节血清酶、抗氧化物酶的活力和含量有关。     

橄榄总黄酮对小鼠急性酒精性肝损伤的保护作用

研究橄榄总黄酮对小鼠酒精性肝损伤的影响.采用白酒灌胃造成小鼠急性酒精中毒模型,检测血清中甘油三酯(TG)的含量与谷丙转氨酶(GPT)的活性及肝组织丙二醛(MDA)、谷胱甘肤(GSH)含量,用组织化学方法观察肝组织琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)、糖原的变化.结果表明,橄榄总黄酮可降低白酒所致小鼠肝组织MDA的含量、升高GSH的含量,降低小鼠血清中TG的含量;对小鼠肝组织SDH及糖原的下降有明显的抑制作用.橄榄总黄酮能对抗酒精中毒引起的肝脏脂质过氧化损伤.     

毛竹叶多糖对高脂血症小鼠的降脂利肝作用

研究毛竹叶多糖的降血脂、肝脂及促进肝损伤修复的作用。以正常小鼠作空白对照,将高脂血症脂肪肝模型小鼠分为高脂模型组、毛竹叶多糖低、中、高剂量组和血脂康阳性药物对照组,进行不同灌胃处理,测定小鼠血脂、血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、肝粗脂肪含量、肝指数及肝组织细胞形态变化。结果表明：毛竹叶多糖可显著降低小鼠血清总胆固醇(TCHO)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL);对血清高密度脂蛋白(HDL)影响不明显;可显著降低肝粗脂肪含量,改善小鼠的肝功能。     

大豆异黄酮和皂甙对扑热息痛诱导的小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用

研究了大豆异黄酮和皂甙对扑热息痛(APAP)诱导的小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用。将实验小鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、大豆异黄酮组、大豆皂甙组及联苯双酯组(阳性对照组)。每日给药1次,连续7 d。实验末期,腹腔注射APAP建立急性肝损伤模型,比色法检测血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、白蛋白(ALB)以及肝脏诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)、一氧化氮(NO)、过氧化脂质(LOOH)、丙二醛(MDA)、还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量和过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性。结果表明,大豆异黄酮和皂甙显著降低APAP诱发的急性肝损伤小鼠血清ALT、AST和ALP活性,增高血清ALB水平,降低肝iNOS活性和NO水平,减少肝LOOH和MDA含量,升高肝组织CAT、GPx、SOD活性和GSH水平。提示,大豆异黄酮和皂甙对APAP诱导的小鼠急性肝损伤具有保护作用,其机制可能与抗炎和抗氧化作用有关。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

Focus on China's Paper Industry

In the English section of this issue, 〈China Paper Newsletters〉 will introduce ＂National Development and Reform Commission Issued Announcement for Selection of Major Preliminary Research Projects for the ＇13th Five-Year Plan＇＂, ＂2013 Annual Report of China＇s Paper Industry＂, and news of projects and other policies.     

Listen to downstream & search for innovation

正Nowadays,textile enterprises are all taking efforts in transformation and upgrading,like improving producing capacity and optimizing production structure to face market downturn.It claimed a higher request to the standard of textile equipments.In the upcoming of ITMA ASIA+CITME 2014exhibition,this magazine have interviewed several branch associations and a series of relative enterprises,to summarize industrial developing status