现代果蔬贮藏保鲜技术研究进展

综述了国内外有关果蔬贮藏保鲜的新技术及研究进展情况,包括天然果蔬保鲜剂的应用、利用调压技术贮藏、臭氧及负氧离子保鲜、利用生物技术保鲜、静电场处理贮藏、低剂量辐射处理和紫外线处理保鲜以及细胞水结构化气调保鲜等国内外近几年发展起来的现代果蔬贮藏保鲜技术.     

果蔬贮藏保鲜产业现状、研究进展与科技支持

简要介绍了我国果蔬贮藏保鲜的现状,指出了当前果蔬贮藏的主要问题。论述了国内外有关果蔬贮藏保鲜的新技术及研究进展情况,包括:天然果蔬保鲜剂的研究、利用调压技术贮藏、臭氧及负氧离子保鲜、利用生物技术保鲜、静电场处理贮藏、低剂量辐射处理和紫外线处理保鲜以及细胞水结构化气调保鲜等国内外近几年发展起来的现代果蔬贮藏保鲜技术。并阐述了科技对我国果蔬贮藏保鲜产业的支撑作用。     

ε-聚赖氨酸在果蔬采后贮藏保鲜中的应用研究进展

ε-聚赖氨酸（ε-polylysine,ε-PL）是一种天然、安全性高的阳离子多肽,具有抑菌谱广、水溶性好、热稳定性好等诸多的优点,中国、日本、韩国等国已经批准其作为安全的食品防腐剂。近来,越来越多研究发现,ε-PL能够显著抑制果蔬中多种常见病原菌,已经被广泛应用于果蔬的防腐保鲜研究。尤其ε-PL与其它抗菌剂、保鲜剂、物理保鲜方法进行联合使用后,能有效协同增强其保鲜效果。该文根据近年来国内外的研究,就ε-PL对果蔬中常见病原菌的抑制作用,以及其单独或与其它保鲜方法联合应用于采后果蔬保鲜中的现状进行了综述,并讨论了其未来应用研究的前景,以期为ε-PL在果蔬采后保鲜中的深入研究及应用提供参考。     

植物源防腐剂在果蔬保鲜中应用研究进展

果蔬采后保鲜是关系到农业可持续发展的重要问题,采用低毒、高效、安全的天然植物源防腐剂对果蔬进行保鲜是今后研究的重点.本文对近年来国内外植物源防腐剂的植物资源、抑菌活性成分、抑菌机理及在果蔬保鲜中的应用现状进行了综述,并提出植物源防腐剂研发中存在的问题及展望.     

微生物在果蔬贮藏保鲜中的应用研究进展

果蔬采后易腐败变质,只有进行保鲜处理才能维持品质,延长货架期。化学保鲜剂对于保持果蔬采后品质效果显著,但存在健康威胁、环境污染、抗药性等问题。以微生物为主体的生物保鲜技术作为一种安全、有效、环境友好、极具潜力的果蔬保鲜手段逐渐成为研究热点,被视为替代化学保鲜剂,满足人们对果蔬天然、安全诉求的有效手段之一。本文综述了微生物在果蔬贮藏保鲜中的应用研究现状,讨论了存在的问题及发展前景,以期为微生物在果蔬保鲜领域的应用提供参考。     

柠檬烯抑菌机理及其在果蔬保鲜中应用的研究进展

果蔬在采后贮藏保鲜过程中极易被微生物侵染而腐烂变质,这严重影响其货架期与质量安全,甚至较大经济损失。为此,研发具有抑菌效果显著、生物安全性高的天然防腐剂一直是果蔬保鲜领域学者关注的热点。柠檬烯因具有广谱抑菌性且安全性佳,已被广泛应用于果蔬保鲜领域。本文主要论述了柠檬烯的抑菌机理及在果蔬保鲜领域中的应用,并讨论了其未来的发展方向,以期为柠檬烯在果蔬及其他食品保鲜中的进一步研究和应用提供参考。     

生物保鲜剂结合物理技术在果蔬保鲜中应用的研究进展

生物保鲜剂因天然、安全、无毒等特点而广泛应用于果蔬保鲜领域,且越来越受到国内外研究者的关注。生物保鲜剂与物理保鲜技术组合的保鲜方式,具有协同和互补作用,能够达到更好的保鲜效果。本文概述了果蔬采后劣变的机制,详细阐述了近几年生物保鲜剂与低温、气调、臭氧、辐照、微波、超声波、超高压、高压脉冲电场等物理保鲜技术组合在果蔬保鲜中的应用研究进展,并总结了组合保鲜技术的优势和不足。旨在为生物保鲜剂的开发应用及组合保鲜方式的探究提供参考。     

果蔬可食性保鲜涂膜技术应用及机理最新研究进展

在全球关注合成塑料包装危害的背景下，天然生物降解包装材料在食品包装中受到越来越多的关注。在过去十年中，将可食用涂层作为替代合成塑料包装用于水果和蔬菜的保鲜方法一直是研究的重点。该文综述了可食性涂膜在果蔬采后领域的最新研究成果，分析了脂质基、多糖基和蛋白质基可食性涂膜用于果蔬保鲜时的优势与短板，指出多种成膜基质复配并适当添加具有改善膜特性及抑菌等功能性结合材料的复合型可食性涂膜是该领域未来发展方向。在此基础上，总结了果蔬可食性涂膜保鲜机理，对未来创新、开发和应用进行了展望，以期为未来果蔬采后生产实践中进一步提质降损提供研究思路。     

天然涂膜材料在柑橘贮藏中的应用研究进展

涂膜保鲜是柑橘采后处理的重要环节,随着人们对果蔬保鲜要求的不断提高,天然涂膜材料在果蔬保鲜中的应用也越来越广泛 . 目前应用于柑橘果实涂膜保鲜的天然涂膜材料主要有蜡与胶类、壳聚糖、刺槐豆胶、魔芋葡甘聚糖类以及蔗糖甲基丙烯单酯等. 本文综述了以上天然涂膜材料在柑橘贮藏中的应用研究进展.     

果蔬天然保鲜剂研究现状及进展

果蔬采后具易腐性,而目前通用的化学保鲜剂均具一定毒性,故天然无毒保鲜剂是未来的发展方向。详述了动物、植物及微生物三种不同来源天然果蔬保鲜剂的国内外研究现状,总结了果蔬天然保鲜剂研究与开发中存在的问题,并对其应用前景进行了展望。     

Probiotics and prebiotics--perspectives and challenges

Owing to their health benefits, probiotics and prebiotics are nowadays widely used in yogurts and fermented milks, which are leader products of functional foods worldwide. The world market for functional foods has grown rapidly in the last three decades, with an estimated size in 2003 of ca US$ 33 billion, while the European market estimation exceeded US$ 2 billion in the same year. However, the production of probiotics and prebiotics at industrial scale faces several challenges, including the search for economical and abundant raw materials for prebiotic production, the low-cost production of probiotics and the improvement of probiotic viability after storage or during the manufacturing process of the functional food. In this review, functional foods based on probiotics and prebiotics are introduced as a key biotechnological field with tremendous potential for innovation. A concise state of the art addressing the fundamentals and challenges for the development of new probiotic- and prebiotic-based foods is presented, the niches for future research being clearly identified and discussed.     

常用消毒灭菌法及其机理与应用

介绍了采用消毒灭菌方法,有加热消毒法,紫外线辐射法和化学药剂消毒法。常用化学药剂有醛类、含氯消毒剂、醇类消毒剂以及高锰酸钾、生石灰等,阐释了消毒与灭菌两个概念的区别。     

益生素、益生菌与结肠癌

介绍了益生素和益生菌及其作用机理。在动物模型中，有大量的数据证实益生素和益生菌能够预防癌症．而在人体内还没有直接实验证据。它们抑制癌症的确切机理目前尚不清楚，其抑制机理可能是：肠道菌群代谢活动的改变，肠道理化环境的改变，潜在的致癌物质的黏附和降解，肠道菌群的改变、抗癌或抗诱变物质的形成、提高宿主的免疫应答、影响宿主的生理活动以及发酵不能被消化的食物并形成有益代谢产物。     

节能节水型印染助剂和设备的现状

从节能、节水、缩短工艺流程和环保的角度出发，介绍了国内外研制开发的一系列新型节能、节水型印染助剂和染整设备。     

European citizen and consumer attitudes and preferences regarding beef and pork

This paper presents the combined mid-term findings of the consumer research components of two EU Sixth Framework Programme integrated projects concerning meat, ProSafeBeef and Q-PorkChains. The consumer pillar of ProSafeBeef carried out eight focus group discussions in May 2008, in France, Germany, Spain and the UK. Q-PorkChains conducted a large-scale, web-based, consumer survey in January 2008 in Belgium, Denmark, Germany, Greece and Poland. The first project provides a set of qualitative data from a small cohort of focus groups and the second a set of quantitative data from a larger consumer sample. This paper draws together the main findings of both projects and provides a comprehensive overview of European citizens’ and consumers’ attitudes towards and preferences regarding beef and pork. In general, consumers consider meat to be a healthy and important component of the diet. Consumers support the development of technologies that can improve the health attributes of meat products and guarantee eating quality, but they have a negative view of what they see to be excessive manipulation and lack of naturalness in the production and processing of beef products. In the Q-PorkChains study consumer and citizen segments are identified and profiled. Consumer segments were built upon the frequency and variety of pork consumption. The citizen segments were built upon their attitudes towards pig production systems. Overall, the relationship between individuals’ views as citizens and their behaviour as consumers was found to be quite weak and did not appear to greatly or systematically influence meat-buying habits. Future studies in both projects will concentrate on consumers’ acceptance of innovative meat product concepts and products, with the aim of boosting consumer trust and invigorating the European beef and pork industries.     

Heritability and correlations for body condition score and dairy form within and across lactation and age

The objectives of the current study were to investigate the relationship between body condition score (BCS) and dairy form and changes in genetic parameters for BCS and dairy form within and across lactations and age. Body condition score and dairy form were obtained from the Holstein Association USA, Inc. Records were edited to include those cows classified between 24 and 60 mo of age and between 0 and 335 d in milk (DIM). A minimum of 20 daughters per sire and 15 cows per herd-classification visit were required. The dataset consisted of 135,178 records from 119,215 cows. Repeatability, multiple trait, and random regression models were used to analyze the data. All models included fixed effects for herd-classification visit, age within lactations 1, 2, and 3 or higher, and 5th-order polynomials for DIM. Random effects included sire and permanent environment for all models. Random regression models included age at classification nested within sire or DIM and lactation number nested within sire. Genetic variance for both BCS and dairy form was lowest in early lactation and highest in midlactation. Genetic correlations within and across lactations were high. The genetic correlation between DIM 0 in lactation 1 and DIM 305 in lactation 3 was estimated to be 0.77 for BCS and 0.60 for dairy form. The genetic correlation estimate between 30 mo of age at classification and 50 mo of age at classification was 0.94 for both dairy form and BCS. The repeatability models appeared to generate accurate evaluations for BCS or dairy form at all ages and stages of lactation.     

原花色素及其开发应用

对原花色素的结构、化学特性、制备、分析方法、应用前景作一综述,并重点讨论其生理功能,为在功能性食品、药物、化妆品等领域的深入研究和开发提供参考。     

组学技术与果蔬采后质量和安全控制

果蔬可以提供营养, 有利于人类健康, 而果蔬的后熟及其与环境的相互作用会影响果蔬采后的质量和安全。对果蔬生物学过程的了解和掌握是减少果蔬采后损失和保障果蔬采后质量和安全的关键。在过去的10多年, 基于组学技术的系统生物学在了解果蔬后熟及其与环境相互作用的分子机制方面得到了越来越多的应用。本文对此做了细致的总结, 指出了存在的不足, 并提出了未来的发展方向。     

毛霉型低盐速成豆豉工业化生产工艺与设备

本文介绍了毛霉型低盐速成豆豉的工业化生产工艺及生产线的关键设备。     

天然香精香料与生物技术

天然香精香料是高价值的精细化工产品和食品添加剂,但原料来源有限且提取成本高。利用生物技术生产这类产品具有广阔的前景。简述了发酵工程、酶工程、细胞工程和基因工程在香精香料中的应用,并探讨了生物技术在香精香料中的应用前景。