液相色谱串联质谱法测定烟用香精香料中的亚硝胺

建立了液相色谱串联质谱法(LC-MS/MS)测定烟用香精及料液中N-亚硝基去甲基烟碱(NNN)、N-亚硝基假木贼碱(NAB)、N-亚硝基新烟草碱(NAT)和4-(N-甲基-N-亚硝胺)-1-(3-吡啶基)-丁酮(NNK)4种烟草特有亚硝胺(TSNAs)的方法。样品采用含0.1 mol/L的醋酸铵甲醇水溶液溶解提取,在C18色谱柱上采用梯度洗脱分离目标物和干扰物,电喷雾正离子模式下,多反应检测模式测定。结果表明,4种TSNAs的检测限(S/N=3)和定量限(S/N=10)分别为0.4~1.6 ng/g和1.4~4.8 ng/g,标准工作液在1~50 ng/L的范围内线性良好,相关系数均大于0.9995,高中低三个浓度水平的加标回收率在93.5%~105.9%之间,6次重复实验的RSD范围为1.8%~4.7%,均小于5%。使用该方法分析测定了8个市售烟用香精香料样品,其中3个样品检测到TSNAs。该方法准确、灵敏,适用于烟用香精及料液样品中TSNAs的分析检测。     

UPLC-MS/MS法同时测定烟叶中的TSNAs

为快速准确测定烟叶中的烟草特有亚硝胺(TSNAs),优化改进了LC-MS/MS法中样品的前处理条件,建立了测定烟叶中TSNAs的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)方法。结果表明:1用乙酸乙酯萃取代替固相萃取对TSNAs进行纯化,操作快速准确,更适合大批量样品的分析;2N-亚硝基降烟碱(NNN)、4-(N-甲基-N-亚硝基氨基)-1-(3-吡啶基)-1-丁酮(NNK)、N-亚硝基新烟草碱(NAT)、N-亚硝基假木贼碱(NAB)的定量限分别为4.22、2.38、1.29和0.72 ng/g,加标回收率在87.7%~107.0%之间。     

无烟气烟草制品中TSNAs的分析研究

用100 mmol/L乙酸铵溶液萃取样品后,用0.22μm水相针式过滤器过滤,采用液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱(LC-ESI MS/MS)测定烟草特有N-亚硝胺,建立了无烟气烟草制品中4种烟草特有N-亚硝胺(TSNAs)的同时测定方法。利用建立的方法测定了72个不同品牌种类的无烟气烟草制品中TSNAs的含量。结果表明,N-亚硝基降烟碱(NNN)、4-(亚硝基甲氨基)-1-(3-吡啶基)-1-丁酮(NNK)、N-亚硝基新烟草碱(NAT)和N-亚硝基假木贼碱(NAB)的检出限分别是0.03、0.08、0.03和0.02 ng/mL,回收率在93.17%-105.25%之间,精密度在2.03%-4.80%之间。方法的检测限低,特异性好,适合于无烟气烟草制品中TSNAs的检测。实验发现不同品牌的无烟气烟草制品TSNAs的含量差别较大,TSNAs的总含量范围从0.54μg/g到31.91μg/g,相差59倍,平均含量为5.06μg/g。     

四氮杂杯[2]芳烃[2]三嗪键合硅胶固相萃取/HPLC-MS/MS法测定家兔血浆中的TSNAs

为了准确测定家兔血浆中的烟草特有N-亚硝胺(TSNAs),制备了四氮杂杯[2]芳烃[2]三嗪键合硅胶(NCS)固相萃取柱,并通过对NCS固相萃取、色谱及质谱条件的优化,建立了测定家兔血浆中的N-亚硝基降烟碱(NNN)、4-(N-甲基亚硝胺基)-1-(3-吡啶基)-1-丁酮(NNK)、4-(N-甲基亚硝胺基)-1-(3-吡啶基)-1-丁醇(NNAL)、N-亚硝基新烟草碱(NAT)和N-亚硝基假木贼碱(NAB)5种TSNAs的NCS固相萃取/HPLC-MS/MS方法.结果表明:NCS固相萃取柱对家兔血浆中5种TSNAs的萃取效率优于商品化的C18固相萃取柱;5种TSNAs的检测限为0.0092～0.0590 ng/mL,回收率和相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为90.1％～113.3％和0.95％～7.22％.该方法简单、准确,适合于家兔血浆中TSNAs的检测.     

啤酒和腊肠中N,N-二甲基亚硝胺的测定

目的建立气相色谱-质谱法(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS)测定啤酒和腊肠中N,N-二甲基亚硝胺的方法。方法试样经二氯甲烷超声提取、离心,SILICA/PSA玻璃柱净化后气相色谱/质谱仪直接测定,D6-N,N-二甲基亚硝胺内标法定量。结果加标回收率范围为66.9%~103.4%,相对标准偏差(RSD)在2.5%~7.7%。将该方法用于实际样品分析,30份啤酒中均未检出N,N-二甲基亚硝胺,8份腊肠样品中检出2份阳性样品,含量均低于肉制品中N,N-二甲基亚硝胺限量值3.0μg/kg。结论此方法简便快速,灵敏度较高,可以用于啤酒和腊肠中N,N-二甲基亚硝胺的准确定量。     

国外口含型无烟气烟草制品总烟碱、游离烟碱和烟草特有亚硝胺含量分析

采用CORESTA推荐方法测定了65种国外口含型无烟气烟草制品样品的含水率、烟碱、pH、游离烟碱和4种烟草特有亚硝胺(TSNAs).结果表明,口含型无烟气烟草制品的各项化学指标差异显著:含水率为12.07％ ～55.58％;pH为5.55～8.98;以湿重计,烟碱含量为5.41 ～27.68 mg/g,释放游离烟碱含量为0.63 ～ 10.46 mg/g,游离烟碱释放率为7.8％～72.3％;N-亚硝基降烟碱(NNN)为0.31～17.00 μg/g,4-(N-亚硝基甲胺基)-1-(3-吡啶基)-1-丁酮(NNK)为0.07～6.00μg,/g,N-亚硝基新烟草碱(NAT)为0.11 ～6.51 μg/g,N-亚硝基假木贼碱(NAB)为0.01 ～2.54μg/g,同一样品中4种TSNAs总含量为0.54～31.91μg/g.     

氢氧化钡处理-活性炭柱固相萃取/GC-MS/MS检测腌制蔬菜中7种挥发性N-亚硝胺

建立氢氧化钡处理,活性炭柱固相萃取,气相色谱-串联质谱法(GC-MS/MS)检测腌制蔬菜中挥发性N-亚硝胺的新方法。将10 g腌制蔬菜样品加入N-二甲基亚硝胺-d6和N-二丙基亚硝胺-d14内标于50 mL离心管中,经80℃密闭处理1h,离心分离,活性炭柱固相萃取,以DB-1701柱(30 m×0.25 mm×0.25μm)气相色谱分离,串联质谱多重反应监测模式进行检测。结果表明,本法可实现对批量腌制蔬菜样本中7种N-亚硝胺的检测,其中N-二丙基亚硝胺(NDPA)的检出限和定量限分别≤0.08 ng/g和≤0.2 ng/g,N-二甲基亚硝胺(NDMA)等其它6种N-亚硝胺检出限和定量限分别≤0.04 ng/g和≤0.1 ng/g;考察质量浓度范围内(1～100 ng/mL),线性良好,R2≥0.9993;0.1,1.0和5.0 ng/g三水平的加标回收率为82.1%～125.6%,相对标准偏差为0.10%～11.8%。对超市腌制蔬菜的抽样(n=46)监测表明,NDMA、N-亚硝基吗啉(NMOR)和N-亚硝基吡咯烷(NPYR)检出率为100%,N-二乙基亚硝胺(NDEA)、NDPA、N-亚硝基哌啶(NPIP)的检出率为71%～88%,N-甲乙基亚硝胺(NMEA)未检出;除NPYR含量较高,最高值为4.71 ng/g外,其它N-亚硝胺含量均在1 ng/g以下;腌制蔬菜中N-亚硝胺处于较安全水平。     

吹扫捕集-气相色谱-质谱法测定啤酒中8种亚硝胺类化合物

目的建立吹扫捕集-气相色谱-质谱法测定啤酒中8种亚硝胺类化合物的含量。方法啤酒通过吹扫捕集并经毛细管色谱柱分离,采用气相色谱-质谱法检测,以内标法定量。结果 8种亚硝胺类化合物(包括N-亚硝基二甲胺、N-亚硝基甲乙胺、N-亚硝基二乙胺、N-亚硝基二丙胺、N-亚硝基吡咯烷、N-亚硝基哌啶、N-亚硝基二丁胺和N-亚硝基二苯胺)在0.5~100.0μg/L的线性范围内呈现较好的线性关系,相关系数r均大于0.99。方法的检出限为0.20~0.35μg/L,平均回收率在78.1%~95.7%之间,相对标准偏差在2.5%~9.8%之间。结论该方法操作简单快捷,灵敏度和准确度均较高,可满足啤酒8种亚硝胺类化合物的检测。     

LC-MS/MS法测定口含烟中的4种亚硝基氨基酸

建立了液相色谱-四级杆串接质谱（LC-MS/MS）测定口含烟中N-亚硝基肌氨酸（NSAR）、3-（N-甲基亚硝基氨基）丙酸（MNPA）、4-（N-甲基亚硝基氨基）丁酸（MNBA）、亚硝基氮杂环丁烷-2-羧酸（NAzCA）的分析方法。样品经水萃取,硅藻土液液萃取柱净化后浓缩,进LC-MS-MS分析。结果表明:① NSAR、NAzCA、MNPA、MNBA的检出限分别为5.0 ng/g、2.4 ng/g、5.7 ng/g、1.4 ng/g,日内精密度小于6.5%,日间精密度小于9.4%,回收率在77.7%~111%之间。②分析了国内外14种口含烟,胶基型和含化型制品未检出4种亚硝基氨基酸;口含型样品中部分检出NSAR、NAzCA,均检出MNPA及MNBA,含量范围分别为ND~128.3 ng/g、ND~141.6 ng/g、1687.1~2424.1 ng/g、65.0~199.5 ng/g。该方法简单、准确,适用于口含烟中4种亚硝基氨基酸的分析。      

氢氧化钡处理-二氯甲烷萃取/GC-MS/MS检测几种水产品和加工肉制品中的7种N-亚硝胺

建立了氢氧化钡处理结合二氯甲烷萃取进行样品处理,气相色谱-串联质谱法检测几种水产品和加工肉制品中7种N-亚硝胺的新方法。以N-亚硝基二甲胺-d6、N-亚硝基二正丙胺-d14和N-亚硝基吡咯烷-d8为内标,10 g样品于50 mL离心管中经氢氧化钡溶液一步处理,离心后上清液再经二氯甲烷一次萃取,旋蒸浓缩至5 mL,氮吹至1 mL,DB-WAXUI柱(30 m×250 μm×0. 25 μm)进行色谱分离,多反应监测(MRM)模式进行质谱检测。该方法样品处理简便易行,7种N-亚硝胺在1~100 ng/mL浓度范围内线性良好(R2 > 0. 999);检出限为0.08~0.23 μg/kg,定量限为0.25~0.76 μg/kg;添加回收率为71.6%~133.8%,RSD为2.04%~17.1%。对市售9个鱼虾和8个加工肉制品的实际检测显示,N-亚硝基二甲胺的含量均在安全范围内。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

Focus on China's Paper Industry

In the English section of this issue, 〈China Paper Newsletters〉 will introduce ＂National Development and Reform Commission Issued Announcement for Selection of Major Preliminary Research Projects for the ＇13th Five-Year Plan＇＂, ＂2013 Annual Report of China＇s Paper Industry＂, and news of projects and other policies.     

Listen to downstream & search for innovation

正Nowadays,textile enterprises are all taking efforts in transformation and upgrading,like improving producing capacity and optimizing production structure to face market downturn.It claimed a higher request to the standard of textile equipments.In the upcoming of ITMA ASIA+CITME 2014exhibition,this magazine have interviewed several branch associations and a series of relative enterprises,to summarize industrial developing status