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牛奶营养丰富,奶香诱人,已成为城乡人民喜爱的食品之一。科学研究表明,牛奶中至少含有100余种营养成份,主要由脂肪、蛋白质、乳糖、维生素、盐类、酶类和水等组成。其水中含87~89%,总乳固体11~13%,脂肪3~5%,蛋白质3~3.5%,乳糖、4.5~4.9%,无机盐0.6~0.8%。无机盐主要有钾、钙、磷、硫、氯及微量成份,维生素主要有V_(B2),还有V_A、V_C、V_D;酶类主要有过氧化酶、还原酶、解脂酶、磷酸酶等。这些成份都具有一定的生物活性和医疗保健作用。随着科学技术发展,可将牛奶加工制成具有滋补养颜、防治疾病的保健乳制品。 相似文献
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探讨牛乳中蛋白质、脂肪、乳糖和游离脂肪酸含量对卡布奇诺咖啡牛奶起泡性和泡沫稳定性的影响。研究结果表明:牛乳中蛋白质含量在2.8%~3.2%范围内,乳蛋白质含量与牛奶的起泡性和泡沫稳定性呈正相关性,蛋白质浓度越高牛奶的起泡性和泡沫稳定性越好;乳脂肪含量在0.5%~3.7%范围内,随乳脂肪含量的升高,牛奶的起泡性是缓慢提高,而泡沫稳定性相反是缓慢降低;乳糖含量在4.7%~5.5%范围内,随着乳糖含量的增加,牛奶起泡性降低,而泡沫稳定性提高;乳中游离脂肪酸含量在0.31 mmol/L~2.35 mmol/L范围内,随牛乳中游离脂肪酸含量增加,牛奶的起泡性和泡沫稳定性都呈显著降低。 相似文献
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牛奶是一种营养丰富的食品.牛奶中含有约5%的乳糖.而人体内缺乏能够分解代谢乳糖的乳糖酶,饮食牛奶后,会引起消化不良等 相似文献
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有机乳制品正在成为消费日益增多的有机食品品类,相比较于传统牛奶,有机牛奶含有更高水平的n-3脂肪酸和共轭亚油酸、维生素A、β-胡萝卜素以及α-生育酚,但含有较低水平的碘。蛋白质和脂肪含量在两种牛奶中的研究结果并不一致,乳糖含量没有差异。关于有机乳制品的营养成分含量,还需要进一步的研究。 相似文献
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采用毛细管电泳方法对乳及乳制品中乳源蛋白成分进行检测.选择聚乙烯醇涂层毛细管,采用柠檬酸缓冲体系,在紫外检测214 nm、分离电压20 kV条件下对乳及乳制品中的α-乳白蛋白(α-La)、β-乳球蛋白(β3-Lg)、α-酪蛋白(α-CN)、β-酪蛋白(β-N)和k-酪蛋白(k-N)进行分离测定.五种蛋白线性良好,线性相关系数均大于0.997 8,各蛋白峰面积的相对标准偏差为1.76%~3.28%,加标回收率范围为88.1%~110.8%.应用该方法对液态奶、酸奶及奶粉中的乳源蛋白进行测定.本法准确、简便、易行,适于测定液态奶、酸奶、奶粉中蛋白质的检测. 相似文献
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在我们迈向工业文明的步伐逐渐加快的同时,却不得不审视历史遗留下来社会结构的隐痛,作为担当"强壮一个民族"和拉动农业产业变革的重任,乳业无疑是最具有中国特色的一个产业. 相似文献
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A 2-yr study of 384 milk producers on nine milk routes was undertaken to investigate fresh milk (unpreserved) sampling for centralized milk testing for payment purposes. Duration of the mixing period in the farm bulk tank was a major variable in obtaining fresh milk samples for analysis. Automatic sampling comparable to sampling from bulk tanks agitated for 10 min. The sampling frequency required for a mean milk fat content representative of each herd was calculated from the standard deviation of the fat test in the herds. The distribution of accuracies among herds varied with frequency of testing. At four samples per month 53.7, 89.8, 97.7, and 98.1% of the herds had accuracies within 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5% of the annual mean. If herd standard deviations could be reduced to .2% or less with improved mixing, 59.2, 98.9, and 100% of the herds would have had accuracies within 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0% of the annual mean by four tests per month. Tests on fresh milk gave higher averages than those on composite samples by .035, .037 and .025% for fat, protein, and lactose. Fresh milk sampling is technically feasible by automatic sampling or by manual sampling and improved agitation. Either could improve results of the present composite system. 相似文献
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Out of 208 samples of dairy products, 17.8% contained thermonuclease. Staphylococcal TNase (6-49 μg/100 mL or g) was detected in 14.4% samples that also contained TNase positive S. aureus and their enterotoxins. Enterotoxin A was recorded most frequently. Incidence of TNase was maximum (30.4%) in raw cow's milk followed by nonfat dry cow's milk (25.9%) and Kulfli (25.0%). The most frequent contaminants in the seven nonstaphylococcal TNase positive samples (6 – 16 μg per 100 mL org) were TNase-positive enterococci. TNase-positive B. cereus was recovered from a TNase-positive sweetened condensed milk sample. Unidentifiable TNase producing molds were detected in three TNase-positive samples. 相似文献
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