马铃薯薯泥对方便米粉综合品质影响的相关性研究

为探讨马铃薯薯泥对方便米粉品质的影响,添加不同比例马铃薯薯泥研究其混合粉基本成分及对方便米粉色泽(L、a、b)、冲泡品质(复水时间、复水率、吐浆值、断条率)、感官品质、糊化度及质构品质(弹性、胶着性、回复性、硬度、咀嚼性、粘性、拉伸性)的影响,通过相关性分析建立混合粉指标与方便米粉品质间的相关性。结果表明:随着马铃薯薯泥添加量的增加,方便米粉色泽呈暗黄趋势变化;适当添加马铃薯薯泥(10-30%),可以改善方便米粉的冲泡品质、感官品质、质构品质,提高挤出方便米粉的糊化度,方便米粉的食用品质较好,综合考虑米粉质量及产品成本,马铃薯薯泥最佳添加量为10-25%。方便米粉的复水率与粗淀粉、粗蛋白和灰分含量呈极显著负相关,与粗纤维含量呈极显著正相关;复水时间与粗淀粉、粗蛋白和灰分含量呈极显著正相关,与粗纤维含量呈极显著负相关;方便米粉的糊化度与粗淀粉、粗蛋白和灰分含量呈显著负相关,与粗纤维含量呈显著正相关。这从侧面说明马铃薯薯泥的基础成分对方便米粉的冲泡特性和糊化度会产生一定的影响,为马铃薯方便米粉加工过程中薯泥添加量的选择提供实践依据。     

四川地方大米品种特性对方便米粉品质的影响

以四川省农业科学研究院试验区筛选出的7种优质杂交水稻为研究对象,米粉工业常用大米作对照,通过测定原料基本成分、米粉感官品质、蒸煮品质和质构特性等指标,研究不同品种四川地方大米原料对方便米粉品质的影响,通过相关分析建立大米原料品种指标与米粉品质间的相关性。结果表明:原料米品种对方便米粉感官品质、蒸煮品质、质构特性的均有显著影响。米粉的劲道、爽滑、风味等感官指标及其综合评分,质构特性与大米直链淀粉含量均呈显著的正相关性。米粉的断条率、复水时间与大米的直链淀粉含量、蛋白质含量呈显著的负相关性,与大米的支链淀粉含量、粗脂肪含量呈显著的正相关性(P0.05或P0.01)。当大米直链淀粉含量在21.40%～25.61%时,米粉感官品质、硬度、拉伸长度和断条率均最优。采用本实验方法制作米粉时,4#、5#、6#这3种大米加工的米粉品质较好,为进一步确定四川方便米粉原料标准化提供了参考依据。     

方便米粉加工原料的选择研究

采用湖北省广泛种植的21个品种稻米生产方便米粉,通过回归分析和聚类分析,探讨了稻米主要成分与方便米粉品质之间的关系,并建立方便米粉生产原料的选择模型,为方便米粉专用稻的生产和方便米粉加工原料的选择提供依据.结果表明,稻米的淀粉含量、直链淀粉含量等与方便米粉的滋味、口感、色泽等感官品质呈极显著或显著相关;用稻米的直链淀粉含量和蛋白质含量或脂肪含量的幂指数模型预测方便米粉的感官品质,可以达到极显著水平;直链淀粉含量中高(10%～17.5%),蛋白质含量中高等(7.1%以上)的稻米适于加工方便米粉.     

大米淀粉特性与米线品质关系的研究

文章分析了14个稻米品种的淀粉特性,探讨了大米淀粉特性与米线品质的关系,并分别建立了米线品质各指标与直链淀粉含量、淀粉的溶解度、膨胀力和老化特性之间的回归模型。结果表明:直链淀粉含量对米线品质影响最大;直链淀粉含量、淀粉的溶解度、膨胀力和老化特性4个因素对米线煮沸损失、复水时间、断条率和口感都有显著影响;而对加工效果影响显著的只有直链淀粉含量。     

复配粉理化性质与米线质构性质关系的研究

将粳米粉与绿豆淀粉按照一定比例进行混合,得到粳米粉和绿豆淀粉的复配粉体系,并测定了复配粉体系的溶胀性质、糊化性质、凝胶质构性质和拉伸性质,研究了复配米粉体系的拉伸性质与米线质构性质的关系。结果表明:随着绿豆淀粉添加量比例的增加,复配米粉体系的总直链淀粉含量、可溶性直链淀粉含量和不溶性直链淀粉含量明显增加,峰值黏度、谷值黏度、末值黏度、硬度也显著性增加,咀嚼性、拉伸强度和表观弹性模量显著增加,85℃下的溶解度和膨润力显著上升;糊化温度显著降低;衰减值和回生值分别比粳米粉高了33.73 RVU和50.60 RVU;与单一体系相比,由复配粉体系制成的米线呈现较好的硬度、弹性、韧性、蒸煮性和物理性质。当绿豆淀粉∶粳米粉为1∶1时,其制得的米粉的质构性质最好。     

不同品种小米淀粉品质特性研究

选取山东农科院提供4种小米(济12、济13、保18、复1)及山东省部分地区种植2种小米(市1、市2)作为研究对象,采用1%SDS法提取小米淀粉,对不同品种小米淀粉直链淀粉含量、可溶直链淀粉含量、凝沉性、膨润性、溶解度等进行研究,并对淀粉理化指标进行相关性分析。结果显示,不同品种小米直链淀粉含量为2.27%~31.98%,其中以市1品种含量最高;复1和市2膨润力和溶解度最大;凝沉性排列次序为:高直链小米淀粉(市1)>中直链小米淀粉(济12、济13、保18)>低直链小米淀粉(复1、市2);淀粉理化指标间进行相关性分析结论为:溶解度、膨润力、凝沉体积皆与直链淀粉含量呈显著负相关。     

不同品种籼米直链淀粉含量对米线加工特性和品质的影响

为了研究籼米中直链淀粉对米线加工特性和品质的影响,以直链淀粉含量介于10.26%~24.91%的籼米品种为研究对象,对其加工成米线的理化指标、蒸煮品质、晶体结构、质构特性、消化特性以及感官评价进行测定分析。结果表明:随着直链淀粉含量升高,籼米的结晶度逐渐降低;籼米中To、Tp、Tc、ΔH等热力学特性均呈现升高趋势;米线成品蒸煮品质中复水时间升高,蒸煮损失率、断条率降低;米线的咀嚼性和硬度明显升高,米线制作过程中导致籼米淀粉结晶度的增加。当籼米直链淀粉含量为22.52%时,米线感官评价最佳,达到75.9分。体外消化实验结果表明,煮熟的米线最终水解率最高,籼米的最终水解率最低;并且直链淀粉含量与体外消化率呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。选用直链淀粉含量在22.52%左右的籼米加工的米线具有较好的加工品质和较低的消化特性,此研究为具有低消化特性且品质高的米线研制提供了一定的理论依据。     

干燥方法对方便米粉老化特性的影响

以Rapid Visco Analyser(RVA)、X-衍射和FTIR为检测手段,研究了不同干燥方法(冷冻干燥、热风干燥、微波干燥)对方便米粉老化特性的影响。结果表明,热风干燥后得到的方便米粉,其红外1 047/1 022 cm-1处吸光度比值、结晶度、糊化温度、回生值最大,表明其老化程度最大,而冷冻干燥制得的方便米粉老化程度最小,微波干燥其次。对不同干燥方法下得到的方便米粉的复水率和复水时间进行研究,冷冻干燥的复水性最好,热风干燥的复水性最差。方便米粉的复水性能,可能与其在干燥过程中的老化程度有关。     

玉米直链淀粉的制备及理化性质的研究

以玉米淀粉为原料,分别采用化学法和酶法进行玉米直链淀粉的制备,并对三种淀粉的溶解度与膨润力、颗粒形貌、糊化等特性进行了对比研究。实验表明,化学法直链淀粉最终直链含量为87.085%,酶解淀粉表观直链淀粉含量为78.516%,在糊化过程中酶法淀粉需要的能量比化学法低,溶解度和膨润力较为适中,耗时短,原料损失较少,总体比较,酶法制备较为省时省力,适合大规模生产。     

老化处理对玉米中淀粉含量及其糊化与消化特性的影响

通过对玉米进行老化处理,模拟老化后的生理状态,研究其淀粉含量、淀粉酶活性、淀粉糊化特性及消化性变化规律对人工老化处理的响应,以期为玉米淀粉应用及玉米合理储藏提供理论参考。以郑单958、伟科702、浚单29为材料,采用高温高湿(42℃、100%RH)人工老化的方法,分析玉米淀粉含量、总淀粉酶活性、α-淀粉酶活性、淀粉去分支酶活性、淀粉糊化特性及消化性与老化时间的相关性。结果表明:玉米总淀粉含量、支链淀粉含量、快速消化淀粉含量、总淀粉酶、α-淀粉酶及淀粉去分支酶活性与老化时间呈显著负相关(p<0.05),总淀粉及支链淀粉含量下降率幅度分别为3.98%~7.07%、4.20%~6.37%,酶活下降率幅度40.47%~55.71%;直链淀粉含量、慢消化淀粉、抗性淀粉含量及峰值时间与老化时间呈显著正相关(p<0.05),直链淀粉含量增加率幅度为13.92%~20.89%,峰值时间增加范围为0.47 mim~0.66 min;淀粉的峰值黏度、低谷黏度、最终黏度、崩解值、消减值与老化时间呈显著负相关(p<0.05),对照组及老化处理8 d,郑单958淀粉峰值黏度、低谷黏度、最终黏度、崩解值、消减值均高于伟科702及浚单29。     

Processing properties of Korean rice varieties in relation to rice noodle quality

The purpose of this study was to investigate the physicochemical and pasting properties of rice developed in Korea in relation to noodle quality. Two indica lines (Hanareumbyeo and Chenmaai) and 7 japonica lines (Jinsumi, Goamibyeo, Manmibyeo, Milyang261, Seolgaeng, Suweon517, and YR24088 Acp9) were wet milled followed by lyophilized and passed through a 115 mesh sieve. The amylose contents were varied from 10.1 to 32.1%. Among them, Milyang261 showed unique paste viscosity although its amylose content was very high as 32.1% with poor cooking properties. Except Milyang261 and Suweon517, the high amylose content lines of Chenmaai, Goamibyeo, and YR24088 Acp9 showed desirable cooking properties in cooking loss, tensile strength, and texture profile. No item was selected as a key factor for rice noodles. However, amylose content, paste viscosity, and damaged starch could be positive components for improvement of rice noodle quality. The high amylose line of Chenmaai, YR24088 Acp9, and Goamibyeo showed the most appropriate properties for making extruded rice noodles with good cooking and textural properties. The paste properties, damaged starch, and high amylose content of the flour can be used as indicators of the rice noodle quality.     

小麦面粉对油炸型方便面感官品质的影响

以同一厂家不同产品不同批次的方便面生产专用面粉和相应的成品为研究对象,测定面粉的总淀粉含量、直链淀粉含量、降落值以及面粉的糊化特性、方便面的TPA 实验指标和感官品质等指标,并对其相关性进行分析,探讨面粉各指标对方便面感官品质的影响。结果表明：降落值和直链淀粉与起始糊化温度呈极显著正相关,与峰值黏度和方便面的各个感官指标呈极显著负相关;总淀粉含量与各个感官指标成极显著正相关。因此面粉中直链淀粉含量和降落值较低、总淀粉含量较高的时候,方便面成品感官品质较好。     

方便米饭品质特性与原料适应性的研究

精选37个品种稻米制作方便米饭,分析原料大米的成分、蒸煮品质、质构性质以及方便米饭的感官品质之间的关系。结果表明,质构仪指标中弹性与感官指标中的弹性显著正相关,咀嚼性与软硬度呈显著正相关,大米成分中的直链淀粉含量和蛋白质含量与方便米饭的软硬度有显著负相关性,与方便米饭颜色呈正相关,利用TPA实验和食味计可以快速辅助感官评价实验对方便米饭感官品质进行评价。选用直链淀粉含量低,蛋白质含量低,吸水率和体积膨胀率小的大米品种制作的方便米饭感官品质较好。     

Effect of amylose content and rice type on dynamic viscoelasticity of a composite rice starch gel

Amylose content is an important indicator to determine the utility of raw milled rice. Indica type rice with high amylose content is usually used for manufacturing rice noodles, while Japonica rice may be mixed partially to adjust the noodle texture. The effect of amylose and rice type on dynamic viscoelasticity of rice starch gel was investigated using a model starch composite in this study. The information will be helpful to control and obtain the required noodle texture by combination of different rice types. The results show that nonwaxy Indica and waxy Japonica rice starches in a composite mixture were incompatible and demonstrated their individual gelatinization behavior during heating. High amylose starch showed higher moduli and lower loss tangent values, as well as higher retrogradation rate. The starch gel made from Japonica rice starch showed a slow retrogradation rate even containing a similar amount of amylose to Indica starch. The storage modulus of the gel made from higher amylose rice was shown to be more independent of frequency. Not only amylose content but also chain length distribution in amylopectin affected the dynamic viscoelasticity of rice gel. Japonica rice starch, with fewer super-long chains in amylopectin, retrograded slower after gelatinization than Indica rice, thus the paste is too sticky for production of rice noodles.     

Effect of starch and non-starch components on water migration,microstructure, starch retrogradation and texture of flat rice noodles made from different rice varieties

Effects of starch and non-starch components on rice noodle quality, water migration during rehydration, texture, microstructure and starch retrogradation of dried rice flour and rice starch noodles made from five rice varieties with similar high amylose contents were examined. Rice noodle qualities depended mainly on starch properties and to a lesser extent on the presence of non-starch components. Elongation of rice flour noodles was lower than rice starch noodles due to the presence of non-starch components that interrupted the starch network. Non-starch components reduced cooking loss of flour noodles in some varieties. Water migration in rice flour noodles with a looser microstructure was faster than in rice starch noodles. Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging revealed different water migration speeds in rice flour noodles among varieties, related to noodle microstructure and retrogradation properties. For production of good quality rice noodles, manufacturers should consider not only amylose content but also non-starch components.     

Physicochemical properties of flour recovered from broken rice noodles during production

Flour recovered from broken rice noodles was evaluated by microscopy, X‐ray diffractometry, differential scanning calorimetry, in vitro starch digestibility, pasting and gel texture analyses. Rice noodle making processes destroyed the granular and crystalline structures of rice flour (RF), but the process‐induced recrystallised amylopectin and amylose‐lipid complexes were observed. Higher level of resistant starch in broken rice noodle flour (BRNF) was due to the retrograded amylose, which formed during noodle making. The absence of pasting temperature and low pasting viscosity of BRNF were distinct from those of RF, whereas gel textures of both flours were similar. BRNF‐added rice noodles showed lower hardness, but the other cooking and texture qualities were close to the one without BRNF. Up to 17% of BRNF could be incorporated into composite rice noodle making. This study thus provided an approach to the management and utilisation of food processing wastes.     

杀菌对保鲜方便米粉品质的影响

通过实验比较了几种杀菌保鲜方法对保鲜方便米粉品质的影响,得出最佳热力杀菌参数,可以在不加任何人工合成防腐剂的条件下,使保鲜方便米粉保存1年且对口感等品质影响较小。     

非发酵型米粉的品质评价体系

本论文以１０种不同的大米（２种粳米,８种籼米）为原料,对其制备的米粉（切粉和榨粉）分别采用感官评定、测定米粉力学性质和烹煮性等方面进行品质评价,提出非发酵型米粉品质评价体系。实验结果表明,仪器测定的硬度与感官评定中的粘性有高度显著的负相关关系;抗拉强度和最大分别与感官评定的筋道感有显著正相关关系;最大应变与感官评定的综合评价有显著正相关关系;因此,在不便采用感官评定的情况下,可用仪器测定的结果预测