淡水鱼糜挤压膨化技术研究

本实验研究了不同加工温度、物料含水量、螺杆转速、喂料速度对挤压膨化产品系统参数扭矩、4区压力、5区压力、两区压力差的影响。研究表明:加工温度、物料含水量、螺杆转速、喂料速度对挤压膨化产品系统参数的影响,只有螺杆转速对两区压力差不显著,其余都达到极显著水平;随着加工温度、物料含水量、螺杆转速升高,扭矩、4区压力、5区压力、两区压力差呈大致降低趋势;随着喂料速度升高,扭矩、4区压力、5区压力、两区压力差呈现大致升高的趋势。     

小米挤压膨化加工工艺参数研究

以小香米、冀优2号、冀谷十七3个不同品种小米为材料，采用DSE-25型双螺杆挤压膨化机加工挤压膨化食品，研究加工温度、物料含水量、小米品种对扭矩、压力等设备系统参数和径向膨化率(SEI)、产品水分(PM)、水溶性指数(WS)、吸水性指数(WAI)等产品质量指标的影响。研究结果表明，加工温度、物料含水量、小米品种及其交互效应对小米挤压膨化产品质量和系统参数的影响达到极显著水平。随着加工温度、物料含水量升高，扭矩、4区压力、5区压力、径向膨化率呈下降趋势；随着加工温度升高，物料含水量减少，产品水溶性指数呈上升趋势，而产品水分、吸水性指数则呈下降趋势。与小米品种K2相比。K1、K3对应的产品水分含量低、径向膨化率小、水溶性指数高。     

挤压膨化制备甘薯熟粉加工工艺的研究

本实验以市场所购甘薯为原料，利用双螺杆挤压膨化机，采用挤压膨化工艺加工甘薯熟粉，同时研究膨化温度和物料含水量对于甘薯熟粉及膨化工艺参数的影响。结果表明：在实验设计范围内，膨化温度和物料含水量对甘薯熟粉特性(粘稠度)和膨化工艺参数(扭矩、压力)均有显著影响。物料水分含量18％，膨化温度为145℃时，膨化条的硬度、韧性、膨化率最大。随着膨化温度的升高，甘薯熟粉的粘性增加，在本实验设计的最大温度时，甘薯熟粉的粘性达到最大。挤压膨化温度和含水量对膨化工艺参数有显著影响：随着膨化温度升高，扭矩在总体上呈升高趋势，而压力随之减小；随着水分的减小扭矩显著增大。     

西农黑大穗小麦挤压膨化加工研究

以普冰9946小麦为对照,研究西农黑大穗挤压膨化过程中加工温度、物料含水量、喂料速度变化对挤压膨化的扭矩、4区压力、5区压力、单位机械能耗、产品比容、径向膨化率、脆度、硬度的影响。结果表明,在试验范围内,温度为T1时,西农黑大穗产品比容、径向膨化率高,单位机械能耗高;温度为T3时,产品脆度高、硬度低,膨化率低。含水量为20%时,产品物理特性相对较好;含水量为22.5%时,单位机械能耗较低。喂料速度为20 g/min时,产品物理特性较好,单位机械能耗较高。加工过程中,西农黑大穗的扭矩、压力均高于对照,单位机械能耗和产品物理特性与对照差异极显著(P0.01)。     

挤压膨化工艺参数对产品质量影响概述

挤压膨化加工工艺参数指在挤压膨化加工过程中能够人为改变且影响产品质量的一系列参数，包括加工温度、物料含水量、喂料速度和螺杆转速等。膨化产品质量的评价指标包括膨化率、吸水性和质构等物性指标，以及产品的营养成分。大量研究表明，膨化加工工艺对产品质量有重要影响。本文根据国内外研究论文和报告，从膨化加工工艺对产品质量影响的角度，介绍了挤压膨化技术的研究现状和进展．     

玉米膨化产品质量与系统参数关系研究

以玉米珍子为材料,采用DSE-25型双螺杆挤压膨化实验室工作站加工挤压膨化食品,对径向膨化率、产品水分、水溶性指数、质构等产品质量指标和扭矩、压力等设备系统参数进行相关分析,研究各个指标间的相关关系,筛选出玉米挤压膨化食品的主要评价指标。研究结果表明,径向膨化率、产品水分与a*、b*、4区压力、4区和5区压差P4-5呈极显著正相关,与水溶性指数、L*呈极显著负相关。产品水分与产品最大应力、破碎能量呈极显著正相关。径向膨化率、产品水分可以作为玉米挤压膨化食品的主要评价指标。     

挤压膨化工艺参数对夏秋绿茶多酚含量及膨化度的影响

利用双螺杆挤压膨化机对夏秋绿茶进行挤压膨化,研究物料含水量、套筒温度以及螺杆转速对膨化绿茶粉中茶多酚含量以及膨化度的影响,并分析夏秋绿茶膨化前后浸出功能成分及微观结构的变化。结果表明:随物料含水量增加,茶多酚含量先减少后增加;增加套筒温度会增大茶多酚的浸出,当温度过高时会导致茶多酚的损失;随螺杆转速增大,茶粉破损程度加大,促进茶多酚的浸出。套筒温度、螺杆转速对挤出物膨化度的影响较小,物料含水量的影响相对较大。与未加工夏秋绿茶粉相比,加工后的夏秋绿茶粉中茶多酚、粗纤维、可溶性总糖含量降低,茶氨酸含量增高。夏秋绿茶膨化后,其表面结构变得平整光滑,且机械力作用使物料自身化学键断裂。     

人参粉挤压制品膨化特性的研究

探讨双螺杆挤压条件对人参挤压制品膨化品质的影响,以人参粉末为原料,利用双螺杆挤压机制备产品,分析不同物料含水量和机筒温度对制品的径向膨化率、水溶性指数、吸水性指数以及显微结构的影响.结果表明,人参挤压制品的径向膨化率在物料含水量30%、机筒温度100℃时最高(1.32),气孔细小而均匀.水溶性指数随物料含水量的增加而减少,随温度升高而增加,在20%、140℃时水溶性指数最高(44.77%).人参经双螺杆挤压不仅发生膨化,而且其制品质地疏松、均匀,有望开发膨化类人参保健休闲食品.     

甘薯挤压膨化工艺及产品特性的研究

本实验以4种甘薯为原料，利用双螺杆挤压膨化机，研究甘薯品种和膨化温度对于甘薯膨化特性（膨化率、膨化粉粘稠度）及工艺参数（扭矩、压力）的影响。结果表明：在实验设计范围内，品种和膨化温度对于甘薯挤压膨化特性和膨化参数有显著的影响（P〈0．01）。在本实验使用的4种甘薯中，当膨化温度为140℃时，以京6甘薯品种的膨化硬度和膨化粉粘性为最大；而当膨化温度为145℃时，以红冬甘薯品种的膨化硬度、膨化粉粘性为最大。     

挤压膨化对牛蒡膳食纤维提取及加工特性影响的研究

采用微波膨化、挤压膨化对牛蒡膳食纤维提取的工艺及加工特性进行研究.以膨化率作为评定指标,研究挤压膨化中原料含水量、机筒温度、螺杆转速及喂料速度的影响,以及微波膨化、挤压膨化处理后牛蒡膳食纤维的持水力、持油力、膨胀力及阳离子交换能力等加工特性的变化.结果表明,微波膨化、挤压膨化均能提高牛蒡中可溶性膳食纤维含量,很好地改善牛蒡中膳食纤维的持水力、持油力、膨胀力和阳离子交换能力等加工特性.当物料含水量15％、机筒温度150℃、螺杆转速250r/min、喂料速度300r/min时,挤压膨化效果最好,膨化率达到1.65％,可溶性膳食纤维达30.65％,比对照提高27.25％.     

双螺杆挤压亚麻籽粕脱除生氰糖苷的研究

利用BrabenderDSE-25双螺杆挤压机对亚麻籽粕进行了挤压脱除生氰糖苷的试验,考察了加工条件(水分含量、加工温度、螺杆转速、喂料速度)对系统参数(扭矩、4区压力、5区压力)和脱毒效果的影响。结果表明,使用双螺杆挤压处理能达到使生氰糖苷降解脱毒的目的,合理的脱毒工艺参数:水分含量30%,加工温度80-120-130-140-150℃,螺杆转速120r/min,喂料速度18r/min,总氰化物脱除率为96.59%,生氰糖苷含量由257.85mg/kg降低至8.79mg/kg。     

大豆蛋白高水分挤压组织化过程中工艺参数对系统压力和扭矩的影响

以食用脱脂低温豆粕为原料,用响应面分析法,研究了DSE-25型双螺杆挤压机在大豆蛋白高水分挤压组织化过程中工艺参数对系统压力和扭矩的影响。结果表明,机筒温度、物料水分含量、喂料速度和螺杆转速等操作参数对挤压机系统压力和扭矩均具有显著的影响。系统压力随着机筒温度和物料水分含量的升高而降低,随着喂料速度的增加而增加,螺杆转速对其影响较小;扭矩随物料水分含量的增加而降低,随着机筒温度和螺杆转速的升高均表现出先升后降的趋势,随喂料速度的增加则表现出先降后升的趋势。依据逐步回归分析法建立的双螺杆挤压机系统参数的统计模型,具有较高的预测精度,可用于挤压过程的控制和挤压结果的预测。     

Effects of extrusion conditions on system parameters and physical properties of a chickpea flour-based snack

Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to study the effects of feed moisture content (16–18%), screw speed (250–320 rpm), and barrel temperature (150–170 °C) on extruder system parameters (product temperature, die pressure, motor torque, specific mechanical energy, SME) and physical properties (expansion, bulk density, hardness) of a chickpea flour-based snack. Second-order polynomials were used to model the extruder responses and product properties as a function of process variables. Product temperature and die pressure were affected by all three process variables, while motor torque and SME were only influenced by screw speed and barrel temperature. All three variables affected product responses significantly. Desirable products, characterized by high expansion ratio and low bulk density and hardness, were obtained at low feed moisture, high screw speed and medium to high barrel temperature. It was demonstrated that chickpeas can be used to produce nutritious snacks with desirable expansion and texture properties.     

An experimental study of twin-screw extrusion-cooking of maize grits

The use of a twin-screw extrusion-cooker to process maize grits is described. The expansion, bulk density, colour and aqueous dispersion rheology have been related to the extrusion cooking variables: screw speed, feed rate, moisture content and barrel zone temperature. A pseudo-viscosity quantity has been defined to describe the extrudate viscosity at the die which was also related to the extrusion-cooking variables. The pressure and temperature profiles in the extruder were recorded together with the mechanical and thermal energy consumption as a function of the extrusion-cooking variables. These experiments with a highly instrumented cooking-extruder indicate the condition of the material in the barrel prior to formation of the product.     

Determination of formulation and processing factors affecting slowly digestible starch,protein digestibility and antioxidant capacity of extruded sorghum–maize composite flour

High‐temperature high‐pressure extrusion of sorghum–maize composite flour, of potential for healthy food manufacture, was investigated by factorial experimental design to determine the effect of level of sorghum in dry mix (15–60%); final barrel zone temperature (120–150 °C); total moisture in barrel (21.4–25.8%); total input rate (2.3–6.8 kg h^?1); and screw speed (250–450 rpm) on extrudate slowly digestible starch (SDS), phenolic content, antioxidant capacity, protein digestibility, density and expansion ratio. Extrudate SDS increased with increasing sorghum level and decreased as the barrel temperature increased. Total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity were positively associated with sorghum level. Protein digestibility was associated negatively with sorghum level and positively with barrel temperature. Extrudate density was associated positively with total moisture and negatively with barrel temperature and input rate. Sorghum in dry mix, final barrel zone temperature and total moisture in barrel were the three most significant independent variables influencing extrudate dependant variables.     

Effects of extrusion conditions on secondary extrusion variables and physical properties of fish, rice-based snacks

A formulation containing rice flour, fish powder, menhaden oil and vitamin E was extruded at a feed rate of 10 kg/h using a co-rotating twin-screw extruder. Primary extrusion (independent) variables were temperature (125-145 °C), screw speed (150-300 rpm) and feed moisture (19-23 g/100 g db). Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to study the effects of extrusion conditions on secondary extrusion variables (product temperature, pressure at the die, motor torque, specific mechanical energy input and mean residence time) and physical properties of the extrudates. Second-order polynomial models were computed and used to generate contour plots. Increasing feed moisture and screw speed decreased pressure at the die. Increased screw speed increased product temperature at the die but increased feed moisture lowered it. Increased barrel temperature, feed moisture and screw speed decreased motor torque. Increased screw speed increased specific mechanical energy, while increased feed moisture reduced it. Longer mean residence times were observed at lower screw speeds. Product density increased as feed moisture increased, but decreased with screw speed. Increased feed moisture decreased radial expansion.     

低聚异麦芽糖为基质挤压法制备玻璃化抗坏血酸胶囊

采用挤压法制备了低聚异麦芽糖为基质的抗坏血酸(AA)玻璃化胶囊.选择了10%和16%两种AA质量分数的配方,在螺杆转速60 r/min,喂料速度1 kg/h的条件下,研究了3种挤压腔温度时的挤压工艺.探讨了挤压过程中电机扭拒、模头压力等的变化规律.差式扫描量热法、X射线对产品性质进行了表征.对挤压产品产率和载量等理化指标进行了分析.结果表明:提高挤压腔温度可以减小电机扭矩和模头压力.AA质量分数对3种温度条件下的电机扭矩影响较小.当挤压腔为中温和低温时,AA质量分数的增加可以使模头压力减小.两种质量分数的AA得到了很好的包埋,挤压产物的玻璃化转变温度随着AA质量分数增加而降低.X射线表明AA以溶解形式分散于基质中,形成了固溶体.     

EXTRUSION COOKING OF RICE: EFFECT OF AMYLOSE CONTENT AND BARREL TEMPERATURE ON PRODUCT PROFILE

The effect of amylose content (5.0–28.6%) of rice and barrel temperature (80–120C) on extrusion system parameters torque and net specific mechanical energy and extrudate characteristics extrudate bulk density (ED), water solubility index, expansion ratio (ER) and Warner–Bratzler shear stress were studied using a twin‐screw extruder. The feed rate (15 kgh^?1), moisture content (20.0% ± 0.2) of feed and the screw speed (400 rpm) were kept constant. ED and ER of the product suggested that a barrel temperature of 120C was desirable to generate an expanded extrudate rice product from low‐amylose rice cultivar. Experimental data on system parameters and extrudate characteristics fit to second‐degree polynomial regression equations (r ≥ 0.904, P ≤ 0.01) with the amylose content of rice and barrel temperature of the extruder.