绥中361蜡油生产SBS填充油的催化剂配套体系研究

针对中海油绥中361减二线蜡油、减三线蜡油原料,考察非贵金属降凝-非贵金属补充精制、非贵金属降凝-贵金属补充精制、贵金属异构脱蜡-贵金属补充精制三种催化剂体系下生产SBS填充油的产品质量和收率。实验结果表明：产品的倾点相当;后两者的光安定性和热安定性相当,且远好于非贵金属体系;三者收率相差不大,以贵金属脱蜡-贵金属补充精制催化剂体系最高,对于减二线和减三线原料,贵金属异构脱蜡-贵金属补充精制催化剂体系所制得的产品收率比其它两个催化剂体系制得的产品收率分别高出1.4百分点和2.3百分点。工业装置应根据市场价格,通过经济核算在非贵金属降凝-贵金属补充精制和贵金属脱蜡-贵金属补充精制两种体系之间作出选择。     

负载型固体酸催化合成椰子油脂肪酸酯的工艺研究

以新制负载型固体酸Zr(SO_4)_2-Ti(SO_4)_2/SiO_2催化合成椰子油脂肪酸1,6-己二醇酯为探针反应,优化带水剂种类及用量、酸醇物质的量比、催化剂用量、反应时间等椰子油脂肪酸酯的合成工艺条件。然后采用其他5种不同分子结构的醇合成了相应的椰子油脂肪酸酯,并通过FTIR表征以上6种合成产物的酯基结构。实验获得的优化合成工艺条件为:带水剂(甲苯)用量8 m L (相对于0. 02 mol 1,6-己二醇),酸醇物质的量比2. 5∶1,催化剂用量6%(以反应物总质量计),反应时间4. 5 h。在最佳条件下,椰子油脂肪酸1,6-己二醇酯合成反应的酯化率高达98. 6%。该固体酸催化剂催化合成椰子油脂肪酸一元醇酯的活性较高(酯化率99. 1%),但其对四元醇酯的催化活性相对较低(酯化率80. 3%)。随着醇分子中羟基个数的逐渐增加,固体酸的酯化催化活性降低;当醇羟基数相同时,醇分子支链减少或支链碳数减小都有利于提高固体酸的催化活性。     

Sliding friction and wear performance of Ti6Al4V in the presence of surface-capped copper nanoclusters lubricant

The friction and wear properties of Ti₆Al₄V sliding against AISI52100 steel ball under different lubricative media of surface-capped copper nanoclusters lubricant—Cu nanoparticles capped with O,O′-di-n-octyldithiophosphate (Cu-DTP), rapeseed oil and rapeseed oil containing 1 wt% Cu-DTP was evaluated using an Optimol SRV oscillating friction and wear tester. The wear mechanism was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectrosmeter (XPS). Results indicate that Cu-DTP can act as the best lubricant for Ti₆Al₄V as compared with rapeseed oil and rapeseed oil containing 1 wt% Cu-DTP. The applied load and sliding frequency obviously affected the friction and wear behavior of Ti₆Al₄V under Cu-DTP lubricating. The frictional experiment of the Ti₆Al₄V sliding against AISI52100 cannot continue under the lubricating condition of rapeseed oil or rapeseed oil containing 1 wt% Cu-DTP when the applied load are over 100 N. Surprisingly, the frictional experiment of Ti₆Al₄V sliding against AISI52100 steel can continue at the applied load of 450 N under Cu-DTP lubricating. The tribochemical reaction film containing S and P is responsible for the good wear resistance and friction reduction of Ti₆Al₄V under Cu-DTP at the low applied load. However, a conjunct effect of Cu nanoparticle deposited film and tribochemical reaction film containing S and P contributes to the good tribological properties of Ti₆Al₄V under Cu-DTP at the high-applied load.     

Friction properties of chemically modified starch

Starches of varying chemical structures were esterified with anhydrides, formulated into dry film lubricants with the addition of canola oil, and its friction properties investigated. In the absence of canola, chemically modified starch displayed a very high coefficient of friction (COF). Addition of canola resulted in a sharp decrease in COF, which decreased with increasing [canola] until it attained a minimum and constant value that was independent of the further increase in [canola]. This observation was attributed to the adsorption of the canola oil onto starch due to H‐bonding between the ester groups of the canola triglycerides and the free hydroxyl groups of starch. Analysis of the [canola] vs COF data using the Langmuir adsorption model showed stronger adsorption of canola to modified starch with a lower degree of substitution (DS). This was attributed to the availability of more free hydroxyl group adsorption sites on starches with lower DS than those with higher DS. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

灰分对柴油机颗粒捕集器性能影响研究综述

分别从柴油机颗粒捕集器(DPF)灰分的成分、来源及性质,灰分对DPF压降、过滤效率和再生过程的影响,及DPF清灰方法等方面进行了综述。已有研究结果表明:润滑油添加剂是DPF灰分的主要来源;润滑油配方、灰分沉积形态及DPF载体结构不同时,灰分对DPF压降的影响效果会有所不同;灰分在DPF中的沉积一般会提高DPF的过滤效率,但会恶化催化型DPF(CDPF)的被动再生效果,影响DPF主动再生频率和DPF主动再生时的温度;重型柴油车DPF需要定期清灰,压缩空气反吹法是目前使用最广泛的DPF清灰方法。     

Experimental Analysis and Modeling of the Effects of Oil–Air Lubrication Parameters on Bearings Friction Loss of High-Speed Motorized Spindle

The friction loss of an angular contact ball bearing is a key factor restricting the development of a high-speed motorized spindle. To quantitatively calculate the effects of the oil–air lubrication parameters on the friction loss of high-speed bearings, the drag resistance and the churning resistance generated by the movement of the rolling elements in the lubricant are theoretically modeled and the percentage volume of the lubricant in the bearing cavity (XCAV) is used to characterize the effects. The friction loss of bearings is tested by two novel methods: the free deceleration method and the energy-balance method. The experimental results show that the viscous resistance loss is a major component of bearing friction loss and oil–air lubrication parameters have important influence on it. A comparison of the theoretical calculations and the experimental results is used for deriving the empirical formula of XCAV with respect to the lubricant flow, gas pressure, rotating speed, and pitch diameter. The research results of this study have important significance for the measurement, prediction and reduction of the friction loss of high-speed bearings.     

Wet clutch transmission fluid for AWD differentials: influence of lubricant additives on friction characteristics

In recent years, several electronically controllable automotive transmission systems using wet clutches as intelligent differentials have emerged on the market. These applications place great demands on the anti‐shudder properties of the transmission fluids used. The aims of this study were (i) to investigate the influence of different additives on the friction characteristics of a transmission fluid for all‐wheel drive systems featuring wet multi‐plate clutch with a sintered brass‐based friction material and, based on this knowledge, (ii) to formulate a new transmission fluid with the desired frictional properties. In addition to excellent anti‐shudder properties, the new fluid was required to lubricate hypoid gears under high load. To meet this requirement, it is necessary to add significant amounts of extreme pressure additives to the base oil, which are known to have an unfavourable influence on anti‐shudder properties, necessitating the adoption of novel additive technologies. The additives studied include anti‐wear additives, friction modifiers, corrosion inhibitors, detergents, antioxidants and extreme pressure additives. This paper shows how different additives affect friction in different ways, and that the interactions between the different additives are important to consider. It was concluded that it is feasible to combine good anti‐shudder properties for wet clutches with good lubrication of hypoid gears. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.     

单金属密封总装设计和润滑理论分析

针对钻井领域的单金属密封端面比压难以控制的问题,结合涡轮钻具支承节结构进行了动密封的总装式设计;初步建立SEMS2单金属密封的计算模型,推导出了SEMS2单金属密封环的轴向载荷公式;考虑润滑油的的挤压效应项,提出SEMS2单金属密封面的油膜压力方程和泄漏率公式;通过有限元软件对SEMS2单金属密封的装配过程进行了应力分析,在此基础上对不同环境压力下密封面的应力特征进行了仿真分析,结果显示低压工况下密封面呈收敛状态,有利于润滑油膜的形成;高压工况下,动环接触面上从内到外的应力逐渐降低,不利于形成润滑油膜。     

长碳链二元酸酯的合成及其物化性能

以杂多酸为催化剂、不同链长的二元酸为原料,合成了系列长碳链二元酸二元酯,考察了影响合成反应的因素及碳链长度对合成酯物化性能的影响. 结果表明,在回流温度160℃、醇/酸摩尔比3:1、催化剂用量为总质量1%、反应时间120 min、带水剂用量为总质量10%的条件下,酯化率达98%以上. 合成的酯具有良好的物化性能,其倾点最低为-74℃,闪点最高为258℃,粘度指数最大为187,优于现有商业化酯类润滑油基础油,达到现有航空润滑油基础油的标准. 随着碳链增长,合成酯粘度增大,增加醇碳链长度对粘度的影响大于增加酸碳链长度的影响.     

Toxicogenomic analysis of gene expression changes in human liver cells after exposure to environmentally friendly lubricants

A lubricant based on synthetic esters and a mixture of this lubricant with additives and metals simulating the intake caused by usage were investigated with various ecotoxicological and genotoxicological tests. Tests with algae, daphnids and bacteria demonstrated an influence of the mixture on ecotoxicity. The genotoxicity tests, however, showed no effects for both samples. In addition, genetic effects were examined in detail by using gene expression profiles of HepG2 cells. Comparison of the set of regulated genes for early and late time points indicated a certain concordance between the genes up‐regulated after 6 and 24 hours of exposure. The correlation for the corresponding down‐regulated gene groups is slightly lower. Generally, the number of regulated genes is low (3–6%) demonstrating a marginal influence. The results indicate that the assessment of gene expression profiles, in addition to the quantification of toxic effects, may give important information on ways of toxic action of a substance. These data can be used in the development of new chemicals or products in order to minimize toxic effects. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.