电化学免疫传感器在食品安全检测中的研究进展

近年来,随着免疫测定技术与传感技术的发展,人们开发了以固定化抗体(抗原)为识别元件,基于特异性的免疫反应原理的免疫传感器.随着电化学免疫传感器在各方面的广泛应用,关于提高它的性能、优化其检测方法的研究也越来越多.电化学免疫传感器具有独特的优势,如选择性好、灵敏度高、检测速度快等,因此在食品安全中得到了广泛应用.本文介绍了电化学免疫传感器的分类及其基本原理,根据检测信号的不同,将其分为电位型、电流型、电导型免疫传感器.综述了电化学免疫传感器在食品安全检测(致病菌、毒素、农药残留、药物残留等)中的研究现状及应用进展,并对电化学免疫传感器的应用前景进行概括.     

电化学免疫传感器在食品安全检测中的应用研究

近年来,生物食品安全问题越来越受关注,农药残留成为危害食品安全的重要问题之一,这对快速检测农药残留提出高要求,研究方便、快捷的检测农药残留方法已成为当务之急。生物传感器技术具有快速、敏感、具体、简单的优势,作为一种新的检测分析仪器,在食品检验的领域具有广阔的应用前景。本文主要介绍电化学免疫传感器的特点、优势以及国内和国际的免疫传感器研究现状、存在的问题,了解食品检测中电化学免疫传感器的应用,以期取得好的应用效果。     

酶联免疫技术在食品安全检测中的应用

文章介绍了酶联免疫技术(ELISA)的原理和方法,从生物毒素、药物残留、致病微生物、重金属污染和食品的品质等方面评述了其在食品安全检测中的应用。并对其在食品安全检测中的广阔应用前景进行了展望。     

免疫学技术在食品安全快速检测中的应用研究进展

随着人们对于食品安全问题的关注程度不断增加,食品安全快速检测方法得到了广泛应用。目前常用的食品安全快速检测技术包括免疫学技术、酶抑制技术、传感器技术、生物芯片技术等。免疫学检测技术具有灵敏度高、特异性强、方便、快速和经济等优点,在食品安全快速检测中发挥了重要的作用。免疫学技术在食品安全领域广泛应用的主要有免疫吸附法和免疫层析法两大体系,其中免疫吸附法以酶联免疫吸附检测法(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)最常用,而免疫层析法则以胶体金免疫层析技术(colloidal gold immunochromatographic assay,GICA)为代表。本文介绍了免疫学技术在食品安全快速检测中应用的原理及特点,并对酶联免疫吸附检测技术和胶体金免疫层析技术近几年来在食品安全快速检测中的应用进展进行了综述。     

基于二维材料的亲和型电化学传感器在食品安全分析中的应用

摘 要: 食品安全关系“国计民生”。快速、灵敏、特异性的食品安全分析是食品领域的研究热点。亲和型电化学传感器结合了亲和受体的特异性识别性能和电化学换能器的高检测灵敏度、短响应时间以及易于小型化等优势, 在食品安全分析中有良好的应用前景。近年来, 二维材料的开发与应用为电化学传感器的构建带来了新机遇。二维材料具有较大的比表面积, 其独特的电学、物理、化学特性, 为电化学信号放大和传感策略的设计提供了更多可能。本文综述了基于二维材料的亲和型电化学传感器在食品安全分析中应用的最新进展, 总结了常见的二维材料及其制备方法、二维材料在电化学传感器制备中的应用及基于二维材料的亲和型电化学传感器在食品安全危害因子检测中的应用, 讨论了电化学传感器在食品安全分析中存在的挑战及未来发展趋势。 关键词: 食品安全分析; 电化学传感器; 二维材料; 食品安全危害因子; 亲和检测     

免疫传感器在食品检测中的应用及相关思考

简述了免疫传感器的基本知识,综述了其在食品致病菌、毒素、农残和兽残检测中的应用.另外,就免疫传感器作了几点思考：免疫传感器的现状和缺陷,发展趋势和应用前景,商业化和产业化.     

生物传感器在食品农药残留检验中的应用

农药残留成为危害食品安全的重要问题之一,这就对食品农药残留的快速检测提出高要求。生物传感器作为一种新的检测分析工具,在检测食品农残中具有广泛的应用前景。本文主要介绍生物传感器的构成、分类及其在食品农药残留检测中的应用情况。     

食品安全免疫层析检测技术研究进展

免疫层析技术(immunochromatography assay, ICA)不仅有效结合了层析法卓越的分离能力以及常规免疫分析方法的高度特异性,而且简单、快速、灵敏,为现场即时筛查提供一种理想的技术手段。近年来,免疫层析技术在食品安全检测中不断更新、完善和发展,包括标记材料、信号增强、高通量和定量分析等的技术革新,显示出巨大的发展潜力和广阔的应用前景。本文总结归纳了ICA在食品安全检测中的最新应用进展,汇总分析了ICA在我国食品安全领域标准化的情况,并讨论了ICA现有的不足以及在未来应用中的发展方向,以期为我国食品安全快速检测的发展提供技术参考。     

食品安全领域快速检测仪器的应用现状与展望

食品安全是世界各国关注的焦点问题。快速检测仪器以其简便、快速、高效、经济的特点,较好地满足了食品快速初筛检测的需求,在食品安全监测中发挥了重要作用。本文将快速检测仪器分为实验室、在线和现场速测三大类,通过对免疫法、酶抑制法、生物传感器、PCR技术等与快检仪器相应的快检方法与技术的阐述,综述了快速检测仪器在食品安全检测中的应用及其研究进展,展望了我国食品安全领域快速检测仪器的发展方向。     

酶联免疫吸附法在植物性食品安全检测中的应用

文章概述了酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）的基本原理及方法，详述了其在植物性食品安全检测中的应用，并对该方法的发展趋势及其在食品安全检测中的应用前景进行了展望。     

A rapid and specific immunosensor for the detection of aflatoxigenic Aspergilli

In this research, a rapid immunosensor targeting aflatoxigenic Aspergilli was developed based on impedimetric electrochemical technology, involving the use of polyclonal antibody specific to extracellular antigen produced by Aspergillus parasiticus GIM 3.395. This sensor was fabricated by immobilization of antibody on gold nanoparticle/l-cysteine-coated electrode. All results showed that the immunosensor exhibited high sensitivity with a detection limit of 18 colony-forming unit (cfu/mL) (S/N?=?3) and required simple sample treatment free of the pre-enrichment step. Moreover, the whole detection time was only 30?min and more rapid as compared to conventional culture-based techniques or PCR methods. Other 16 strains of Aspergilli were also used to determine the immunosensor specificity, and the results showed that the immunosensor had high specificity. The immunosensor exhibited a long-term stability, and high reproducibility of the signal could be obtained up to 100 times with an R.S.D. of 2.5?%. To assess the applicability of the immunosensor for pathogen detection in food process, soybean paste of naturally fermentation with koji-making process was analyzed. The average recovery rate was ranged from 81.5 to 113.5?%. It was shown that the immunosensor provided a fast, sensitive and specific detection of aflatoxigenic Aspergilli and could potentially be used as a real-time and early diagnosis tool for aflatoxin B1 in foods.     

电化学纳米免疫传感器在食品安全检测中的应用展望

电化学纳米免疫传感器具有检测快速、灵敏、操作简单等优点,在医药、食品、环境及生命科学等领域显 示了巨大的应用潜力。本文分析比较了电化学纳米免疫传感器与分析化学仪器检测、免疫检测、以聚合酶链式反应 为基础的分子生物学测定技术和基于表面等离子共振、生物薄膜干涉技术的检测方法的优缺点,讨论了电化学纳米 免疫传感器本身所面临的免疫结合信号放大处理和商业化应用的两个关键问题,最后,概述了纳米材料在免疫传感 器中的应用及电化学纳米免疫传感器在食品检测中的应用并对其在食品检测领域的未来发展作了展望。     

Ultrasensitive detection of kanamycin in animal derived foods by label-free electrochemical immunosensor

A label-free amperometric immunosensor based on graphene sheet(GS)-nafion(Nf)/thionine(TH)/Pt nanoparticles modified electrode is proposed for the ultrasensitive detection of kanamycin. The anti-kanamycin antibody was immobilised onto the GS-Nf/TH/Pt modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) through electrostatic adsorption. TH was selected as an electron transfer mediator, and the synergistic effects among GS, TH and Pt were investigated. The electroactivity of TH was greatly improved in the presence of GS and Pt due to their good electron-transfer ability. The proposed immunosensor shows good performance such as low detection limit (5.74 pg/mL), wide linear range (from 0.01 to 12.0 ng/mL), high stability, and good selectivity in the detection of kanamycin. The reliability of the developed immunosensor was proved by determination of kanamycin in animal derived foods with satisfactory results.     

Amperometric immunosensor for carbofuran detection based on gold nanoparticles and PB-MWCNTs-CTS composite film

An electrochemical immunosensor has been developed for the determination of carbofuran based on gold nanoparticles (DpAu), prussian blue-multiwalled carbon nanotubes-chitosan (PB-MWCNTs-CTS) nanocomposite film and protein A (SPA) layer-by-layer assemble technology. DpAu and PB-MWCNTs-CTS incorporated films were used to enhance the electroactivity and stability of the immunosensor. The porous three-dimensional PB-MWCNTs-CTS nanocomposite film provided many amino groups and carboxyl groups to cross-link SPA and offered a large specific surface area to immobilize SPA. The formation of a self-assembled SPA layer was employed onto the electrode surface to increase the binding capacity of the antibody. The conformational process of the immunosensor and electrochemical performance of immunoreaction between carbofuran and the anti-carbofuran monoclonal antibody were characterized by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, respectively. Effects of experimental variables, such as the concentration of the SPA and antibody, the adsorption time of DpAu, the pH of supporting electrolyte and the incubation time, were investigated in details. Under optimum operating conditions, the system provided a wide linear range between 0.1 and 1???g/mL with a low detection limit of 0.021?ng/mL. The proposed immunosensor exhibited high sensitivity, high stability and good reproducibility, and it can be used for the detection of carbofuran pesticide.     

免疫传感器及其在食品卫生检验中的应用

本文就免疫传感器的原理、分类及表面等离子体共振免疫传感器、光寻址电位传感器、受体免疫传感器、光纤免疫传感器、DNA杂交传感器、压电免疫传感器、酶免疫传感器、分子印迹生物传感器等新型免疫传感器及其在食品卫生检验中的应用、存在的问题、发展趋势作简要介绍。     

基于壳聚糖-纳米金修饰的酪蛋白免疫传感器的研制

在玻碳电极表面修饰壳聚糖和纳米金,以纳米金对抗体等生物分子的良好亲和性,固定抗-αs-酪蛋白(anti-αs-酪蛋白)抗体制得酪蛋白免疫传感器。通过循环伏安法考察电极表面的电化学特性,并对该免疫传感器的性能进行研究。该免疫传感器对以磷酸盐缓冲液溶解的αs-酪蛋白进行检测。响应电流与酪蛋白抗原质量浓度的对数在1～10000ng/mL的范围内线性相关。该免疫传感器制作简单,成本较低,操作方便,可应用于牛奶质量和非乳蛋白掺杂使假的检测。     

Impedimetric Characterization of Adsorption of Listeria monocytogenes on the Surface of an Aluminum‐Based Immunosensor

The impedimetric characteristics of an immunosensor depend on the electrical properties of an immunosensor substrate. The impedimetric characteristics of an immunosensor compared with adsorption of Listeria monocytogenes were investigated on an aluminum surface insulated with an electrically resistive aluminum oxide layer. Antibody for L. monocytogenes (anti‐L. monocytogenes) was immobilized on an aluminum surface that was insulated with a native air‐formed aluminum oxide layer. The resistance of impedance (R) value of an aluminum‐based immunosensor decreased, especially at 10⁴ to 10⁶ Hz, where the effect of the reactance of impedance (X) was minimal when L. monocytogenes was adsorbed on the immunosensor surface. The R value of the immunosensor at 81 kHz decreased proportionally to the concentration of L. monocytogenes from 1.3 to 4.3 log CFU mL^?1. The adsorption of L. monocytogenes produced local protrusions on the immunosensor surface, causing physicochemical changes in the ionic layer formed on the immunosensor surface by a sinusoidal electrical signal input, which might help electrical current to flow and cause the R value to decrease.     

A Novel Staphylococcal Enterotoxin Q Immunosensor Prepared with Self-Assembly Method Based on Horseradish Peroxidase and Double-Layer Gold Nanoparticles

A novel and green electrochemical immunosensor for detection of Staphylococcal enterotoxin Q (SEQ), a toxic superantigen that can induce severe food poisoning and even fatal conditions, was developed by fixing double-layer gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), horseradish peroxidase, and thionin-chitosan composite membrane on the glassy carbon electrode surface. Under optimal conditions, the developed immunosensor showed a wide linear range from 0.1 to 100 pg mL^?1 (R ² = 0.992) for SEQ with a low detection limit of 0.046 pg mL^?1 (S/N = 3). The immunosensor had good specificity (no significant cross reaction with lipopolysaccharides, bovine IgG, Escherichia coli, or other common biological components), and remained fairly stable (over 87 % of the original signal response after stored for 20 days at 4 °C). In addition, the immunosensor was successfully applied to milk sample detection and demonstrated with high recoveries (from 91 to 113 %). In conclusion, the developed electrochemical immunosensor can supply a green and feasible tool for detection of SEQ in food.     

Electrochemical immunosensor based on polyaniline/poly (acrylic acid) and Au-hybrid graphene nanocomposite for sensitivity enhanced detection of salbutamol

An ultrasensitive electrochemical immunosensor based on nanogold particles (nano-Au), Prussian Blue (PB), polyaniline/poly (acrylic acid) (PANI (PAA)) and Au-hybrid graphene nanocomposite (AuGN) has been developed for the detection of salbutamol (SAL). Nano-Au, PB and PANI (PAA)-incorporated film was used to enhance the electroactivity, stability and catalytic activity for hydrogen reduction of the electrode. AuGN was used to immobilise chitosan, nano-Au and horseradish peroxidase-anti-SAL antibody (HRP-AAb). The resulting nanostructure (AuGN-HRP-AAb) was used as the label for the immunosensor. This is attributed to the high surface-to-volume ratio of graphene that allows the immobilisation of a high level of chitosan, nano-Au and HRP-AAb and its good electrical conductivity which can improve the electron transfer among HRP, H₂O₂ and electrode. Under the optimized conditions, a calibration plot for SAL was obtained with a linear range between 0.08 ng/mL and 1000 ng/mL (r = 0.9955). The detection limit was 0.04 ng/mL. The immunosensor was examined in real feed and pork samples for the analysis of SAL.     

基于DMSA自组装单分子层的SPR免疫传感器检测沙丁胺醇

本文通过双巯基丁二酸(DMSA)作为单分子层连接表面等离子体共振(SPR)免疫传感器中芯片上的抗原,并以沙丁胺醇(SAL)为检测模型,构建了DMSA-SPR免疫传感器,将其检测效果与传统的巯基丙酸(MPA)-SPR传感器进行比较。结果表明,室温下,DMSA-SPR免疫传感器的抗原抗体识别效率增强近一倍,其线性范围达到5~150 ng/mL,定量限(LOQ)达到5 ng/mL。此传感器应用于猪肉中SAL检测的回收率达到94.9%~108.0%,并与超高效液相色谱-串联质谱仪(UPLC-MS/MS)检测结果具有很好的相关性。因此,该方法为提高SPR免疫传感器的灵敏度提供了新思路、新方法,并可广泛应用于其他小分子的检测。