几种食品添加剂对蔬菜杂粮方便面品质影响的研究

研究了几种食品添加剂对蔬菜杂粮方便面品质的影响,结果表明,随着羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC-Na)、瓜尔豆胶、黄原胶添加量的增加,方便面的断条率减少,吸水率增大.当CMC-Na添加量在0.5%以下时,方便面烹煮损失随其添加量的增大变化不明显.烹煮损失随瓜尔豆胶、黄原胶添加量的增大呈现先减小后增大的趋势,当其添加量为0.3%时,面条烹煮损失达到最小值.在减少方便面烹煮损失、断条率方面,单甘酯比蔗糖酯更加有效,马铃薯变性淀粉优于马铃薯原淀粉.     

方便面面身复合食品添加剂的应用研究

本文探讨了复合食品添加剂在油炸方便面面身中的主要作用，研究了醋酸酯化淀粉、谷朊粉、分子蒸馏单甘酯、瓜尔豆胶、复合磷酸盐、茶多酚的不同添加量对方便面面身品质的影响。实验结果表明，当每100kg面粉添加水分37kg，醋酸酯化淀粉4kg，谷朊粉0．3kg，复合磷酸盐0．2kg，碘盐0．2kg，纯碱0．1kg，白砂糖0．1kg，茶多酚0．05kg时，可以做出爽滑、筋斗、复水性好、贮藏性佳的方便面。     

豆丝方便面复水性的改善研究

本文主要研究了米粉、面粉以及单甘酯、硬脂酰乳酸钙、阿拉伯胶、瓜尔豆胶对豆丝复水率、复水速度等特性的影响。结果表明：米粉、面粉及以上各种添加剂均可不同程度的改善豆丝方便面的复水特性。     

保鲜方便米粉抗老化研究

测定了多种添加剂对保鲜方便米粉的抗老化效果。试验结果表明：植物油、魔芋精粉、土豆淀粉、单甘酯、蔗糖脂、黄原胶、瓜尔豆胶、谷朊粉、马铃薯变性淀粉、木薯变性淀粉、羧甲基纤维素钠（CMC）、等都有一定的抗老化作用，但自制酶制剂效果最好。     

品质改良剂对速冻汤包皮品质的影响

对瓜尔豆胶、蔗糖酯、变性淀粉进行单因素实验,分别研究其对面团流变学特性的影响,确定它们在面粉中合适的添加量范围。然后在单因素实验的基础上对它们进行正交实验,研究其对面团粉质、拉伸以及感官评定的影响,确定复合改良剂的最佳配比。实验结果表明:最佳复合配比为瓜尔豆胶0.4%,蔗糖酯0.2%,变性淀粉2.0%,对速冻汤包的综合品质有很强的改善效果。     

鲜面条速冻生产工艺条件研究

通过单因素试验与二次回归正交通用组合设计试验对速冻鲜面条生产工艺进行研究。结果表明：选用稳定时间为5～7min的面粉,加入40%的水,洒淀粉量为1%～1.5%,速冻风速3～4m/s,瓜尔胶0.35%、单甘酯0.40%、复合磷酸盐0.15%、变性淀粉6%。在此工艺条件下生产速冻鲜面条的综合品质优秀。     

罐罐面品质特性的改良初探

以蔗糖酯、单甘酯、谷朊粉、瓜尔豆胶、葡萄糖氧化酶为添加荆,采用单因素及多因素研究方法对罐罐面进行有针对性的品质改良,并配制成复合型面粉品质改良荆,可以显著地改善面粉的加工特性及罐罐面品质.罐罐面品质改良复合添加剂的最佳配方为:蔗糖酯0.4%、单甘酯0.1%、谷朊粉7.5%、瓜尔豆胶0.4%、葡萄糖氧化酶40mg/kg,此时面条感官评价最高得分为93.2分.     

非油炸豆丝方便面的品质改良

研究了小米粉、大米粉、面粉以及单甘酯、硬脂酰乳酸钙、阿拉伯胶、瓜尔豆胶对豆丝复水率、韧性、口感等品质的影响。通过正交实验,得到豆丝改良剂的最佳配比为:5%大米粉,0.5%阿拉伯胶,0.3%硬脂酰乳酸钙。制得的豆丝韧性、复水性均有明显改善,且口感爽滑,豆香浓郁。     

品质改良剂对绿豆凉粉冻融稳定性及硬度的影响

研究通过添加6种不同类型的品质改良剂(保水剂:复合磷酸盐;乳化剂:单甘酯;增稠剂:羧甲基纤维素钠、β-环糊精、马铃薯淀粉及马铃薯变性淀粉),以绿豆凉粉的冻融析水率和不同储存时间的凝胶硬度为评价标准,探讨不同类型品质改良剂对淀粉凝胶贮存过程中冻融稳定性及硬度的影响,并从品质改良剂的分子结构角度解释了其对凝胶冻融析水率及硬度的影响机理。单因素实验结果表明:马铃薯淀粉和马铃薯变性淀粉抑制凝胶老化出水的效果优于羧甲基纤维素钠、β-环糊精和单甘酯,复合磷酸盐和单甘酯对凝胶冻融析水率无显著影响。0.25%复合磷酸盐、0.2%羧甲基纤维素钠、0.3%β-环糊精、0.1%单甘酯、5%马铃薯变性淀粉和15%马铃薯淀粉均显著抑制绿豆凉粉贮存过程中的硬度变化,其中,马铃薯淀粉和马铃薯变性淀粉效果较佳。     

苹果冰淇淋抗融性配方的研究

本实验中以苹果冰淇淋为研究对象,分别研究了不同种类和添加量的油脂、稳定剂、乳化剂对其品质的影响。选择卡拉胶、瓜尔豆胶、槐豆胶作为稳定剂,单甘酯、三聚甘油单硬脂酸酯作为乳化剂,通过正交试验确定了改善苹果冰淇淋抗融性品质的复合稳定乳化剂的最优配方为(质量分数):卡拉胶0.016%、瓜尔豆胶0.10%、槐豆胶0.20%、单甘酯0.15%、三聚甘油单硬脂酸酯0.05%。按照这个配方生产的苹果冰淇淋具有良好的抗融性,同时产品组织细腻、口感清爽。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。