环保型PLA/CNF应用于纸张阻隔性涂布的研究

以聚乳酸（PLA）为基体、乙酰化改性纤维素纳米纤丝（m-CNF）为增强材料制得复合涂料,将其涂覆于A4纸表面制得PLA/m-CNF阻隔纸,探讨了复合涂料中m-CNF添加量对纸张阻隔性能、疏水性能、强度性能等的影响。结果表明,与原纸相比,当m-CNF添加量为3%时,PLA/m-CNF3%阻隔纸的抗张指数、耐破指数、疏水性能分别提高了30.6%、40.1%、24.8%,透气度降低了36.6%。原纸水蒸气透过量为1815 g/（m²·d）,PLA/CNF阻隔纸的氧气和水蒸气阻隔性能相较原纸显著提升;其中,PLA/CNF3%阻隔纸的水蒸气透过量为443 g/（m²·d）、氧气透过量为45 cm³/（m²·d·（0.1 MPa））;PLA/m-CNF3%阻隔纸的水蒸气透过量为385 g/（m²·d）、氧气透过量为35 cm³/（m²·d·（0.1 MPa））,与PLA/CNF3%阻隔纸相比,分别下降了13.1%和22.2%;表明PLA/m-CNF阻隔纸具有优异的保鲜效果。     

纳米纤维素对纸纱原纸有机颜料的留着和固定化研究

本研究主要探讨了纤维素纳米纤丝（CNF）和阳离子化纤维素纳米纤丝（C-CNF）对有机颜料留着和固定化的影响。结果表明,纳米纤维素可以和有机颜料颗粒形成包络体,显著提高颜料的留着和固定化。其中,C-CNF的作用效果更好,最佳含量为1.2%,颜料留着率为46.6%,纸纱原纸的摩擦色牢度为4.2级、抗张指数为31.7 N·m/g,相比未添加纳米纤维素时,颜料留着率提高了33.5%;纸纱原纸的摩擦色牢度提高了2.2级,抗张指数提高了32.1%。     

PEO和CPAM对纸基摩擦材料原纸性能的影响

采用碳纤维、短切芳纶纤维、芳纶浆粕、竹纤维以及海泡石绒为原料,并用抄纸的方法抄造纸基摩擦材料原纸;通过在抄造浆料中添加聚氧化乙烯（PEO）和阳离子聚丙烯酰胺（CPAM）,探究了PEO和CPAM对浆料分散性能和纸张匀度和抗张强度的影响。结果表明,PEO对浆料有良好的分散作用,CPAM对纸张有很好的增强效果,当PEO用量为0.2%、CPAM用量为0.16%时,浆料分散效果最好,成纸的匀度最高。     

牢固耐用纱管纸及其制作工艺

正提供一种使用方便、硬度和强度比较高、耐磨防水性比较好,且具有很好的环保效果的牢固耐用纱管纸。该纸包括原纸基层和涂布耐磨层。原纸基层包括以下重量份配比而成:针叶木亚硫酸盐浆15~20份、羊草茎秆浆20~35份、废纸纤维35~45份、竹纤维5~8份、二氧化硅8~15份、松香胶2~6份、三聚氰胺甲醛树脂2~5份;涂布耐磨层包括以下重量份配比而成:丙烯酸多元醇10~15份、正硅酸乙酯     

水性丙烯酸酯涂料对镀铝原纸阻隔性能的影响研究

将水性丙烯酸酯涂料与传统镀铝原纸涂料面涂后对镀铝原纸性能的影响进行对比分析,结果表明,使用水性丙烯酸酯涂料替代传统镀铝原纸涂料时,镀铝原纸平滑度最高由2243 s提高至12436 s,提高4.54倍;对水阻隔能力由45.8%～73.3%提高至97.9%～99.4%;对乙醇阻隔能力由98.1%～99.1%降低至95.3%～97.4%。     

高性能复合纸基摩擦材料原纸抄造工艺的初步研究

采用碳纤维、短切芳纶纤维和芳纶浆粕、竹纤维以及海泡石绒为原料,通过湿法成形制备纸基摩擦材料原纸;探讨了原纸中海泡石绒对混杂纤维的分散作用,以及在羧基丁腈胶乳和阳离子聚丙烯酰胺(CPAM)的作用下对填料、摩擦性能调节剂的吸附和粘结效用。实验结果表明:海泡石绒对混杂纤维有良好的分散作用,并能改善浆料的留着和纸页的匀度。     

淀粉基含磷氮阻燃剂制备阻燃纸的研究

采用磷酸/尿素体系对双螺杆挤压制备的玉米纳米淀粉进行改性,制备了淀粉基含磷氮阻燃剂（P-CNS）;然后通过浸渍阻燃剂法制备阻燃纸,采用垂直燃烧法、极限氧指数法和热重分析等研究了阻燃纸的性能。结果表明,P-CNS对纸张具有良好的阻燃效果,当P-CNS浸渍浓度为10%时,阻燃纸的垂直燃烧余长占纸样总长度的33.6%,极限氧指数值达到28.2%,氮气气氛下650℃时的残炭率从原纸的9.7%提高到23.2%,且抗张指数和耐破指数相比原纸仅分别降低9.7%和12.9%。     

基于GA-BPNN算法的碳纸原纸性能指标建模预测研究

本研究通过改变碳纤维长度、碳纤维占比、分散剂用量等工艺参数,制备不同碳纸原纸,探究不同工艺参数对其抗张强度、孔隙率、透气性、电阻率的影响,采用遗传算法改进反向传播神经网络算法（GA-BPNN算法）,构建了碳纸原纸性能预测模型。结果表明,碳纤维长度与碳纸原纸抗张强度、孔隙率、透气性呈正相关,与电阻率呈负相关;碳纤维占比与碳纸原纸抗张强度呈负相关,与孔隙率、透气性、电阻率呈正相关;分散剂用量与碳纸原纸抗张强度、电阻率呈正相关,与孔隙率、透气性呈负相关;碳纸原纸抗张强度、孔隙率、透气性、电阻率预测模型平均相对误差（MRE）分别为5.49%、5.75%、5.21%、5.54%,预测模型MRE均小于10%,与实验得到的工艺参数对碳纸原纸性能的关系趋势一致。     

2014年全国人造板饰面专用原纸销量约78.6万t

<正>据中国林产工业协会装饰纸专业委员会对我国具有一定规模的人造板饰面专用原纸企业的不完全统计,2014年我国人造板饰面专用原纸销量合计78.6万t,同比增长14.11%,其中装饰原纸销量70.9万t,同比增长20.41%;装饰原纸中含素色纸25.8万t,同比下降11.64%;含印刷用原纸45.1万t,同比增长51.75%;平衡纸销量5.7万t,同比下降13.64%;表层纸销量2.0万t。     

吸尘袋纸透气度和耐破度的影响因素研究

研究了纤维特性、打浆度、化学纤维用量、原纸紧度、浆内添加增强剂及表面施胶等因素对吸尘袋纸透气度和耐破度的影响规律。结果表明,降低浆料打浆度,能有效提高吸尘袋纸原纸透气度,浆料的打浆度从10～11°SR降低至8～9°SR时,原纸的透气度提高53%以上;随着化学纤维用量的增加,原纸透气度呈上升趋势,当化学纤维用量达15%时,原纸透气度比不加化学纤维的透气度增加108%,但通过降低打浆度来减少化学纤维用量,是性价比较优的方案;将原纸紧度由0.3 g/cm~3提高到0.4 g/cm~3,吸尘袋纸原纸的耐破度提高45%～55%;表面施胶量约5 g/m~2时,吸尘袋纸的耐破度比原纸提高80%～110%。     

Probiotics and prebiotics--perspectives and challenges

Owing to their health benefits, probiotics and prebiotics are nowadays widely used in yogurts and fermented milks, which are leader products of functional foods worldwide. The world market for functional foods has grown rapidly in the last three decades, with an estimated size in 2003 of ca US$ 33 billion, while the European market estimation exceeded US$ 2 billion in the same year. However, the production of probiotics and prebiotics at industrial scale faces several challenges, including the search for economical and abundant raw materials for prebiotic production, the low-cost production of probiotics and the improvement of probiotic viability after storage or during the manufacturing process of the functional food. In this review, functional foods based on probiotics and prebiotics are introduced as a key biotechnological field with tremendous potential for innovation. A concise state of the art addressing the fundamentals and challenges for the development of new probiotic- and prebiotic-based foods is presented, the niches for future research being clearly identified and discussed.     

常用消毒灭菌法及其机理与应用

介绍了采用消毒灭菌方法,有加热消毒法,紫外线辐射法和化学药剂消毒法。常用化学药剂有醛类、含氯消毒剂、醇类消毒剂以及高锰酸钾、生石灰等,阐释了消毒与灭菌两个概念的区别。     

European citizen and consumer attitudes and preferences regarding beef and pork

This paper presents the combined mid-term findings of the consumer research components of two EU Sixth Framework Programme integrated projects concerning meat, ProSafeBeef and Q-PorkChains. The consumer pillar of ProSafeBeef carried out eight focus group discussions in May 2008, in France, Germany, Spain and the UK. Q-PorkChains conducted a large-scale, web-based, consumer survey in January 2008 in Belgium, Denmark, Germany, Greece and Poland. The first project provides a set of qualitative data from a small cohort of focus groups and the second a set of quantitative data from a larger consumer sample. This paper draws together the main findings of both projects and provides a comprehensive overview of European citizens’ and consumers’ attitudes towards and preferences regarding beef and pork. In general, consumers consider meat to be a healthy and important component of the diet. Consumers support the development of technologies that can improve the health attributes of meat products and guarantee eating quality, but they have a negative view of what they see to be excessive manipulation and lack of naturalness in the production and processing of beef products. In the Q-PorkChains study consumer and citizen segments are identified and profiled. Consumer segments were built upon the frequency and variety of pork consumption. The citizen segments were built upon their attitudes towards pig production systems. Overall, the relationship between individuals’ views as citizens and their behaviour as consumers was found to be quite weak and did not appear to greatly or systematically influence meat-buying habits. Future studies in both projects will concentrate on consumers’ acceptance of innovative meat product concepts and products, with the aim of boosting consumer trust and invigorating the European beef and pork industries.     

益生素、益生菌与结肠癌

介绍了益生素和益生菌及其作用机理。在动物模型中，有大量的数据证实益生素和益生菌能够预防癌症．而在人体内还没有直接实验证据。它们抑制癌症的确切机理目前尚不清楚，其抑制机理可能是：肠道菌群代谢活动的改变，肠道理化环境的改变，潜在的致癌物质的黏附和降解，肠道菌群的改变、抗癌或抗诱变物质的形成、提高宿主的免疫应答、影响宿主的生理活动以及发酵不能被消化的食物并形成有益代谢产物。     

节能节水型印染助剂和设备的现状

从节能、节水、缩短工艺流程和环保的角度出发，介绍了国内外研制开发的一系列新型节能、节水型印染助剂和染整设备。     

原花色素及其开发应用

对原花色素的结构、化学特性、制备、分析方法、应用前景作一综述,并重点讨论其生理功能,为在功能性食品、药物、化妆品等领域的深入研究和开发提供参考。     

天然香精香料与生物技术

天然香精香料是高价值的精细化工产品和食品添加剂,但原料来源有限且提取成本高。利用生物技术生产这类产品具有广阔的前景。简述了发酵工程、酶工程、细胞工程和基因工程在香精香料中的应用,并探讨了生物技术在香精香料中的应用前景。     

毛霉型低盐速成豆豉工业化生产工艺与设备

本文介绍了毛霉型低盐速成豆豉的工业化生产工艺及生产线的关键设备。     

组学技术与果蔬采后质量和安全控制

果蔬可以提供营养, 有利于人类健康, 而果蔬的后熟及其与环境的相互作用会影响果蔬采后的质量和安全。对果蔬生物学过程的了解和掌握是减少果蔬采后损失和保障果蔬采后质量和安全的关键。在过去的10多年, 基于组学技术的系统生物学在了解果蔬后熟及其与环境相互作用的分子机制方面得到了越来越多的应用。本文对此做了细致的总结, 指出了存在的不足, 并提出了未来的发展方向。     

Heritability and correlations for body condition score and dairy form within and across lactation and age

The objectives of the current study were to investigate the relationship between body condition score (BCS) and dairy form and changes in genetic parameters for BCS and dairy form within and across lactations and age. Body condition score and dairy form were obtained from the Holstein Association USA, Inc. Records were edited to include those cows classified between 24 and 60 mo of age and between 0 and 335 d in milk (DIM). A minimum of 20 daughters per sire and 15 cows per herd-classification visit were required. The dataset consisted of 135,178 records from 119,215 cows. Repeatability, multiple trait, and random regression models were used to analyze the data. All models included fixed effects for herd-classification visit, age within lactations 1, 2, and 3 or higher, and 5th-order polynomials for DIM. Random effects included sire and permanent environment for all models. Random regression models included age at classification nested within sire or DIM and lactation number nested within sire. Genetic variance for both BCS and dairy form was lowest in early lactation and highest in midlactation. Genetic correlations within and across lactations were high. The genetic correlation between DIM 0 in lactation 1 and DIM 305 in lactation 3 was estimated to be 0.77 for BCS and 0.60 for dairy form. The genetic correlation estimate between 30 mo of age at classification and 50 mo of age at classification was 0.94 for both dairy form and BCS. The repeatability models appeared to generate accurate evaluations for BCS or dairy form at all ages and stages of lactation.