纵向NPN管ESD保护结构的设计与分析

针对一种5V0.6μm BiCMOS工艺的纵向NPN管,设计了ESD保护结构。为了克服传统纵向NPN管ESD自触发结构触发电压较高的缺陷,提出一种带P+/N阱二极管的改进型自触发ESD结构,利用NPN管集电极与基极之间的寄生电容和二极管作为电容耦合元件。流片及测试结果表明,该保护结构的触发电压得到有效降低,且抗ESD能力超过4kV的人体模型。     

一种抑制ESD保护电路闩锁效应的版图研究

针对具有低压触发特性的静电放电(electrostatic discharge,ESD)保护电路易闩锁的不足,本文结合CSMC0.6μm CMOS工艺,设计了一种可应用于ESD保护电路中的独立双阱隔离布局方案,这种方案不仅可以有效的阻断形成闩锁的CMOS器件固有纵向PNP与横向NPN晶体管的耦合,且兼容原有工艺而不增加版图面积。将此布局方案与常规保护环结构同时应用于笔者研制的具有低压快速触发特性双通路ESD保护电路中,通过流片及测试对比表明,该布局方案在不影响保护电路特性的同时,较常规保护环结构更为有效的克服了保护电路的闩锁效应,从而进一步提升了该保护电路的鲁棒性指标。本文的布局方案为次亚微米MOS ESD保护电路版图设计提供了一种新的参考依据。     

机械应力对双极晶体管β的影响研究

在芯片制造工艺过程中,机械应力对纵向NPN管共射电流增益β有很大影响。通过对上方第二层铝开槽可使β值回升。在第一层铝与第二层铝间的IMD层中加入压应力Si₃N₄膜,尺寸最大的NPN管的β恢复正常,而其他尺寸的NPN、PNP管的β均有不同程度上升。应用能带理论分析了应力对双极晶体管β的影响机制。结果表明,体硅(100)晶面内的应力对纵向NPN和纵向PNP管的β均有很大影响,并通过实验得到了验证。     

多晶硅发射极NPN管的辐射效应研究

为了研究多晶硅发射极双极晶体管的辐射可靠性,对多晶硅发射极NPN管进行了不同偏置条件下⁶⁰Co γ射线的高剂量率辐照试验和室温退火试验。试验结果表明,辐射后,基极电流IB显著增大,而集电极电流IC变化不大;反偏偏置条件下,IB的辐射损伤效应在辐射后更严重;室温退火后,IB有一定程度的持续损伤。多晶硅发射极NPN管与单晶硅发射极NPN管的辐射对比试验结果表明,多晶硅发射极NPN管的抗辐射性能较好。从器件结构和工艺条件方面,分析了多晶硅发射极NPN管的辐射损伤机理。分析了多晶硅发射极NPN管与单晶硅发射极NPN管的辐射损伤区别。     

高压BCDMOS集成电路的工艺集成

对高压13CD--MOS器件的结构和工艺进行了研究,用器件模拟MEDICI和工艺模拟T-SUPREM软件分别对器件结构和工艺参数进行了设计优化．在工艺兼容的前提下,设计制作了包含NPN、PNP、NMOS、PMOS、高压LDMOS等结构的BCDMOS集成电路样管．测试结果表明,样管性能与模拟结果相符．     

基于多晶外基区及SIC技术的高速NPN管设计

提出了一种先进的双多晶硅非自对准NPN管的器件结构,并实际用于一种高性能NPN管的研制.该器件结构主要通过多晶外基区减小基区电阻和基区结面积,以及使用SIC技术减小集电极电阻的方式,极大地提升了NPN管的特征频率.通过实际工艺流片验证,实现了BVCEO=5.6 V、fT=13.5 GHz的高速NPN管.该器件结构较双多晶自对准器件结构易于加工,可以广泛用于其他高速互补双极器件的研制.     

一种全NPN AB类输出级设计

高性能的输出级是运算放大器和功率放大器的重要组成部分,AB类输出级因其具有高转换效率和低失真的特性而被广泛应用。对于标准双极工艺,NPN晶体管的工作频率远高于PNP晶体管。本文采用全NPN晶体管实现了一种高速、宽输出电压摆幅的输出级,可以达到更高的工作频率,能够满足高速和宽带的需求。该输出级还具有输出短路电流保护、全电源电压保护和ESD保护功能,已应用到某运算放大器的设计中。经测试验证,可满足信号处理的要求。     

2.4GHz低噪声放大器的全芯片ESD保护设计

设计并流片验证了一种0.18μmRFCMOS工艺的2.4GHz低噪声放大器的全芯片静电放电(ESD)保护方案。对于射频(RF)I/O口的ESD防护,主要对比了二极管、可控硅(SCR)以及不同版图的互补型SCR,经流片与测试,发现岛屿状互补型SCR对I/O端口具有很好的ESD防护综合性能。对于电源口的ESD防护,主要研究了不同触发方式的ESD保护结构,结果表明,RCMOS触发SCR结构(RCMOS-SCR)具有良好的ESD鲁棒性和开启速度。基于上述结构的全芯片ESD保护设计,RF I/O口采用岛屿状布局的互补SCR结构的ESD防护设计,该ESD防护电路引入0.16dB的噪声系数和176fF的寄生电容,在人体模型(HBM)下防护能力可达6kV;电源口采用了RCMOS-SCR,实现了5kV HBM的ESD保护能力,该设计方案已经在有关企业得到应用。     

一种基于CMOS工艺的新型结构ESD保护电路

根据伞芯片静电放电(ESD)损伤防护理论,设计了一种新犁结构保护电路,采用0.6μm标准CMOS p阱工艺进行了新型保护电路的多项目晶圆(MPW)投片验证.通过对同一MPW中的新型结构ESD保护电路和具有同样宽长比的传统栅极接地MOS(GG-nMOS)保护电路的传输线脉冲测试,结果表明在不增加额外工艺步骤的前提下,本文设计的新型结构ESD保护电路芯片面积减少了约22%,静态电流更低,而抗ESD电压提高了近32%.该保护电路通过了5kV的人体模型测试.     

NMOS管Snapback特性ESD仿真模型研究

随着集成电路特征尺寸的不断缩小,ESD的问题始终困扰着芯片设计师们。文章提出了一种宏模型用于ESD的snapback仿真,它包含一个MOS管、一个NPN晶体管和一个衬底电阻,没有外部的电流源。简化的宏模型没有必要使用行为级的语言,如Verilog-A、VHDL-A。这使得仿真速度和收敛性得到提高。同时比较了三种先进的BJT模型:VBIC、Mextram、HICUM。模型参数可以通过模型参数提取软件(BSIMProPlus、ICCAP等)提取。     

Characteristics of low-leakage deep-trench diode for ESD protection design in 0.18-/spl mu/m SiGe BiCMOS process

This paper proposes a novel low-leakage BiCMOS deep-trench (DT) diode in a 0.18-/spl mu/m silicon germanium (SiGe) BiCMOS process. By means of the DT and an n/sup +/ buried layer in the SiGe BiCMOS process, a parasitic vertical p-n-p bipolar transistor with an open-base configuration is formed in the BiCMOS DT diode. Based on the two-dimensional (2-D) simulation and measured results, the BiCMOS DT diode indeed has the lowest substrate leakage current as compared to the conventional p/sup +//n-well diode even at high temperature conditions, which mainly results from the existence of the parasitic open-base bipolar transistor. Considering the applications of the diode string in electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection circuit designs, the BiCMOS DT diode string also provides a good ESD performance. Owing to the characteristics of the low leakage current and high ESD robustness, it is very convenient for circuit designers to use the BiCMOS DT diode string in their IC designs.     

Quasi-3D simulation approach for comparative evaluation of triggering ESD protection structures

A 2D simulation approach that takes into account the 3D effects of electro-thermal instability during electrostatic discharge (ESD) operation, is presented. The method is used to provide physical evaluation of a safe operation regime for BiCMOS ESD protection structures and circuits. The methodology is demonstrated through the application to Si–Ge NPN bipolar transistors, snapback NMOS and LVTSCR structures.     

Process influence on product CDM ESD performance

Effective ESD protection circuit design has become challenging due to rapid advances in process technology. This study was launched to address those concerns in deep sub-micron technologies and to look for a process windows that preserve CDM ESD robustness for a given ESD protection designs. Experimental results for 0.18 μm integrated CPU’s together with process window effects on CDM robustness are presented and discussed. The correlation between electrical characteristics and some of the common failure modes are described. It is shown that transistor off current lower than critical value can lead to degradation in time and an eventual secondary breakdown in a parasitic NPN transistor that results in unexpected CDM sensitivity.     

Investigation and application of vertical NPN devices for RF ESD protection in BiCMOS technology

BiCMOS technologies have been used to implement the radio-frequency (RF) integrated circuits (ICs) due to the advantages of low noise, low power consumption, high drive, and high speed. The electrostatic discharge (ESD) is one of the important reliability issues of IC. When the ESD events happen, the ESD protection devices must be turned on immediately to protect the ICs, including the RF ICs in BiCMOS technologies. In this work, the vertical NPN (VNPN) devices in 0.18 μm silicon-germanium (SiGe) BiCMOS technology with base-emitter shorted and resistor trigger approaches are investigated. In component-level, using transmission-line-pulsing (TLP) and ESD simulator test the IV characteristics and human-body-model (HBM) robustness of the VNPN devices, respectively. In system-level, using ESD gun tests the system-level ESD robustness. The ESD protection of VNPN devices are further applied to a 2.4 GHz low-noise amplifier (LNA). After attaching the VNPN devices to LNA, the RF characteristics are not degraded while the ESD robustness can be much improved.     

Investigation of a SiGe HBT during ESD stress in a 0.18-/spl mu/m SiGe BiCMOS process

This paper investigates the electrostatic discharge (ESD) characteristics of the silicon-germanium heterojunction bipolar transistor (SiGe HBT) in a 0.18-/spl mu/m SiGe BiCMOS process. According to this letter, the open base configuration in the SiGe HBT has lower trigger voltage and higher ESD robustness than a common base configuration. As compared to the gate-grounded NMOS and PMOS in a bulk CMOS process, the SiGe HBT has a higher ESD efficiency from the layout area point of view. Additionally, any trigger biases used to improve the ESD robustness of the SiGe HBT are observed as invalid, and even they can work successfully in bulk CMOS process.     

A BiCMOS technology with 660-MHz vertical p-n-p transistor foranalog/digital ASICs

A fully complementary BiCMOS technology based on a 2-μm process designed for 12-V analog/digital applications is described. In this technology, a triple diffused vertical p-n-p transistor and n-p-n bipolar and CMOS devices are integrated in a single chip. A transition frequency of 660 MHz and a collector-to-emitter breakdown voltage of over 15 V have been obtained for the collector-isolated p-n-p transistor by adding only one extra mask to a conventional 2-μm BiCMOS process. The total number of masks is 20 with double-layer metallization. A unity gain frequency of 52 MHz and a DC gain of 85 dB have been obtained for a single-supply operational amplifier with a vertical p-n-p first stage. The propagation delay time for a CMOS two-NAND gate was 1.27 ns driving three loads and 3 mm of metal     

锗硅BiCMOS中的低成本、高性能PNP器件设计与制备

设计了一种新颖的伪垂直结构PNP晶体管。在锗硅BiCMOS工艺基础上,仅增加基区和集电区两道离子注入,以低成本工艺实现了优良的性能。晶体管电流增益在30以上,击穿电压大于7V,特征频率10GHz,满足高速电路设计的要求。     

指数型温度补偿BiCMOS带隙基准电压源设计

利用双极型管电流增益的温度特性,采用UMC0.6μm BiCMOS工艺设计了一款指数型温度补偿BiCMOS带隙基准电压源。测试结果表明:温度在10°C～100°C之间变化,带隙基准电压随温度变化最大偏移为2.5mV;电源电压在2.5～5.0V之间变化,带隙基准电压随电源电压直流变化最大偏移为0.95mV。该带隙基准电压具有较高的温度稳定性和电压稳定性。