响应面法优化柑橘皮柠檬苦素提取工艺

为优化柑橘皮中柠檬苦素的提取工艺,在单因素试验基础上,采用响应面分析法研究了提取时间、提取温度和液料比对柑橘皮柠檬苦素得率的影响,建立具有良好预测性能的数学模型,通过响应面分析法确定柑橘皮中柠檬苦素最优提取工艺条件。试验结果表明,提取温度和液料比对柑橘皮柠檬苦素得率的影响显著,最优提取条件为:提取时间20h,提取温度为51.5℃和液料比为96∶3(mL/g)。     

甜橙皮渣中柠檬苦素类似物提取工艺研究

以硫酸调节的酸性水为提取剂,采用单因素实验和正交实验探讨了料液比、提取温度、时间和提取剂pH对甜橙皮渣中柠檬苦素类似物提取的影响,并确定了最佳的工艺参数为温度65℃、时间1.5h、提取剂pH为4、料液比1∶12,在该工艺路线下提取柠檬苦素类似物的得率为1.19mg/g(鲜重)。     

柑桔中柠檬苦素超声提取工艺及含量分析

以乙醇为提取溶剂,采用高效液相色谱进行分析,结合单因素和正交试验对超声波提取柑橘皮中柠檬苦素的提取工艺进行优化。探讨不同粒径的柑橘皮与提取次数对提取得率的影响,结果表明,最佳提取工艺条件为料液比1:7(W/V)、提取温度50℃、提取时间30min、粒径80目,反复提取四次即可达到提取完全。用优化后的提取条件对不同时期、不同品种的柑橘皮以及柑橘不同组织部位的柠檬苦素含量进行研究,结果表明椪柑橘籽中柠檬苦素的含量比椪柑橘皮中含量高很多;湘西椪柑籽中柠檬苦素的含量最高;随着椪柑橘的成熟,柠檬苦素的含量呈下降趋势。湘西椪柑橘籽中柠檬苦素含量最高,可达0.0169%。     

常山胡柚皮柠檬苦素提取工艺

利用高效液相色谱法对常山胡柚皮中柠檬苦素的含量进行测定,比较了有机溶剂提取、水提取、超声波辅助提取条件下,常山胡柚皮中柠檬苦素的提取得率。结果表明:用乙醇提取时,提取温度50℃,料液比1∶20(g/m L),提取时间60 min,柠檬苦素得率为2.97 mg/g;用水提取时,提取温度80℃,料液比1∶25(g/m L),提取时间90 min,柠檬苦素得率为2.42 mg/g。超声辅助提取时,以乙醇作为提取溶剂,柠檬苦素得率为3.32 mg/g;以水作为提取溶剂,柠檬苦素得率为2.87 mg/g。     

响应面法优化碱性水提取柑桔皮渣类黄酮工艺研究

试验使用氢氧化钠溶液调节纯水pH,得到pH为10的碱性水为提取溶剂,以热浸提方法提取柑桔皮渣中类黄酮。在单因素试验的基础上,利用三元二次旋转组合试验设计及响应面分析法,优化热浸提时间、温度及料液比,建立此3因素与类黄酮得率之间的数学模型。经试验确定碱性水提取柑桔皮渣中类黄酮的最佳工艺条件为:热浸提时间为2.2h、料液比为1:12(g/mL)、提取温度为64.6℃。在此最佳工艺条件下,类黄酮的得率为0.115%。     

响应面法优化猕猴桃皮渣可溶性膳食纤维提取工艺

以猕猴桃皮渣为原料,采用酸水解法从猕猴桃皮渣中提取可溶性膳食纤维。通过单因素试验和响应面分析法,考察料液比、浸提液pH 值、提取温度、提取时间对可溶性膳食纤维提取率的影响,优化提取工艺参数。结果表明,酸水解法提取猕猴桃皮渣可溶性膳食纤维的最佳提取工艺条件为料液比1:37(g/ml)、浸提液pH2.5、提取温度80℃、提取时间100min,在该条件下可溶性膳食纤维的得率为47.74%。     

响应面分析法优化菠萝皮渣多糖提取工艺研究

采用Plackett-Burman试验设计及响应面分析法,对影响超声协同热水法提取菠萝皮渣多糖的工艺参数进行优化研究。在单因素试验的基础上,首先利用Plackett-Burman试验设计对影响菠萝皮渣多糖得率的6个因素进行评价,筛选出具有显著效应的3个因素,即水浴浸提温度、料液比和超声时间,随后采用最陡爬坡试验和响应面试验设计优化这3个主要影响因素的最佳参数水平。结果发现,采用料液比1:50(g/m L)、水浴浸提温度98℃、水浴浸提时间2.5 h、超声功率120 W、超声时间40 min、超声水浴温度60℃的提取条件,菠萝皮渣多糖理论得率为1.67%,实际得率为1.62%,表明该优化工艺合理可行,可用于菠萝皮渣中粗多糖的提取。     

星点设计-效应面法优化枳雀内果皮柠檬苦素提取工艺

采用表面活性剂异丙苯磺酸钠做水溶助剂替代有机溶剂,提取枳雀内果皮中的柠檬苦素,通过单因素实验考察水溶助剂浓度、水溶助剂用量、浸泡时间3个因素对枳雀内果皮柠檬苦素得率的影响,并采用星点设计-效应面法优化柠檬苦素提取工艺。结果表明:水溶助剂异丙苯磺酸钠用量、浓度、浸提时间的二次项对柠檬苦素得率影响极显著(p<0.0001),最佳工艺参数为异丙苯磺酸钠溶液用量27.7 mL/g,异丙苯磺酸钠溶液浓度2.3 mol/L,浸提时间7.0 h时,从枳雀内果皮提取到4.32 mg/g柠檬苦素,与响应面理论值4.37 mg/g接近,表明采用星点设计-效应面法优化枳雀内果皮柠檬苦素提取工艺的方法可行。     

乙醇-硫酸铵双水相体系提取柠檬渣中柠檬苦素研究

以低温烘干的柠檬渣为原料,利用乙醇-硫酸铵双水相体系提取柠檬渣中的柠檬苦素。通过单因素实验和正交实验考察了乙醇浓度、料液比、硫酸铵用量、提取温度和提取时间对得率的影响。结果表明乙醇体积浓度为30%,料液比为1∶25g/mL,硫酸铵用量为9g,提取温度为60℃,提取时间为1h时,得率最高。在此条件下进行了3次平行实验,平均得率可达0.279%,而且实验重现性好。     

脐橙皮中柠檬苦素的双水相提取及显色研究

以低温烘干的脐橙皮为原料,利用乙醇-硫酸铵双水相体系提取脐橙皮中的柠檬苦素。利用分光光度计法,研究显色温度等因素对柠檬苦素显色性质的影响,得出最合适的显色温度为30℃。在此基础上,建立柠檬苦素的标准曲线,并通过单因素试验和正交试验考察了乙醇浓度、料液比、硫酸铵用量、提取温度和提取时间对提取率的影响。结果表明:当乙醇体积浓度为60%,料液比为1∶20(g/m L),硫酸铵用量为12 g,提取温度为50℃,提取时间为4 h时,提取率最高。在此条件下作了5次平行试验,平均得率可达0.345 3%,而且试验重现性好。     

水溶性食物纤维强化柑桔汁饮料的开发研究─再论中国产HB801吸附树脂对柑桔苦味物质的脱除效果

本试验对已吸附树脂脱苦处理后的柑桔皮果胶液，用于水溶性食物纤维强化柑桔汁饮料的开发进行了研究。在以前研究的基础上［１］，对３种吸附树脂不同处理的样品中残留的苦味成分柚皮苷和柠碱的含量，应用高效液相色谱仪进行了分析。证明了中国产ＨＢ８０１的脱苦效果稍优于目前国际果汁饮料业界常用的美国产ＡｍｂｅｒｌｉｔｅＸＡＤ－２等。同时还试制了已经ＨＢ８０１脱苦处理后的柑桔皮果胶液作为水溶性食物纤维的强化柑桔汁饮料。为使普通柑桔皮果胶液适用于饮料生产，本文作了一些探索。     

两种微波装置提取柑橘皮总黄酮的工艺比较

分别利用微波化学反应器(简称微化装置)和微波消解/萃取系统(简称微消装置)提取柑橘皮总黄酮。通过L9(34)正交实验设计,以固液比、乙醇浓度、提取时间、微波功率(微化装置)或提取温度(微消装置)为考察因素,分别优化并比较了2种微波装置的提取工艺。微化装置最佳提取工艺条件为:固液比1:30,70%乙醇作提取剂,于240W下微波提取2.0min,此时总黄酮得率为4.72mg/g;微消装置最佳工艺条件为:固液比1:20,70%乙醇作提取剂,于160℃下微波萃取3.0min,此时总黄酮得率为9.15mg/g,得率约为前者的2倍。分析讨论了微消装置得率较高的原因,分别应用2种微波装置提取3个不同品种的柑橘皮样品。结果表明:微消装置提取柑橘皮总黄酮较常规微波辅助提取法更为有效,可用于高效、快速、简便地提取天然产物有效成分。     

国产HB801吸附树脂对柑桔汁脱苦效果的研究

以国产HB801吸附树脂采用分批混合法对几个品种柑桔汁及柑桔皮果胶液进行脱苦处理,对脱苦效果进行了感官评判,又应用放射免疫法测定了试样中残留的苦味成分柚皮苷和柠碱的含量,充分肯定了HB801吸附树脂对柑桔苦味成分的脱除效果,同时还初步探讨了混合比率、吸附时间对脱苦效果的影响及脱苦处理中柑桔汁营养成分的吸附减量问题。     

Reactivation of the cellulose acetate gel bead column used for the removal of limonin from citrus juices

Simple water washes reactivated a cellulose acetate gel bead column after its use to remove the bitter principle limonin from citrus juices on a pilot-plant scale, preferably after the passage of 10 bed volumes (BV) of juice. Initially, washes with water equal in volume to the treated juice were effective because they removed inhibitors of limonin adsorption but the column would eventually become poisoned. A regime was established for long term operation of the column from the results of monitoring the limonin content and chemical oxygen demand of the wash waters. These results could be fitted to standard mathematical equations for extraction processes and these equations were used, in conjunction with previously developed equations for the adsorption of limonin from citrus juices, to calculate the conditions for the steady-state operation of the column. A three-column unit is suggested as a suitable basis for the adsorptive treatment of juice within a continuous processing line. Ten BV of juice would be passed through two of the columns in series at 2.5 BV h^?1 reducing the limonin content by about 50-70% while the third column was being reactivated by the passage of 16 BV of warm water at 3.8 BV. After 4 h^?1, the first of the two linked columns would be reactivated and the second would become the first of the new pair of linked columns with the newly reactivated column as the second component.     

柑橘皮中川陈皮素超声提取工艺及含量分析

以甲醇为提取溶剂,采用超声波提取柑橘皮中川陈皮素,并用高效液相色谱进行分析,结合单因素和正交实验对超声波提取柑橘皮中川陈皮素的提取工艺进行优化,探讨不同因素对柑橘皮中川陈皮素提取含量的影响。结果表明,最佳提取工艺条件为:90%甲醇、料液比1∶50(W/V)、提取温度50℃、提取时间60min。用优化后的提取条件进行加标回收实验,回收率为90.5%,并用于几样柑橘皮中川陈皮素含量测定。结果表明,精品橙皮中川陈皮素的含量最高。     

Important flavonoids and limonin in selected Thai citrus residues

The distributions of important flavonoids and limonin in selected Thai citrus residues were investigated in this study. The residues of interest were peels of pomelo (Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck cv. Kao Yai and cv. Kao Nampheung), residues after juice extraction of tangerine (Citrus reticulata Blanco cv. Sainamphueng and cv. Bangmod) and peels and residues after juice extraction of kaffir lime (Citrus hystrix DC). Flavonoids were characterized and quantified in terms of flavanones, i.e., naringin and hesperidin, and polymethoxyflavones (PMFs), i.e., nobiletin, sinensetin and tangeretin. Naringin was a dominant flavanone in polmelo peels. Three PMFs were found in all samples with varying contents. Comparing the samples, residues from tangerine cv. Bangmod exhibited the highest value of each PMFs. Limonin was present in small amounts in pomelo peels and residues after juice extraction of tangerine and kaffir lime. All samples were good sources of dietary fibre, with a total dietary fibre content of more than 60 g/100 g on a dry weight basis with high proportion of soluble dietary fibre.     

Minerals, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant capacity of citrus peel extract by hot water

ABSTRACT:  Some dried citrus peels, more familiar as chenpi in China, have been widely used in traditional Chinese medicines from ancient times. This paper reports the efficiency of infusion cooking on extracting minerals and phenolic compounds (flavanone glycosides [FGs], polymethoxylated flavones [PMFs], and phenolic acids), and also antioxidant activity of hot water extract of citrus peels. Peels of 2 citrus varieties, namely, Satsuma mandarin ( C. unshiu Marc.) and Ponkan ( C. poonensis Hort. ex Tanaka), which belong to C. reticulata , were selected. As a result, hot water extraction was efficient in extracting phenolic acids and some minerals. As for citrus flavonoids, narirutin, nobiletin, and tangeretin were easier to extract than hesperidin. The result of antioxidant capacity assays indicated that for citrus peels, hot water extract had almost the same capacity as the methanol extract. We suggested that Ponkan was more suitable as the source of chenpi , since its hot water extract had much higher content of phenolic acids, FGs and PMFs, and higher antioxidant capacity than those of Satsuma mandarin. Generally, to raise the extraction temperature or to prolong the time could not yield higher content of phenolic compounds and stronger antioxidant capacity, though the content of minerals increased to some extent. Furthermore, a 2nd-time extraction seemed necessary since considerable minerals and phenolic compounds could be obtained by doing so. Finally, we suggested that 2 times extraction at 100 °C for 30 min was proper to extract the minerals and phenolic compounds in chenpi .     

柑橘柠檬苦素大孔树脂分离纯化方法

以柑橘柠檬苦素为考察指标,研究大孔树脂分离纯化柠檬苦素的工艺条件。结果表明,D101大孔树脂对柑橘柠檬苦素有较好的吸附分离性能,是分离纯化柑橘柠檬苦素的适宜大孔树脂;D101大孔树脂分离纯化柑橘柠檬苦素的最佳工艺条件为：上样流速1 mL/min、上样质量浓度0.5 mg/mL、用 pH 6、80%的乙醇溶液作洗脱剂、洗脱流速2 mL/min。通过树脂回收重复使用,发现D101树脂通过再生处理后,其吸附性能未有明显降低,可以重复使用。采用上述方法得到D101大孔树脂对柠檬苦素的吸附率为88.53%,解吸率为93.47%,得率为82.75%。高效液相色谱检测可知,柠檬苦素的含量达到了92.79%。