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纳米纤维素制备方法的研究现状 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3
纳米纤维素由于其生物可降解性、低密度、高机械性能和可再生性而受到广泛关注。本文主要介绍了由木材或农业/林业剩余物生产的纳米纤维素的分类及制备方法,包括制备纤维素纳米晶体的无机酸水解法和酶水解法以及有机酸水解法、固体酸水解法、离子液体法、低共熔溶剂法和美国高附加值制浆法(American value added pulping,AVAP)等新型制备方法,同时介绍了制备纤维素纳米纤丝常用的预处理法和后续机械处理法,其中预处理法主要包括氧化、酶、有机酸、高碘酸盐氧化、低共熔溶剂、离子液体和溶剂辅助等多种预处理手段。最后分析了纳米纤维素的制备方法中亟待解决的问题,并展望了纳米纤维素的广阔应用前景。 相似文献
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纳米纤维素/纳米铜复合材料兼顾了纳米纤维素的优异力学和光学性能、高比表面积、低热膨胀系数、环境友好等特性以及铜的导电、导热、抗菌等性能,近年来在锂离子电池、多相催化、抗菌领域有广泛的应用。本文首先分别介绍了纳米纤维素和纳米铜的制备方法和理化特性;重点阐述了纳米纤维素/纳米铜复合材料的制备方法(物理沉积法和化学还原法)、理化特性(导电性能、催化性能和抗菌性能)及其在电子器件、催化剂和抗菌材料的应用进展;最后总结了纳米纤维素/纳米铜复合材料存在的问题并展望了未来的发展趋势。 相似文献
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纳米纤维素因具有可再生、易改性以及优异的机械性能,在众多领域具有广阔的应用前景。植物来源的纳米纤维素主要包括纤维素纳米晶体和纤维素纳米纤维,本文主要介绍了以农副产品为原料的纤维素纳米化处理技术及其分类,包括制备纤维素纳米晶体的经典无机酸水解法以及有机酸水解法、低共熔溶剂法和离子液体法等新型制备方法。此外,还介绍了制备纤维素纳米纤维常用的预处理手段和制备方法,预处理方法包括以2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-1-氧自由基氧化为代表的氧化法预处理以及酶法预处理;制备方法包括高压均质、精细研磨、高强度超声和高压微射流等技术。最后,对现行纤维素纳米化处理技术中存在的问题进行综合分析,并探讨了其未来研究需求,以期为纳米纤维素的绿色高效生产提供理论参考。 相似文献
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纳米纤维素具有可再生性、可生物降解性等优点,是当前纳米技术领域的研究热点。文章对有关纳米纤维素的相关论文、专利和国家自然科学基金资助项目情况进行了统计,分析了国内纳米纤维素的研究进展,以期为纳米科学领域的研究人员提供参考。检索关键词为纳米微晶纤维素、纳纤化纤维素、微纤化纤维素、细菌纤维素,检索时间范围为:2001.01~2015.10。研究结果表明,2011年后,纳米纤维素研究发展迅速,论文发文量呈快速上升趋势,并进入技术成长期;2010年后,相关专利申请数量稳步上升,纳米微晶纤维素和细菌纤维素的相关专利数量增长明显;2011年,国家自然科学基金相关项目的申请数量快速增多。 相似文献
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纳米纤维素是一种绿色可再生的生物基纳米材料,由于其特殊的物化性质备受学术界和工业界的广泛关注。清洁高效的纳米纤维素制备方法的建立对实现其规模化生产和商业化应用尤为重要。本文主要综述了甲酸水解法清洁制备纳米纤维素的研究进展。与传统的无机强酸水解法相比,甲酸水解法制备纳米纤维素的主要优点包括:甲酸易回收和回用,可确保整个制备过程的清洁;甲酸在水解纤维素的同时,也与纤维素表面羟基发生反应,从而在纤维素表面引入酯基,同步实现纳米纤维素的制备与表面改性;通过反应条件的控制,可实现纳米纤维素形貌和性质的可控制备。此外,本文还概括介绍了甲酸水解法制备的纳米纤维素的功能性应用和展望。由于其特殊的表面性质,甲酸水解法制备的纳米纤维素在构建异质膜器件、Pickering乳液,以及橡胶和塑料复合材料加填等领域具有广阔的应用前景。 相似文献
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常用消毒灭菌法及其机理与应用 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
介绍了采用消毒灭菌方法,有加热消毒法,紫外线辐射法和化学药剂消毒法。常用化学药剂有醛类、含氯消毒剂、醇类消毒剂以及高锰酸钾、生石灰等,阐释了消毒与灭菌两个概念的区别。 相似文献
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Figueroa-González I Quijano G Ramírez G Cruz-Guerrero A 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》2011,91(8):1341-1348
Owing to their health benefits, probiotics and prebiotics are nowadays widely used in yogurts and fermented milks, which are leader products of functional foods worldwide. The world market for functional foods has grown rapidly in the last three decades, with an estimated size in 2003 of ca US$ 33 billion, while the European market estimation exceeded US$ 2 billion in the same year. However, the production of probiotics and prebiotics at industrial scale faces several challenges, including the search for economical and abundant raw materials for prebiotic production, the low-cost production of probiotics and the improvement of probiotic viability after storage or during the manufacturing process of the functional food. In this review, functional foods based on probiotics and prebiotics are introduced as a key biotechnological field with tremendous potential for innovation. A concise state of the art addressing the fundamentals and challenges for the development of new probiotic- and prebiotic-based foods is presented, the niches for future research being clearly identified and discussed. 相似文献
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The objectives of the current study were to investigate the relationship between body condition score (BCS) and dairy form and changes in genetic parameters for BCS and dairy form within and across lactations and age. Body condition score and dairy form were obtained from the Holstein Association USA, Inc. Records were edited to include those cows classified between 24 and 60 mo of age and between 0 and 335 d in milk (DIM). A minimum of 20 daughters per sire and 15 cows per herd-classification visit were required. The dataset consisted of 135,178 records from 119,215 cows. Repeatability, multiple trait, and random regression models were used to analyze the data. All models included fixed effects for herd-classification visit, age within lactations 1, 2, and 3 or higher, and 5th-order polynomials for DIM. Random effects included sire and permanent environment for all models. Random regression models included age at classification nested within sire or DIM and lactation number nested within sire. Genetic variance for both BCS and dairy form was lowest in early lactation and highest in midlactation. Genetic correlations within and across lactations were high. The genetic correlation between DIM 0 in lactation 1 and DIM 305 in lactation 3 was estimated to be 0.77 for BCS and 0.60 for dairy form. The genetic correlation estimate between 30 mo of age at classification and 50 mo of age at classification was 0.94 for both dairy form and BCS. The repeatability models appeared to generate accurate evaluations for BCS or dairy form at all ages and stages of lactation. 相似文献
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A. FOSTER 《International journal of cosmetic science》1979,1(4):221-245
An historical reference is followed by a review of cosmetic colours’ regulations based on the EEC Directive with particular reference to the U.K. Cosmetic Products Regulations and their effect on formulation. Les reglementations des colorants pour cosmetiques 相似文献
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法国R.Stat公司活跃在导电纤维市场已有20年之久,但是,办公室雇员、宾馆客人、飞机乘客、在易爆炸环境中工作的人员、木材或纸浆工业操作人员、消防队员和军人,由于得益于R.Stat公司生产的导电纤维的保护,而免遭令人不舒服的电击,或者免遭火灾和爆炸的伤害,这些却无人知晓。 相似文献