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以海藻酸钠为壁材,基于内源乳化法制备微胶囊化的湿态花色苷,经优化喷雾干燥条件制备花色苷微胶囊,考察花色苷微胶囊粒径和形态及微胶囊化前后花色苷的光照、温度及胃肠消化稳定性。花色苷微胶囊喷雾干燥的最佳工艺条件为加热器温度120℃、进料速率12 r/min、真空压力0.03 MPa,包埋率为75.12%,平均粒径为558.2 nm。光照5 h,花色苷和花色苷微胶囊保存率分别为63.7%、82.1%;避光5 h,花色苷和花色苷微胶囊保存率分别为78.6%、91.4%;90℃条件下,花色苷和花色苷微胶囊半衰期分别为2.54、6.39 h;2 h胃消化,花色苷和花色苷微胶囊保存率分别为45.3%、83.7%;4 h肠消化,花色苷和花色苷微胶囊保存率分别为0.9%、24.4%。研究结果表明内源乳化法结合喷雾干燥制备的花色苷微胶囊的光照、温度以及胃肠消化稳定性均高于花色苷。 相似文献
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本实验以新疆伊犁产区的赤霞珠酿酒葡萄为原料,采用液相色谱-质谱(HPLC-MS)联用检测分析伊犁地区2016年整个生长发育过程中赤霞珠酿酒葡萄果实中花色苷组成和含量上的变化规律,从中分析不同类型的花色苷在葡萄果实成熟的不同阶段的比例变化。实验表明:在伊犁地区,葡萄果实中的花色苷主要以甲氧基化形式存在,甲氧基化花色苷占总花色苷的比例在葡萄的成熟发育过程中变化不大。3’5’-取代花色苷在两地区均是葡萄果实成熟发育过程中的主要花色苷类型,占花色苷总量的70%以上,当葡萄果皮中花色苷积累至最大值后,随花色苷总量的减少3’-取代花色苷占总花色苷的比例均降低;乙酰化花色苷和香豆酰化花色苷占总花色苷的比例在葡萄果实成熟发育过程中的变化不同。伊犁地区花色苷在葡萄生长发育过程中均有下降趋势,香豆酰化花色苷占总花色苷的比例在伊犁地区葡萄果实成熟发育过程中呈现无规律的变化。 相似文献
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花色苷是红葡萄酒颜色的主要物质基础.本文根据花色苷结构,对其进行了分类,即基本花色苷(非酰化花色苷)、酰化花色苷、吡喃花色苷和聚合花色苷;并对其结构和颜色的关系进行了综述讨论,为葡萄酒颜色机理的研究提供参考. 相似文献
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为了探讨贮藏温度对蓝莓汁花色苷降解的影响,本文研究了蓝莓汁在4、25、37℃贮藏120期间色泽的变化以及贮藏期间总花色苷和单个花色苷的变化规律,并在此基础上研究了花色苷的降解动力学。结果表明,在4℃下蓝莓汁颜色保存较好,25、37℃变化较大,而贮藏期间总花色苷和单个花色苷呈下降趋势。与零级动力学模型相比,总花色苷和单个花色苷在25、37℃下的降解更符合一级动力学模型,4℃总花色苷的降解与零级和一级动力学模型拟合系数小,单个花色苷中有4种符合一级动力学模型,且温度越高,花色苷的一级降解动力学常数越大,降解速度越快,半衰期越短。含有半乳糖苷的花色苷,其半衰期较阿拉伯糖苷的花色苷略长。总之,蓝莓汁色泽的改变与花色苷的降解密切相关,在较低温度下贮藏,可以明显减少花色苷的损失。 相似文献
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为了揭示紫玉米和笃斯越桔两种花色苷与牛血清白蛋白结合作用的不同,采用荧光光谱法、Zeta电位、结合粒径、胃肠吸收模拟等方法,对紫玉米、笃斯越桔花色苷与牛血清白蛋白的结合效果及对花色苷稳定性的影响进行研究。结果表明,与牛血清白蛋白结合后紫玉米及笃斯越桔两种花色苷均导致荧光强度降低,且随着花色苷浓度的增加而降低,证明两种花色苷均与牛血清白蛋白发生相互作用;紫玉米花色苷、笃斯越桔花色苷与牛血清白蛋白的结合摩尔比分别为16与24;两种花色苷均与牛血清白蛋白形成较稳定的10 nm左右粒径的颗粒;牛血清白蛋白提高了花色苷的胃肠吸收稳定性,紫玉米花色苷的稳定性提高效率高于笃斯越桔花色苷。 相似文献
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以葡萄皮渣为原料,采用双水相法提取其中的花色苷并鉴定花色苷组分。在单因素实验的基础上,通过遗传算法优化双水相法提取葡萄皮渣花色苷的工艺;利用高效液相色谱-质谱联用鉴定葡萄皮渣花色苷提取物中花色苷组分。结果表明:双水相法提取葡萄皮渣花色苷的最佳工艺为:乙醇体积分数40%、硫酸铵质量分数26%、pH3.0、料液比1:38 g/mL,在此条件下花色苷得率(3.05±0.07) mg/g。经鉴定发现葡萄皮渣花色苷提取物含有2种花色苷组分,分别为飞燕草-3-葡萄糖苷和矢车菊素-3-葡萄糖苷,其纯度分别为90.16%和92.41%。研究结果为天然花色苷提取提供一种新的提取方式,并为进一步开发花色苷功能性食品提供依据。 相似文献
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转录组测序技术能将组织或细胞在不同生理条件下的差异基因量化,是探索基因功能和揭示特定生物学过程中分子机理的必要手段。储粮害虫是严重危害储藏粮食的一类害虫,从转录组水平揭示储粮害虫生长发育、关键基因功能、抗药性分子机制等成为研究热点,极大促进了对储粮害虫特别是无参考基因组信息的害虫的研究。因此,本文系统性从生长发育相关基因的挖掘、组织特异性基因、与微生物互作机制、对环境胁迫的响应机制、磷化氢抗性机理和植物精油杀虫机理研究六个方面综述了转录组学在储粮害虫研究中的应用,旨在为储粮害虫的深入研究提供参考,对进一步进行储粮害虫防治技术开发提供理论依据。 相似文献
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食品中的亲电物质是高效低毒的核转录因子NF-E2相关因子2(Nrf2)诱导剂,通过Keap1/Nrf2/ARE通路激活Ⅱ相酶和抗氧化酶的转录。Ⅱ相酶和抗氧化蛋白可发挥慢速、长效的抗氧化和解毒作用。目前已经发现食品中有9类亲电物质,它们具有相似的结构特征。研究和开发食品中的亲电物质,将成为功能性食品新的研究领域。 相似文献
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Aflatoxins in spices marketed in Portugal 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Maria Ligia Martins Herminia Marina Martins Fernando Bernardo 《Food Additives & Contaminants》2001,18(4):315-319
Seventy-nine prepackaged samples of 12 different types of spice powders (five cardamom, five cayenne pepper, eight chilli, five cloves, seven cumin, five curry powder, five ginger, five mustard, 10 nutmeg, 12 paprika, five saffron and seven white pepper) were selected from supermarkets and ethnic shops in Lisbon (Portugal) for estimation of aflatoxins by immmunoaffinity column clean-up followed by HPLC. Aflatoxin B (AFB) was detected in 34 samples of prepackaged spices (43.0%). All of the cayenne pepper samples were contaminated with levels ranging from 2 to 32 µ g AFB / kg. Three nutmeg samples contained levels ranging from 1 to 5 µ g/kg, three samples had levels ranging from 6 to 20 µ g/kg, and there were two with 54 µ g/kg and 58 µ g/ kg. Paprika contained levels of aflatoxin B1 ranging from 1 to 20 µ g/kg. Chilli, cumin, curry powder, saffron and white pepper samples had levels ranging from 1 to 5 µ g/kg. Aflatoxins were not detected in cardamom, cloves, ginger and mustard. None of the samples analysed contained aflatoxins B2, G1 and G2. 相似文献
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Tareq M. Osaili Abbas F. Al Jamali Ibrahim M. Makhadmeh Mohammad Taha Sukiena K. Jarrar 《Food Additives and Contaminants: Part B: Surveillance Communications》2016,9(3):223-229
Heavy metals (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) in various vegetables (cabbage, green onion, lettuce, parsley, rocket, spinach, carrot, onion, potato and cauliflower) from the market in Jordan were measured using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn ranged from 0.009–0.275 mg kg?1 wet weight, 0.004–0.060 mg kg?1, 0.003–0.401 mg kg?1, 0.105–3.51 mg kg?1, 0.15–1.15 mg kg?1, 0.93–14.39 mg kg?1, 0.044–0.702 mg kg?1, 0.072–0.289 mg kg?1 and 2.23–6.65 mg kg?1, respectively. Parsley, followed by spinach, contained the highest concentration of heavy metals. Onion contained high levels of toxic heavy metals. The content of Cu in parsley and spinach and Pb in onion exceeded the Codex limits. However, the daily intake of heavy metals from the tested vegetables was lower than the maximum limits for allowable intake. 相似文献
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目的:了解浙江地区蜜饯中食品添加剂的使用情况,为蜜饯中食品添加剂超标情况的风险评估提供技术支持并探讨添加剂超限量的起因和危害,提出合理建议。方法:对浙江地区蜜饯类食品进行随机采样,按照相应的国家标准进行检测和评价。结果:蜜饯合格率96.51%,防腐剂、甜味剂的超标率分别为2.32%和1.16%。结论:浙江地区的蜜饯产品总体情况较好,个别产品存在问题。 相似文献
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Turkey, situated at the junction of two continents, benefits both from its rich Asian legacy and its proximity to neighboring European countries. Although the level of socioeconomic development places the country clearly in the group of developing countries, Turkey has been a candidate country for admission to the European Union (EU) since 1999. As a result, the conditions for capacity building in agricultural biotechnology include elements from both the industrialized and developing countries. Because of its favorable climate and time-tested farming traditions dating back to ancient Mesopotamia, the country possesses one of the richest floras in the world. This review attempts to illuminate the role and importance of local actors in introducing modern biotechnology to the Turkish agricultural system. Agricultural biotechnology, specifically plant biotechnology, has a high priority in the Turkish government's program. Public-funded research and education in this field is given due priority, but research by the private sector is relatively poorly funded. The ongoing field trials with genetically modified seeds are conducted mostly by multinational companies whose aim it is to commercialize the genetically modified organisms (GMOs) as soon as legislation concerning biotechnology is implemented. The attitude of the big farm owners to genetically modified crops is positive because they expect economic advantages from these crops. On the other hand, public awareness about genetically modified food is quite low, and neither the consumer organizations nor the media represent a particular power in this area. Thus, the power centers in agricultural biotechnology are the government and the multinational biotech companies. The local industry, the consumers, and the media have relatively less input. Moreover, communication between groups is fairly poor, and this contributes to a growing gap between the strong and the weak actors. Turkey has already decided to implement the EU regulation in contained use and the deliberate release of GMOs, which has been shaped in the European sociopolitical environment where the consumers and their organizations represent a powerful force, and where the power constellation between the actors is quite different. Nevertheless, it can be argued, that this route might still be the right choice for Turkey during the phase of introducing this high-tech method of production to its agriculture. 相似文献
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食品中内源性甲醛的研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
甲醛是一种禁止在食品中添加和使用的高毒物质.大量调查研究表明许多食品(海产品、果蔬、乳制品等)中含有不同浓度的甲醛,由此引发各种食品中甲醛事件,使其成为消费者关注和学者研究的热点问题.现有研究证明,食品中的甲醛多是由食物本身自发产生的内源性甲醛.内源性甲醛的产生与调控机制研究对开发甲醛调控技术和提高食品安全性具有重要意义.本文综述了近年来食品中内源性甲醛的产生、调控机制和技术的研究进展,分析、提炼了科学问题,在此基础上提出该领域若干研究方向,以期为食品中内源性甲醛的进一步研究提供思路和参考. 相似文献