物理粉碎方法及粒径对绿茶微粉的体外抗氧化和清除胆固醇作用的影响

研究绿茶超微物理粉碎方法及粒径对超微绿茶体外抗氧化及吸附胆固醇活性的影响。以普通绿茶和富硒绿茶为原料,采用气流粉碎、行星式球磨粉碎和振动磨粉碎3种方法制备超微绿茶,使用激光粒度分析仪和扫描电镜分析其粒径分布和形态。在此基础上,分别考察粒径对茶粉DPPH自由基清除能力和胆固醇吸附能力的影响。行星式球磨粉碎制备的超微茶粉粒径最小,其中值粒径(D50值)分别为超微富硒绿茶3.398μm和超微普通绿茶3.462μm,超微茶粉粒子呈现分布均匀的不规则碎片。超微普通绿茶比普通绿茶具有显著的DPPH自由基清除能力,超微富硒绿茶比普通富硒绿茶表现出更强的吸附胆固醇能力。超微粉碎可显著提高绿茶体外抗氧化和吸附胆固醇活性。     

负离子整理剂的制备

采用物理粉碎法应用行星式球磨机制备电气石超微粉体,分析了粉体干湿状态、氧化锆球大小、球磨时间、转速、球料比以及调浆浓度对粉料球磨效果的影响,最后确定出制备负离子整理剂的优化工艺.其最优工艺为:在湿态,磨球大中小球比例为3∶3∶4,球磨时间为6h,机器转速为300 r/min,球料比为6∶1,调浆过程中无水乙醇和粉体的比为1∶1.     

服装面料负离子整理剂的制备

采用行星式球磨机应用物理粉碎法制备电气石超微粉体,分析了粉体干湿状态、氧化锆球大小、球磨时间、转速、球料比以及调浆浓度对粉料球磨效果的影响,确定了制备负离子整理剂的优化工艺。其最优工艺为:在湿态,磨球大中小球比例为3∶3∶4,球磨时间为6h,机器转速为300r/min,球料比为6∶1,调浆过程中无水乙醇和粉体的质量比为1∶1。     

响应面法优化灰枣超微粉制备工艺及其粉体性能表征

该研究以新疆干制灰枣为原材料,采用响应面法设计优化实验,结合超微粉碎技术,研究预处理时间、乙醇浓度、料液比和超微粉碎时间对灰枣超微粉粒径、理化特性和表观性能的影响。结果表明：灰枣超微粉最佳预处理工艺条件为料液比1:3（g/mL）,预处理时间53 h,乙醇浓度60%（V/V）,超微粉碎时间为4 min,在此条件下所得粉体粒径为28.47 μm。超微粉碎后灰枣超微粉体的总糖、还原糖和蔗糖含量分别降低了42.22%、39.06%和74.78%,氨基酸和蛋白质溶出率显著提高（p<0.05）。超微粉碎后粉体亮度增强,休止角、滑角、堆密度增大。润湿时间缩短了41.99%,表明粉体润湿性提升;灰枣超微粉持水力和膨胀力分别下降了60.30%、56.28%,表明超微粉碎使粉体水合能力降低。经扫描电镜、傅立叶红外光谱分析可知,超微粉碎后粉体主要结构及基团未发生较大改变。与传统制粉工艺相比,该法所得灰枣超微粉不添加辅料,粉体品质较好且有利于控糖人群的需求,具有广阔的应用前景。     

诃子超微粉的工艺优化及其对黄嘌呤氧化酶活性的影响

目的制备诃子超微粉进行粉体学性质检测,对其制备工艺进行优化。方法:以黄嘌呤氧化酶(Xanthine oxidase,XOD)抑制率为评价指标,以球料比、冷冻时间、转速、球磨时间为影响因素进行单因素试验;在此基础上,正交实验试验优化诃子超微粉碎工艺。建立优化后的诃子超微粉的高效液相色谱(High Performance Liquid Chromatography,HPLC)指纹图谱,并与诃子超微粉进行对比。结果: 采用球磨法制备了诃子超微粉,诃子超微粉可显著改善普通粉的粉体学性质,降低药粉粒径;诃子超微粉最优制备条件为：球料比5:1、冷冻时间40 min、转速400 r/min、球磨时间1 h,优化后的超微粉粒径为22.4μm,5 mg/mL黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制率为69.10%。经HPLC分析,优化前后的二种诃子超微粉末指纹图谱主要成分基本一致,超微粉碎工艺未破坏诃子成分。结论:优化后的诃子超微粉抗黄嘌呤氧化酶活性更佳,为诃子超微粉在高尿酸血症中的应用提供了基础。     

干燥方式对秋葵超微粉理化特性及抗氧化活性的影响

以热风、真空冷冻两种干燥方式对4 个品种（爱木1号（爱1）、老蓝、孟1、爱木5号（爱5））的秋葵果 实进行干燥并将其超微粉碎,研究干燥方式对秋葵超微粉的理化特性及其抗氧化活性的影响。结果表明：热风干 燥与真空冷冻干燥的秋葵超微粉在物理特性（溶解性、持水力、容重）、VC含量、叶绿素含量和抗氧化活性方面 都存在显著差异（P＜0.05）。与热风干燥相比,真空冷冻干燥的秋葵超微粉溶解性大,持水力、容重小,VC含量 高,且其甲醇提取液对1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼和O2 － ·的清除能力较强。真空冷冻干燥后,4 个品种的秋葵超微粉 除持水力和容重外,其他指标存在显著差异（P＜0.05）;其中,孟1超微粉的溶解度最高,VC含量丰富,抗氧化 活性最强。本研究结果认为真空冷冻干燥的秋葵超微粉在物理特性方面优于热风干燥的,且具有较高的VC含量和 抗氧化活性,说明该干燥方式更适用于秋葵超微粉的生产,尤其是采用真空冷冻干燥方式加工孟1品种的秋葵更具 有市场价值。     

不同干燥和粉碎方式对玉木耳粉粉体特性和营养成分的影响

为探究适宜的玉木耳粉制备工艺,采用热风干燥、真空冷冻干燥和微波真空干燥三种干燥模式对玉木耳子实体进行干制处理,干制后分别进行普通粉碎和超微粉碎,对不同处理下玉木耳粉粉体特性和营养成分差异性进行评价。结果表明:热风干燥模式粉体流动性和填充性显著优于其他处理（P<0.05）,真空冷冻干燥持水、持油能力较好,超微粉碎可改善粉体特性,但流动性和填充性会有所下降,超微粉碎后粉体润湿下沉所需时间显著多于普通粉（P<0.05）。真空冷冻干燥玉木耳粉营养物质含量保存效果最好,其次为微波真空干燥,热风干燥对营养物质损耗较大,超微粉碎在一定程度上能提高玉木耳粉营养物质的溶出率。综合比较得出,玉木耳真空冷冻干燥超微粉较适合用作功能食品深加工原料。     

红曲茶黄酒多酚色谱分析及其对小鼠抗氧化酶活力影响

该研究将绿茶加入红曲黄酒中,采用高效液相色谱（HPLC）法检测红曲茶黄酒酚类物质含量,酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）试剂盒法检测小鼠血清的抗氧化酶活力及丙二醛（MDA）含量,并以传统工艺红曲黄酒对照,考察添加绿茶共发酵对红曲黄酒酚类物质及小鼠体内抗氧化酶活力的影响。结果表明,添加绿茶共发酵可使红曲黄酒新增4种绿茶特征酚类物质和咖啡因,儿茶素、绿原酸、没食子酸及总酚含量分别提高27.38%、29.52%、30.77%和37.69%;与传统红曲黄酒相比,小鼠血清的超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）酶活力分别显著提高3.05%、12.50%（P＜0.05）,MDA含量显著降低2.98%（P＜0.05）。添加绿茶共发酵不仅可丰富传统红曲黄酒的酚类物质组分及含量,还可提高传统红曲黄酒的抗氧化能力。     

黄芪超微粉碎物理特性及其制备工艺优化

研究黄芪超微粉的物理性质,并以400目黄芪超微粉的体积累积分布率(Va)为指标优化振动磨黄芪超微粉碎的工艺参数。结果表明：超微粉碎可以显著提高黄芪粉体流动性、持水力、膨胀力和容积密度,400目黄芪超微粉总黄酮的溶出度最大达0.26g/100g;黄芪用高速万能粉碎机干法粉碎1min,过60目筛,调整含水量为6.7%,再用贝利超微粉碎机在－20℃条件下超微粉碎20.5min,黄芪超微粉的Va高达86.9%。物料含水量对Va的影响最大,其次是粉碎时间,再次是粉碎温度。Va的回归方程为：Y＝85.62＋0.085A＋1.22B－3.48C＋1.05AB＋0.35AC＋0.63BC－2.28A2－4.18B2－2.73C2。黄芪超微粉可以广泛应用药品和保健食品中。     

锦橙皮渣膳食纤维微粉化及其功能特性分析

以锦橙果汁加工副产物锦橙皮渣为原料制备锦橙皮渣膳食纤维,通过普通粉碎和球磨法微细化处理,得到不同粒径大小的锦橙皮渣膳食纤维微粉和超微粉,测定其理化性质和重金属离子结合力,并利用激光粒度仪、红外光谱、X射线衍射、热分析、扫描电镜对不同锦橙皮渣膳食纤维粉进行粒径测定和结构观察,探究超微粉碎对锦橙皮渣膳食纤维理化性质、微观结构及重金属离子吸附能力的影响。结果表明,球磨微细化处理后膳食纤维的粒径减小;粉体的持水性、持油性、溶胀性、重金属离子结合力显著升高（P＜0.05）,色泽变浅。本实验为锦橙皮渣的综合利用以及作为一种潜在食品添加剂资源提供理论参考。     

超微粉碎提高薇菜粉活性成分的生物利用率

以常规薇菜粉为对照,通过行星球磨法、高压均质法对薇菜粉体进行超微粉碎,对粉体平均粒度、休止角和粉体膨胀力进行测定。并建立体外消化模型对薇菜总黄酮、总多酚的生物利用率、释放量进行计算。结果表明:超微粉碎后薇菜粉体的生物利用率及总黄酮、总多酚释放量都有了显著(p0.05)提升。相比常规薇菜粉,采用行星球磨法和高压均质法处理后的薇菜粉体总黄酮生物利用率分别提高:6.09%和3.58%;总多酚生物利用率分别提高:6.41%和6.72%。总黄酮释放量分别增加:(8.35±0.57)mg/g、(7.27±0.74)mg/g;总多酚释放量分别增加:(3.44 mg±0.43)mg/g,(3.67±0.44)mg/g。说明超微粉碎技术可以有效提高活性成分的溶出及其在人体消化吸收的生物利用率,本试验结果可为薇菜功能性产品研发做参考。     

用气流粉碎分级法对超细WC粉末研磨

超细硬质合金具有高硬度、高耐磨性的优异性能,保证超细硬质合金的晶粒度小而且均匀的一个关键因素就是以粒度细小、分布均匀的超细W C粉末为原料。在超细W C粉末的制备过程中,对从氧化物还原、碳化后得到的W C粉末的后续处理非常重要,目前普遍采用的是球磨粉碎,但是经过机械方法粉碎后的超细粉末,很难使物料达到所需粒度要求,产品往往处于一个较大的粒度分布范围。文中讨论了一种新型的粉碎技术——气流粉碎分级技术,它兼有气流粉碎和气流分级,使得到的粉末在气流粉碎下细化、在气流分级下减小其粒度分布。气流粉碎分级技术是当今世界原材料加工技术的重要方面,将其应用于超细硬质合金的制备中有很重要的实际意义。     

Ball milling improves extractability and antioxidant properties of the active constituents of mushroom Inonotus obliquus powders

Inonotus obliquus has been used as a folk remedy for a long time. An improved method using fine grinding by ball mill was investigated, and the main chemical components and physicochemical properties of Inonotus obliquus powders were analysed. The Inonotus obliquus fine grinding powders were prepared by pulverising the coarse powder with planetary ball mill for different time. The results showed that the yields of polysaccharides increased from 41.08 mg g^?1 (coarse powder) to 319.62 mg g^?1, and the yields of polyphenols were also increased fourfold in ball‐milled powders as compared to the untreated one. Ball‐milled powders showed higher values in the bulk density, angles of repose and slide, water solubility index and swelling capacity (P < 0.05), but lower values in the water‐holding capacity and oil‐holding capacity. The shape and surface morphology of the powders were changed after ball mill treatment. The antioxidant properties of the extracts from ball‐milled powders were significantly improved (P < 0.05). The results will be helpful for the application of Inonotus obliquus in food and pharmaceutical industries.     

桑葚全果粉与果渣粉对曲奇饼干品质和抗氧化特性的影响

桑葚资源丰富,加工副产物桑果渣开发利用较少。本文对比分析桑葚果渣粉与全果粉营养品质及两种桑葚粉不同添加量（1%、3%、5%、7%、9%）对曲奇饼干品质及其抗氧化特性的影响,得出桑葚果渣粉添加量对曲奇色泽、硬度、断裂形变、抗氧化特性与感官评分都有显著的影响（P<0.05）;桑葚全果粉添加量对曲奇色泽、硬度、抗氧化特性有显著性影响（P<0.05）,对曲奇断裂形变和感官评分没有显著性影响（P>0.05）。L、a*和b*都随着两种果粉添加量的增加而逐渐降低,与果渣粉组相比,添加全果粉曲奇L、a*和b*下降幅度更快;添加两种桑葚果粉的曲奇硬度呈现先增加后降低再升高的趋势;曲奇抗氧化能力与两种果粉添加量成正比,且全果粉对曲奇总抗氧化能力、抑制产生超氧阴离子能力更强。综合感官评价结果得出添加3%的桑葚果渣粉或7%的全果粉制作的桑葚曲奇品质和口感效果最佳。     

Comparison of sprout quality characteristics of desi and kabuli type chickpea cultivars (Cicer arietinum L.)

Effect of germination time on comparative sprout quality characteristics (proximate composition, ascorbic acid, phytic acid, invitro protein digestibility, protein solubility and sensory properties) was investigated. Sprouting significantly increased (P<0.01) the moisture, crude protein, crude fat and ascorbic acid contents and decreased nitrogen free extract (NFE). Phytic acid was reduced (P<0.01) with sprouting, but more pronouncedly so in the case of Kabuli type (73% reduction) than in desi type (32% reduction). In-vitro protein digestibility (IVDP) and protein solubility improved significantly (P<0.01) with increase in sprouting time. The overall sensory scores increased with the first (24 h) sprouting interval and then decreased. However, the acceptability scores for both chickpea types remained within the acceptable range (>5.0). Although, organoleptically the desi type chickpea sprouts were preferred over Kabuli type, the nutritional improvement due to sprouting was more pronounced in Kabuli chickpeas than their desi counterparts. Due to overall superior sprout quality, the kabuli type was more suitable for sprouting purposes.     

不同烹饪方式的羊肚菌在体外消化过程中营养成分溶出差异比较

为研究不同烹饪方式对羊肚菌营养品质的影响,采用体外消化方法对煮制、蒸制以及烤制处理的不同粒度羊肚菌粉（粗粉、超微粉）进行消化。比较了消化后的羊肚菌粉显微形态,模拟胃、肠消化液中还原糖、蛋白质、游离氨基酸、总酚含量以及DPPH（1,1-Diphenryl-2-Picrylhydrazyl）自由基清除能力、铁离子还原能力（Ferric Ion Reducing Antioxidantpower,FRAP）、阳离子自由基清除能力2-azinobis-（3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfphonate,ABTS）。结果表明：经过体外胃、肠消化后,烤制处理的羊肚菌粉还原糖、蛋白质、多酚溶出量最高,蒸制其次,煮制最低,烤制比煮制平均依次高62.87%、58.58%、4.69倍;蒸制处理的羊肚菌,溶出的游离氨基酸含量在所有处理中最高,粗粉、细粉平均为40.40 mg/g,分别比烤制、蒸制高出18.77%,19.81%。超微粉碎不能有效提高还原糖、多酚的溶出,但可以显著提高蛋白质、游离氨基酸的溶出（P<0.05）;模拟消化液的DPPH值没有显著差异,但FRAP和ABTS值差异显著（P<0.05）,烤制处理的最高,其次是蒸制,煮制最低;超微粉碎不能有效提升羊肚菌模拟消化液的抗氧化水平。该研究为羊肚菌的科学食用提供了参考。     

Effects of toasting on the carbohydrate profile and antioxidant properties of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) flour added to durum wheat pasta

The effects of the toasting process on the carbohydrate profile and antioxidant properties of chickpea flour were studied, along with the cooking behaviour, and antioxidant and nutritional properties of pasta enriched with the chickpea flour. The toasting process increased the resistant starch, insoluble dietary fibre and antioxidant properties of the flour. Addition of chickpea flour (raw and toasted) to durum wheat semolina changed the carbohydrate profile in the uncooked and cooked enriched pasta, especially with the toasted chickpea, and worsened the overall quality of the pasta. The increase in total phenolic content and total free phenolic acid content in the uncooked pasta was due to positive effects of addition of the chickpea flours, while the increase in the bound phenolics fraction in the cooked pasta was from the durum wheat, which was crucial for its high concentrations of ferulic acid. The increase in the free fraction of the Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity in cooked pasta was consistent with the addition of chickpea.     

Macronutrients,Phytochemicals, and Antioxidant Activity of Soybean Sprout Germinated with or without Light Exposure

This study examined the macronutrients, phytochemicals, and antioxidant activities of yellow soybean sprout (YSS) and green soybean sprout (GSS) with different germination days. YSS and GSS were obtained by sprouting soybean in darkness or with light exposure at 21 °C. Lipid, protein, carbohydrate, and ash contents were analyzed before and after soybean germination. Phytochemicals (total phenolic compounds, saponin, and isoflavone) were also determined. DPPH, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) were determined to examine the antioxidant activities of soybean sprout. Results showed YSS had a higher yield than GSS. Based on dry mass composition, 7‐d germination of GSS decreased 14% protein, 37% lipid, 22% carbohydrate, and 16% ash, whereas 7‐d germination of YSS decreased 6% protein and 47% lipid. Carbohydrate did not change and ash significantly increased for the 7‐d germinated YSS. Lipid was greatly metabolized in germination, which explained why the protein relative percentage in dried soybean sprout was higher than that in the corresponding soybean. Total phenolic compounds and saponin (mg/g soybean sprout, dry basis) had the same accumulation trend in soybean sprout with the increases in germination days. Aglycone isoflavones (genistein, glycitein, and daidzein) and daidzin showed an increased trend, whereas malonylgenistin and malonylglycitin showed a decreased trend with germination days for both GSS and YSS. The change in other isoflavones did not show definite trends. GSS had 20% more antioxidant activities than YSS (7‐d germinated soybean sprout). The increases in ORAC antioxidant activity suggest eating GSS may be more beneficial than GSS for promoting human health.     

茶花粉超微粉碎破壁工艺优化

为使茶花粉孢子内营养物质能够得到充分释放,采用行星球磨机对茶花粉进行了超微化破壁试验研究。采用Box-Benken 试验设计法考察了球料质量比、球磨转速、球磨时间三个工艺参数在不同水平上与破壁率之间的关系,通过响应曲面分析法优化计算得到茶花粉超微化破壁的最佳工艺参数范围为：转速520～590r/min,粉碎时间36～38min,球料比6.8～7(m/m),此时花粉破壁率达100%,为花粉的实际有效利用提供实验数据。     

不同碾磨方式小米糠对小麦面团特性及馒头品质的影响

利用多功能粉碎机、流化床式气流粉碎机与行星式球磨机对小米糠进行物理改性,以探究不同碾磨方式、不同添加量的小米糠对小麦面团特性及馒头品质的影响。结果表明,随小米糠粒径减小,持水力、水膨胀力、持油力均提高,其中气流碾磨的效果最明显,分别提高44.29%、41.67%、39.45 %。馒头硬度、胶黏性、咀嚼性随添加量和粒径增大而增加,比容随添加量和粒径增大而减小,色差L*值随添加量的增加而下降,随粒度减小而上升。当普通碾磨米糠添加量不高于5%,气流与球磨碾磨小米糠添加量不高于10%时,综合感官评分最高。